Commercial Center Research Articles

Urban flood risk assessment and evacuation planning: a bi-level optimization model for sustainable high-density coastal areas

ABSTRACT Flooding caused by extreme climate change is becoming increasingly severe, especially in high-density coastal areas worldwide. Although many studies have conducted risk assessments of urban floods, most have not formed a comprehensive evacuation plan considering population distribution and flood disaster risk. To further enhance urban flood planning and emergency management for coastal areas, this study uses Victoria Harbor in Hong Kong, a typical flood-prone region, as a research area. The study first conducts a flood exposure risk assessment and classifies different regions according to flood risk levels. Then, by combining evacuation ability with the changing flood disaster and road evacuation flows, a novel bi-level optimization model is proposed to allocate zones for the citizens day and night. With the upper level using a genetic algorithm to minimize the total system evacuation time and the lower level applying a user equilibrium model for evacuee allocation, this model forms an evacuation that considers the distribution of population hotspots and the impact of flood risks on the road network. The findings of the study show that functional urban areas with high pedestrian flow, tourist spots, commercial centres, and schools are exposed to higher flood risk. Besides, the evacuation simulation of the bi-level optimization model proposed in this study matches the zoning results of actual urban activities and can effectively achieve the goal of evacuating 480,000 people within 12–18 minutes. This study innovatively proposes an effective evacuation plan that can reference the government’s emergency evacuation planning work.

Knowing is Half the Battle: The Factors Leading to Efficient Recruitment of Representative Samples in Schizophrenia Research.

Drug development in schizophrenia is limited by thedifferential scaling of the active treatment and placebo arms of a study, such that, as the number of sites increases, the magnitude of placebo response disproportionately increases. The objective of this article was to identify factors conducive to efficient recruitment as a step towards trial designs allowing recruitment of more participants per site, leading to reduced variability, and potentially a smaller placebo effect. Using the information of 554 individuals, we calculated the percentage of individuals who were screened, consented, and retained in our research, along with rationale for nonconsent. Independent t tests and Chi-squared tests were performed to compare participant characteristics. Out of the 273 individuals who were fully screened, 84 did not progress to the consented stage owing to various reasons, leading to a total of 189 individuals who were screened and consented and a total of 365 individuals who were either incompletely screened or not consented into a study. Individuals with an externally validated medical history showed the highest yield in being consented and retained in research as new participants. In particular, chart reviews from clinics were highly efficient (25.8%) in facilitating new participants' enrollment, even when theseindividuals were not actively/prospectively seeking research. The most common reason for nonconsent was difficulty in telephone or email contact. Consenting and nonconsenting participants were similar in demographics, and recruitment sources only differed in their reported substance use. Referrals and chart reviews from known clinics were the most efficient method in retaining new participants, highlighting the importance of external validation and communication between research and clinical staff within a system. Consenting participants showed no significant differences from the database as a whole, demonstrating that the study samples were representative. Future studies should aim to confirm the present findings at other academic and commercial research centers.

Sustainable Landfill Site Selection in Urban Areas: Case Study of Millenium City in India

Landfills remain the predominant approach to managing solid waste in urban settings due to their cost-effectiveness, particularly in developing nations. In this regard, landfill site selection is a serious issue in the urban planning process because of its implications for the economy, environment, ecology, and public health. Municipal Corporation Gurugram records indicate that the city alone generates solid waste of about 1100 metric tons per day. The city's growing urban population and rapid expansion as a commercial and financial center presented numerous waste management difficulties. Existing studies lack comprehensive integration of multi-criteria decision analysis and GIS technologies for landfill site selection in rapidly urbanizing cities like Gurugram. In the present study, multi-criteria decision analysis and GIS technologies are used to identify suitable sites for landfills, considering most environmental factors. With the rate of population and settlements increasing, it is suggested that the landfill site serve for at least 20 years. In accordance with the regulations outlined in the Solid Waste Management Rules of 2016, a meticulous process was undertaken to identify and prioritize the ten most crucial criteria for evaluation in prescribed methodologies. The study's conclusions could help municipal planners and waste management authorities create an effective solid waste management system that takes into account all possible advantages and disadvantages.

