Technology Center Research Articles

The Wartburg gittern: new insights

Abstract Since 1860, the collection of the Wartburg Foundation in Eisenach has housed a small lute-like instrument that, based on the glued-in instrument label, is attributed to Hans Ott in Nuremberg, dated around 1450 and described as a gittern. This so-called Wartburg gittern has, to date, been considered to be one of the oldest surviving European plucked string instruments, is regularly mentioned in musicological literature and has often been ‘copied’ in the course of historical performance practice. Surprisingly, however, there has been neither a detailed study nor a comprehensive publication on this instrument. As part of a research project by the Swiss National Science Foundation at the Bern Academy of the Arts, the Wartburg gittern was re-examined in 2021. In addition to the direct analysis of the instrument, a three-dimensional model was created from numerous photographs using photogrammetry, a micro-computed tomography scan was carried out in collaboration with the Fraunhofer Development Center for X-ray Technology in Fürth, Bavaria (Fraunhofer-IIS/EZRT), a dendrochronological dating of the soundboard of the instrument was commissioned and new research into its provenance was undertaken. The most important findings are presented in this article.

Stormwater controls for channel stability: Focusing on bed material transport prevents degradation.

The hydrologic benefits of catchment-scale implementation of stormwater control measures (SCMs) in mitigating the adverse effects of urbanization are well established. Nevertheless, recent studies indicate that the Unified Stormwater Sizing Criteria (USSC) regulations, mandating the combined use of distributed and storage stormwater controls, do not protect channel stability, despite their effectiveness in reducing runoff from impervious surfaces. The USSC are the basis of SCM design in 11 U.S. states and the District of Columbia. This study employed a calibrated, sequential modeling approach, which integrated a catchment-scale Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) with the Hydrologic Engineering Center River Analysis System (HEC-RAS), to evaluate the effectiveness of two alternative stormwater regulations in preventing channel erosion. A three-step methodology was developed using the calibrated SWMM and HEC-RAS models: (1) establish the pre-development scenario; (2) design SCMs for channel stability under design storm conditions; and, (3) assess regulation effectiveness through continuous simulations. The modeling results revealed that designing stormwater controls using the USSC increased sediment transport for the 1-, 2-, and 5-yr, 24-hr annual recurrence interval (ARI) design storms 2 to 2.7 times the pre-development conditions. SCM designs aimed at matching the sediment transport of the pre-development catchment reduced peak flows 30-70% and prevented knickpoint formation, as compared to designs based on hydrologic targets only. Study results demonstrate that to protect channels from degradation following urban development, the morphology and bed material of the receiving channel must be considered in the design of stormwater controls.

Variety of disc wind-driven explosions in massive rotating stars – II. Dependence on the progenitor

Abstract We assess the variance of supernova(SN)-like explosions associated with the core collapse of rotating massive stars into a black hole-accretion disc system under changes in the progenitor structure. Our model of the central engine evolves the black hole and the disc through the transfer of matter and angular momentum and includes the contribution of the disc wind. We perform two-dimensional, non-relativistic, hydrodynamics simulations using the open-source hydrodynamic code Athena++, for which we develop a method to calculate self-gravity for axially symmetric density distributions. For a fixed model of the wind injection, we explore the explosion characteristics for progenitors with zero-age main-sequence masses from 9 to 40 M⊙ and different degrees of rotation. Our outcomes reveal a wide range of explosion energies with Eexpl spanning from ∼0.3 × 1051 erg to >8 × 1051 erg and ejecta mass Mej from ∼0.6 to >10M⊙. Our results are in agreement with some range of the observational data of stripped-envelope and high-energy SNe such as broad-lined type Ic SNe, but we measure a stronger correlation between Eexpl and Mej. We also provide an estimate of the 56Ni mass produced in our models which goes from ∼0.04 M⊙ to ∼1.3 M⊙. The 56Ni mass shows a correlation with the mass and the angular velocity of the progenitor: more massive and faster rotating progenitors tend to produce a higher amount of 56Ni. Finally, we present a criterion that allows the selection of a potential collapsar progenitor from the observed explosion energy.

Discovery of high-frequency quasi-periodic oscillation in short-duration gamma-ray bursts

Abstract Rapidly rotating newborn magnetars, which originate from binary neutron star (NS) mergers and serve as the central engines of short gamma-ray bursts (GRBs), may leave some imprints on their prompt gamma-ray lightcurves even though they are far from their radiating fireballs. A high-frequency quasi-periodic oscillation (QPO) would be a unique feature for the magnetar central engine, especially a hypermassive magnetar. By conducting a systematic analysis of the prompt gamma-ray lightcurves from 605 short GRBs observed by Fermi/GBM, we have identified such QPO signals in three GRBs (e.g. GRB 120323A, GRB 181222B, and GRB 190606A). The QPOs that peaked at $1258^{+6}_{-6}$ Hz for GRB 120323A, $623^{+4}_{-4}$ Hz for GRB 181222B, and $1410^{+4}_{-5}$ Hz for GRB 190606A are all with a confidence level above 5.2 σ. The high-frequency QPO signals of those three short GRBs may be caused by a hypermassive magnetar acting as the central engine in a binary neutron star merger of binary neutron star.

User Satisfaction Analysis of SMOPI Application: The Role of User Interface, Perceived Ease of Use, and Behavioral Intention at the Irrigation Engineering Center - Ministry of Public Works and Public Housing

This research analyzed how the user interface, perceived ease of use, and behavioral intention impact user satisfaction with the SMOPI application based on the technology acceptance model. A quantitative survey using a cross-sectional design collected data from application users through sampling. Structural equation modeling with SMARTPLS analyzed the results. The findings demonstrated that the user interface significantly influenced satisfaction, with a path coefficient of 0.645 and P-value of 0.021, indicating a comfortable and relevant interface enhances satisfaction. However, perceived ease of use and behavioral intention did not significantly impact satisfaction, recording path coefficients of -0.015 (P-value 0.947) and 0.189 (P-value 0.591), respectively. In closing, the user interface emerged as the most consequential factor in determining satisfaction with the SMOPI application. Optimizing features to align with consumer needs while refining the design were recommended to boost satisfaction overall. Adopting the technology acceptance model in this research provided useful insights into user acceptance and the satisfaction-influencing elements.

Satisfaction Assessment of Training in Artificial Intelligence With a Focus on Sustainable Projects for the Amazon

Objective: To list challenges and assess student satisfaction with training in artificial intelligence focused on developing sustainable projects for the Amazon. Theoretical Framework: AI refers to systems that model human intelligence to perform tasks, improving based on collected information. The digital transformation market has seen significant growth, with global investments expected to reach $665 billion by 2023. Method: The applied methodology consisted of a quantitative and qualitative approach. A specific form was used for the demographic study and student satisfaction. Only students who completed the training were included in the research. Results and Discussion: The sample used had a margin of error of 9.40% with a confidence level of 90%. The research conducted with the participants revealed a high satisfaction rate, with 98.1% of students declaring themselves satisfied or very satisfied with the offered training. Research Implications: The research revealed several important aspects of the training provided, the difficulties faced by the students, and their satisfaction in carrying out the specific activities of the course considering its various modules. Originality/Value: This training consisted of a pilot project by the Federal University of Amapá in partnership with the International Software Technology Center (CITS) that brings an innovative approach to developing sustainable projects for the Amazon using technical knowledge in Artificial Intelligence and considering high school and elementary school students.