Phishing: History, Effects, Targeted Area and Countermeasure

The web has turned into a principal part of our conventional social and financial activities. Web works arriving at clients all around the globe with no commercial center limitations and with successful utilization of internet business. Consequently, Internet customers may be defenceless against different kinds of web risks, that may cause financial damages, information forgery, brand reputation mischief, the sacrifice of private information, and loss of customers' confidence in online business and electronic banking. Thusly, the reasonableness of the Internet for business exchanges becomes dubious. Phishing is seen as a design of web peril which is classified as the forte of mimicking a website of a legitimate undertaking proposing to gain a client's private accreditations, for instance, usernames, passwords, and federal retirement aide numbers. In this paper, we present an survey on the phishing activity, their impact, causes prevention, threads , reports and Cyber Lab security concern . we also discuss about how we can establish a batter cyber security lab to protect from phishing and malware This paper also present an overview report of LACL Cyber Lab which establish in Los Angeles to protect from all cyber attack and how we can gain the knowledge about new threads. .

An Analysis of the Performance Appraisal and its Impact at 5 Elements, Mysore

5 Elements is a Mysore-based organization that has some expertise in giving imaginative arrangements across different areas, with a solid spotlight on consumer loyalty, worker improvement, and manageability. The organization offers a scope of administrations, including consultancy, IT, and item improvement, and has gained notoriety for conveying top-notch and solid arrangements. Driven by its basic beliefs — Development, Quality, Consumer Loyalty, Representative Development, and Maintainability — 5 Components accentuate the significance of long-haul client connections, worker commitment, and earth-mindful practices. With a groundbreaking approach, the organization consistently puts resources into state-of-the-art innovation and cycle upgrades to improve functional proficiency and extend its market presence. Through a mix of vital objectives and a promise to greatness, 5 Components is strategically set up for future development and progress in a cutthroat commercial center. KEYWORDS: Mission: Purpose, Goals, Objectives, Vision , Leadership Team, Structure, Governance

The Culture and Social Culture of Mahabad Residents(1880-1946)

This study investigates one of the most significant features of the social history of Mahabad, which is one of the famous cities in Kurdistan. Inspite of that Mahabad was the capital of Republic of Kurdistan politically, it, socially, had a long social characteristic. Because Mahabad located on one of the commerce roads between East and West, it became a crucial center of commerce between East and West areas; moreover, it became a lively city socially with having its own culture and social features. Coming various people from Russia and Ottoman Empire to Mahabad for commerce and being many Jewish and Christian families in the city, certainly, had a considerable influence on the social condition generally and on the culture and social culture of the city specifically. This study includes two scientific themes. In the first theme, we talk about the protocols of hospitality, horse riding, and jokes and games in Mahabad, in which the city had its own feature in this regard. Besides, in the second theme we have dealt with three social phenomena: wedding ceremonies, parties, and visiting the cemetery of good people. The significance of the study is that only few researches have been conducted in this socio-historical domain although it is very important.

Under Curatorial Thinking: The Status of Artistic Development of Commercial Space

In contemporary society, the combination of art and commercial shopping centers has emerged as a prevailing development trend. On the one hand, the art market requires the infusion of commercial capital to invigorate it. Contemporary art also demands new expansion channels to enhance its influence, gain a broader range of art users and consumer groups. Artists need platforms to exhibit their artworks and access more art resources. On the other hand, with the rapid growth of online sales in the e-commerce era impacting traditional commercial spaces, offline physical commercial spaces are confronted with the pressure of homogenized competition within the industry. They also need artistic content to assist in upgrading the business management concept and achieving the expansion of new business models, maximizing the full potential of physical commercial spaces, attracting consumers, and improving economic benefits. Meanwhile, the uniform public spaces have gradually failed to satisfy the aesthetic and experiential demands of the public. Art, as an original force, intervenes in the operation of commercial shopping centers; commerce, as a promotional force, participates in the art market; and art, as a cultural force, integrates into the daily life of the masses.