GRB 201223A: Implication of Fallback Accretion onto the Newborn Black Hole from its Multiband Afterglow

Multiband afterglow observations of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are important for studying the central engine. GRB 201223A is a GRB with prompt optical detection by GWAC. Here we report on the early optical afterglow of GRB 201223A detected by NEXT (only 2.8 minutes after the Swift/BAT trigger), which smoothly connects the prompt optical emission and the afterglow phase. Utilizing Amati diagrams and considering the detection of afterglow emission in the Swift u-band, we suggest a redshift range of 0.26–1.85. Based on our optical data and combined with early optical observation from GWAC and early X-ray data from Swift/XRT, a multiband fitting is performed using PyFRS, and we obtain the best afterglow parameters (assuming a redshift of z = 1.0): EK,iso=5.01−1.70+1.91×1054 erg, Γ0=426.58−138.18+148.86 , θj=25.98−10.54+9.67 deg, n0=0.30−0.26+3.78 cm−3, p=2.32−0.01+0.01 , ϵe=3.31−0.86+1.59×10−5 , ϵB=3.47−2.62+4.12×10−1 . The late-time X-ray shows a re-brightening, indicating late-time central engine activities. After comparing the leading two central engine models, i.e., magnetar model and hyperaccreting black hole model, we find that the fallback accretion onto a newborn black hole provides a better explanation for the X-ray re-brightening with fallback accretion rate Mṗ≃2.76×10−9M⊙s−1 and the total fallback accreted mass M fb ≃ 1.41 × 10−6 M ⊙.

Performance of Pervious Concrete Pavement in Freeze-Thaw Conditions and With Winter Maintenance

In 2007 the Cement Association of Canada, industry members and the Centre for Pavement and Transportation Technology at the University of Waterloo partnered to carry out a study to evaluate the behavior of pervious concrete pavement in the Canadian climate. Field sites have been constructed and monitored and laboratory testing has also been carried out on pervious concrete pavement. This paper focuses on the behavior that has been demonstrated by pervious concrete in the laboratory when exposed to two factors: freeze-thaw cycling and moisture; and winter maintenance. The behavior was assessed in terms of permeability and surface distress development. Freeze-thaw cycling and moisture proved to on occasion alter the interior structure of the pervious concrete pavement. The extent to which this occurs is deemed to be related to the paste characteristics. Salt solution as a winter maintenance technique was found to be very damaging to the pervious concrete samples. Sand as a winter maintenance method led to minimal surface distress development. Permeability was decreased with the use of sand and salt solutions as winter maintenance techniques; however, remained adequate with both. This laboratory research presents results that should be applied to field sites for verification in full scale scenarios. In general the presence of freeze-thaw cycles, moisture and winter maintenance did not lead to poor performance of the pervious concrete pavement in the laboratory.

СОВЕРШЕНСТВОВАНИЕ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ ПРОИЗВОДСТВА ТЕКСТУРИРОВАННОЙ МУКИ

The purpose of the study is to reduce energy costs for the production of textured flour by optimizing the technology of its production. Tasks: to develop a constructive and technological scheme for the production of textured flour and evaluate its technical and economic efficiency. The object of research is a technological line for the production of textured flour from wheat grain. Research was carried out at the Engineering Center of the FSBEI HE Krasnoyarsk State Agrarian University. Flour production was carried out according to two technologies, differing in that after cleaning, the grain was either extruded or pre-moistened and softened using a developed and patented grain processing device, and then extruded. The obtained extrudates were ground to obtain a textured flour. Its analysis showed a change in nutritional value. There was an increase in the content of protein, starch and fat by 4.7 %, 1.4 and 29.4 %, respectively, a decrease in the content of sugars – by 13.8 % and fiber – by 22.5 % when using preliminary grain conditionning. Based on the equipment used in production, taking into account all stages of processing of raw materials, an analysis of energy costs for the production of textured flour was carried out. The assessment of energy flows was used to justify the efficiency and feasibility of its production. To assess the energy efficiency of production, the energy income indicator E (MJ/kg) was used, showing the difference between the energy contained in the resulting product and the total energy costs invested in the production of textured flour at the stages of grain cleaning, moisturizing and tempering, extrusion and grinding. The cost of producing textured flour in the technology without pre-moistening and tempering of the grain amounted to 3.72 MJ/kg, with pre-moistening and tempering – 3.73 MJ/kg, at the same time, the energy income in the proposed technology increased and amounted to 8.81 MJ/kg. kg, compared with the original – 8.34 MJ/kg.