Changes in Traffic Density and Vehicle Usage Habits During and After the Pandemic in Balıkesir Province

The COVID-19 pandemic profoundly impacted social dynamics and individuals' lifestyles worldwide, leading to significant changes in traffic density and vehicle usage habits. This study analyzes the changes in urban traffic density and individual vehicle usage habits in Balıkesir province during the pandemic period (2021-2022) and the post-pandemic normalization period (2023-2024). Within the scope of the research, vehicle passage densities at 19 signalized intersections in the city center of Balıkesir were examined, and predictive models were created using machine learning methods such as linear regression and the Random Forest algorithm. The findings reveal that traffic flows in economically active areas, such as industrial zones, were less affected by the pandemic, whereas traffic density significantly decreased in commercial and social centers. Additionally, an increase in individual vehicle usage and a decline in public transportation preferences during the pandemic period were observed. The study also explores recovery trends in post-pandemic traffic flow and intersection-based differences in detail. This study underscores the importance of traffic data obtained during the pandemic for sustainable traffic management and transportation planning. At the end of the study, solutions such as the integration of intelligent traffic systems, the promotion of environmentally friendly transportation modes, and increasing the appeal of public transportation systems were proposed. These findings are expected to guide decision-makers in improving urban traffic dynamics and preparing for similar crises in the future.

PEMFC Technology as a Mobile Generator and Back Up Power Supply Environmentally Friendly

Hydrogen as a renewable energy source is increasingly important in efforts to reduce carbon emissions and transition to clean energy. Many power plants are equipped with hydrogen plants that produce hydrogen gas continuously, but excess hydrogen is often disposed of when storage reaches maximum capacity. This study proposes the use of excess hydrogen to power fuel cells as a backup energy source in various important facilities, such as commercial centres, fitness, and health services. Hydrogen fuel cells offer the main advantage of zero-emission operation, making them an ideal solution for improving energy sustainability. By using previously discarded hydrogen, not only energy waste can be minimized, but it also opens new business opportunities in the sale and rental of fuel cell systems to consumers who care about their carbon footprint and clean energy. The hydrogen gas productivity at a power plant reaches 88.8 kg/day, and the potential excess hydrogen gas at a power plant reaches 48.84 kg/day. One kilogram of hydrogen gas can generate 15 to 20 kWh of electrical energy. The study also examines potential business models that focus on the utilization of hydrogen from renewable energy sources such as solar, hydro, and geothermal. In addition, the analysis shows that the application of fuel cells for backup energy systems in strategic locations can reduce dependence on conventional energy that generates emissions. The use of this technology has great potential to support green energy infrastructure in Indonesia and is in line with global initiatives towards reducing carbon emissions. With the cost of hydrogen production getting lower and the growing awareness of the importance of clean energy, this approach is expected to play a significant role in achieving sustainable energy targets.

Real-Time E-commerce Insights with Mean Shift Clustering: A Dynamic Approach to Customer Understanding

In the high-speed universe of internet business, understanding client conduct progressively is urgent for customized encounters and ideal business results. This paper investigates the utilization of Mean Shift bunching, a strong non-parametric thickness-based calculation, for continuous examination in online business. By utilizing Mean Shift's capacity to progressively distinguish bunches of erratic shapes, organizations can acquire important bits of knowledge into client conduct, even as it advances. We show the way that Mean Shift can fragment clients in view of their ongoing perusing movement, search questions, item associations, and buy designs, making dynamic client profiles that mirror their ebb and flow interests and inclinations. This empowers organizations to convey profoundly customized proposals, upgrade valuing techniques, and designer promoting efforts in light of constant client needs. Moreover, we investigate how Mean Shift can be utilized to foresee future client conduct, empowering organizations to expect needs and proactively tailor the shopping experience. The paper additionally addresses the difficulties of carrying out ongoing Mean Shift grouping, including information streaming and adaptability, computational intricacy, and information protection concerns. We finish up by illustrating future exploration headings for improving the viability of Mean Change continuously online business examination, underscoring its capability to reform the manner in which organizations draw in with clients in a dynamic and consistently changing internet based commercial center.

Comprehensive Analysis of Taxi Service Distribution, Demand Hot spots, and Air Pollution Impact: A GIS and Big Data Approach

As urban transportation demand increases, optimizing taxi services is critical for improving traffic flow and reducing environmental impact. This study investigates the spatial distribution of taxi services, demand hotspots, and their relation to air pollution using Geographic Information Systems (GIS), big data, and land use analysis. After collecting and processing taxi GPS data, we identified high-demand areas such as airports and commercial centers. We then overlaid this data with air pollution monitoring information to analyze potential correlations. The analysis revealed significant overlaps between regions of frequent taxi operation and elevated pollution levels. Using spatio-temporal models, we predicted demand patterns across different periods and explored the connection between land use (commercial, residential, and industrial zones) and traffic congestion. The results show that taxi services contribute significantly to air quality deterioration in densely populated and commercially active areas. These findings suggest that optimized taxi dispatch and fleet redistribution strategies could not only enhance operational efficiency but also alleviate air pollution in urban centers. This study provides actionable insights for policymakers and taxi companies to develop data-driven approaches to urban transportation management, reducing air pollution while improving service efficiency.

Inequity in accessibility to urban parks in environmental gentrification areas based on Multi-G3SFCA: A case study of Wuhan’s main urban districts

Equitable access to urban parks is essential for promoting social fairness and sustainable urban development. However, in the context of urban renewal, environmental gentrification has exacerbated inequities in urban park accessibility. Although research on green space equity is relatively rich, studies focusing on inequities in urban park accessibility in environmental gentrification areas and their influencing factors remain limited. This study aims to analyse inequities in urban park accessibility in gentrified areas and explore the effect of physical spatial and socioeconomic factors on these disparities. With Wuhan’s main urban districts as the study area, environmental gentrification areas were identified using bivariate spatial autocorrelation analysis. An improved three-step floating catchment area(Multi-G3SFCA) method was used to assess the inequities in urban park accessibility across residential communities, and the Gini coefficient and Lorenz curve were used to quantify overall inequity in environmental gentrification areas. Finally, the RF-SHAP method was utilised to analyse the factors influencing accessibility inequities among residential communities. The results indicated that: (1) Environmental gentrification in Wuhan’s main urban districts primarily occurs in lakeside and riverside areas. The average Gini coefficients for community and pocket parks were 0.953 and 0.994, respectively, indicating severe inequity. (2) Physical spatial factors (63%) contributed to inequities in urban park accessibility more than socioeconomic factors (37%). Proximity to rail transit and commercial centres contributed 38% and 22% to inequities, respectively, making them the primary determinants. (3) Although socioeconomic factors had a relatively minor overall effect, they directly influenced inequities and interacted with physical spatial factors. Elements such as the proportion of the ageing population and income levels play a notable role. This study enriches the existing research on inequities in urban park accessibility in environmental gentrification areas. It provides valuable insights for the effective management and planning of urban parks in the context of environmental urban renewal and promotes the equitable development of urban green public spaces.

Design and Implementation of a Mcdm Model for Supply Chain Management

Objectives: The goal of this study is to investigate the extent to which different practices of SCM have been implemented by selected firms in India. The research is a multiple case study of automotive and automotive components industry and also electronic industry in India. Methods: For each organization 15 examiners were disseminated. To produce great reactions, a solitary poll is utilized to quantify different hypothetical builds of the review. The survey is separated into three fundamental areas, where, the principal segment manages general inquiries. In the subsequent segment, the respondents are mentioned to pick one explicit elective that presents the situation with given SCM practice in their organization. The ANP and TOPSIS was utilized in this review. Results: This outcome may be a sign that the greater part of the top administration knew nothing about this model. The organizations are all exceptionally incorporated inside their inward capabilities and furthermore with their outer providers. Nonetheless, the relationship with outer clients isn't coordinated as in the previous. Conclusions: Notwithstanding practical nature of SCM, the board ought to accept that a viable SCM can assist their organizations with flourishing in the present seriously cutthroat commercial center. They ought to change their perspectives toward execution of vital organization with upstream provider and downstream clients to acquire and more advantages.

Origin-Destination Spatial-Temporal Patterns of Dockless Shared Bikes Based on Shopping Activities and Its Application in Urban Planning: The Case of Nanjing

The utilization of dockless shared bikes for shopping purposes has become increasingly prevalent. This research seeks to optimize the configuration of facilities and transportation policies for shared bike travel by analyzing the spatiotemporal patterns of shopping trips from the perspectives of destination (D), origin (O), and O-D correlation in Nanjing’s main city area. As the second-largest commercial center in East China, Nanjing offers a significant context for this research. First, we introduce the “cycling intensity” indicator to analyze the patterns of shared bicycle trips with shopping facilities as destinations at both the subdistrict and road section scales. Second, we utilize spatial autocorrelation analysis and k-means clustering to explore the outflow patterns of shared bicycle trips originating from shopping facilities. Finally, we employ grey correlation analysis to investigate the dynamic flow correlations of shared bicycle O-D trips around various grades of shopping facilities at both subdistrict and road section levels. Concurrently, we endeavored to delineate the practical transformation and application of the research findings. Our results indicate the following: (1) There is a high concentration of cycling intensity around shopping facilities on east–west and north–south roads, with community shopping facilities primarily associated with north–south roads. (2) The outflow of shared bikes from shopping areas can be categorized into four distinct modes. (3) The inflow and outflow of shopping trips exhibit significant synchronicity, particularly on the branch routes. These findings can provide valuable insights for zoning planning, construction of bicycle infrastructure, and formulation of sustainable urban transportation policies.

Polarization division multiplexing link using a high-speed lithium niobate automatic polarization demultiplexer.

We propose and experimentally demonstrate a polarization division multiplexing (PDM) link employing an integrated dual-polarization thin-film lithium niobate (TFLN) modulator and an on-chip automatic polarization demultiplexer. The tracking speed of an 80-Gb/s PDM link achieves a maximum of 600 rad/s with a bit error rate (BER) below 2.4 × 10-2. Furthermore, at a polarization scrambling rate (SR) of 100 rad/s, BERs maintain around 1.7 × 10-3 over a period of half an hour. This configuration takes advantage of the TFLN platform, which includes high-speed modulation, fast polarization control, and a compact footprint, effectively doubling capacity per wavelength using simple direct detection. The demonstration highlights the effectiveness of on-chip polarization multiplexing and demultiplexing, particularly in scenarios involving polarization fluctuations, offering promising prospects for applications in commercial short-reach data centers.

Revisiting factors influencing consumer travel for purchasing goods and experiencing services in Shanghai, China

This paper revisits the relationships among the perceived built environment, travel attitude, perceived value, and consumer travel in the particular era of the changing retail landscape amid advances in information technology. This study thus uses consistent partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLSc-SEM) to estimate the focal parameters on the basis of data from 30 commercial centres in Shanghai, China. Additionally, this inquiry uses multigroup analysis structural equation modelling (MGA-SEM) to evaluate the disparities between two types of consumer travel: purchasing goods and experiencing services. The results show that consumers’ perceived values and travel attitude significantly influence their travel and that these effects are even more apparent for experience services. In addition, the perceived built environment plays a partially positive role in consumer travel. Notably, however, accessibility cannot directly influence consumer travel and only indirectly influences travel attitude, whereas commercial attractiveness positively influences both of these factors. Accordingly, this study offers valuable insights, enabling urban planning, transportation, and commercial services to better address the evolving retail landscape and emerging consumer travel demands.

‘On the high street’ tuition for primary-aged children in London: Critiquing discourses of accessibility, attainment and assistance.

ABSTRACT Private tuition, often referred to as ‘shadow education’, is commercially provided, supplementary education which has been variously constructed to support children in their academic abilities. As growing numbers of children are engaging with tuition, it is receiving greater scrutiny and scholarly attention. This paper explores the growth and role of commercial tuition centres for primary-aged children. Such centres, which operate ‘on the high street’, are not a new phenomenon, but their expansion and assertive commercialisation is notable. With attention to managers’ and tutors’ perspectives, we interrogate the positioning of these services and critically analyse the discursive construction of three ‘As’ of their offer: accessibility of service, promise of enhanced attainment, and assistance with learning. In so doing, tuition centres lead the (re)positioning of private tuition as highly visible private businesses, located within and amongst other commercial enterprises, with an emerging focus on younger children, and are worthy of further research.

Silver from the North

Following Strabo, the mines at Damastion and in its wider region have traditionally been localized in western Illyria. But for several reasons the only known ancient silver mine, west of the Axios, in the Openika hills up modern Ohrid, is no option. Findspots of coins of the Damastion type, minted after the Chalkidian model, however hint at the wider Skupi/Skopje basin as an area of circulation and as a center of silver commerce. Two ancient mining districts can be located not far off, to its east and north, in the regions of Kratovo (in modern North Macedonia) and (somewhat later) Ulpianum (in Kosovo or southern Serbia). From both districts, in the first half of the 4th c., mineral silver travelled south via the Axios Valley and the Anthemous region to the federal Chalkidian mint at Olynthos. The mines in the Kratovo district bordered on Hellenized Paionia, whereas those in the north, belonging to Dardania, were far less in touch with Greek civilization. Damastion’s location, probably in the Paionian borderlands, accounts for the Greek character of its coins. They became models for those from Dardanian mines which, however, soon fell off Greek standards. Nonetheless, Damastion kept close connections with the Chalkidians: soon after the Peloponnesian War it had been founded by the Mendaians and other groups including refugees from Aigina. Chalkidian economic connections with the Dardanian north, based on silver trade, were an impulse for a defensive alliance that the Illyro-Dardanian king Grabos concluded around 357 with the Chalkidians against Philip. Extremely short-lived, it was cancelled by the Olynthians when they accepted Philip’s offer of a symmachy. They threw the stele inscribed with their Dardanian alliance into a river flowing by their city even before it was fully incised.

Edge Computing-driven Smart Transportation: Analysis and Prediction of Urban Traffic Flow

Abstract With the continuous development of artificial intelligence, the research and application of automated connected driving is receiving more and more attention. The combination of mobile edge computing and Telematics provides crucial technical support. In this paper, we propose a rasterization method for mobile edge computing scenario. We establish a grid classification model based on K-means to facilitate targeted and distributed optimization of computing resources. Meanwhile, we dynamically adjust the allocation of computational resources and the location of edge servers in advance deployment by predicting vehicle traffic. The experimental results demonstrate that the K-means-based grid classification model can accurately classify the grids and differentiate the traffic patterns of the grids, such as remote suburban areas, suburban areas, residential living areas, production industrial areas, and commercial center areas. The Backpropagation (BP) neural network-based grid traffic flow prediction model can simulate the overall changes of the grid traffic flow throughout a day to the maximum extent. Finally, we plan optimization scheme in urban mobile edge scenarios based on the results obtained from our analysis and prediction, and through our results, we can make edge computing resources be utilized efficiently.

Can a Signboard Be Exclusionary? A Study of Linguistic Landscape in the Commercial Center of Poznań

A signboard is an element of the linguistic landscape of a given place. The linguistic landscape is a space open to everyone, but it may be experienced differently by people from various generations. To examine the extent and quality of comfort or discomfort resulting from linguistic exclusion in public spaces, in the article the linguistic landscape of the center of Poznań is analyzed in terms of the absence and presence of the native language of residents and visitors to this place. The research material comes from the most frequented places in this city and includes signs of private establishments (“bottom-up tokens”), which contribute to the linguistic landscape of Poznań. The study of linguistic exclusion takes into account the diverse linguistic competencies of five living generations of Poles. It aims to identify potential causes of the feeling of exclusion in open urban spaces for specific groups of Poles.