Materials Research Science and Engineering Centers (NSF)

Materials Research Science and Engineering Centers (NSF)

A Review of Long-Lasting Activities of the Central Engine of Gamma-Ray Bursts

A Review of Long-Lasting Activities of the Central Engine of Gamma-Ray Bursts

Feasibility of hydrological modelling for intermittent streams using HEC-HMS: a process evaluation

ABSTRACT The use of hydrological software in simulating the rainfall–runoff relationships of intermittent streams is rather unfound due to their dynamic flow regimes. This study assessed the feasibility of using Hydrologic Engineering Center – Hydrologic Modelling System (HEC-HMS), a widely used open-source hydrological modelling software, in discharge simulation of intermittent streams in a dry tropical zone. Individual calibration was required for each stream, even in adjoining sub-catchments with the same geology and climate. Event-based models with transitional periods captured seasonal variations in catchment characteristics. Strong correlations (Pearson’s r > 0.7, P < 0.05) between observed and simulated discharges indicated model success and, after calibration for one season, flows of the next (similar) season could be predicted without further adjustments. Baseflow and channel infiltration were the most sensitive parameters in the wet and dry seasons, respectively. This study demonstrated the possibility of building accurate hydrological models for intermittent streams by incorporating seasonal variations and extensive calibration.

Increasing the location accuracy of the operating unit of a three-axis metal-cutting machine tool: application of the differential geometric model of volumetric errors

The article is devoted to increasing the volumetric accuracy of multi-axis machine tools. Based on the model of measurement and calculation of the volumetric geometric error of machine tools presented by the authors, a method has been developed which allows to signifi cantly improve the accuracy of the movement of the operating unit of a three-axis metal-cutting machine tool to a given point. The astatic law and the calculation of the coordinate correction according to the differential geometric model of the volumetric error are used to control the movement of the operating unit. The developed method is implemented programmatically and allows to perform the correction in the control program represented in G-code. As a result of experiments on software correction of volumetric errors according to the developed method, conducted at the State Engineering Centre of the Moscow State University of Technology “STANKIN” on a threeaxis CNC machine tool, a signifi cant reduction (up to 90 %) of geometric volumetric errors was shown. The developed method can be used to improve the accuracy of metal-cutting machine tools by creating postprocessors that calculate corrections to the coordinates set in the control system based on the results of interferometric measurements.Keywords: volumetric accuracy, interference measurements, three-axis machine tools, machine tool accuracy, geometric errors, astatic control law, mathematical modelling, differential geometry

Constraining γ-ray dissipation site in gravitationally lensed quasar - PKS 1830−211

Abstract Variable γ-ray flares upto minute timescales reflect extreme particle acceleration sites. However, for high-redshift blazars, the detection of such rapid variations remains limited by current telescope sensitivities. Gravitationally lensed blazars serve as powerful tools to probe γ-ray production zones in distant sources, with time delays between lensed signals providing crucial insights into the spatial distribution of emission regions relative to the lens’s mass-weighted center. We have utilized 15 years of Fermi-LAT γ-ray data from direction of PKS 1830−211 to understand the origin of flaring high-energy production zone at varying flux states. To efficiently estimate the (lensed) time delay, we used a machine learning-based tool - the Gaussian Process regression algorithm, in addition to - Autocorrelation function and Double power spectrum. We found a consistent time delay across all flaring activity states, indicating a similar location for the γ-ray emission zone, possibly within the radio core. The estimated time delay of approximately 20 days for the five flaring epochs was significantly shorter than previously estimated radio delays. This suggests that the γ-ray emission zone is closer to the central engine, in contrast to the radio emission zone, which is expected to be much farther away. A linear relationship between lag and magnification has been observed in the identified source and echo flares. Our results suggest that the γ-ray emission zone originates from similar regions away from the site of radio dissipation.

Experiences of infertility among couples in Morocco.

Infertility has significant implications on health. It affects physical, emotional, and social wellbeing. In Morocco, about 12% of couples or live with infertility. In 2013 the first public Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART) Center was established at the Maternity and Reproductive Health Hospital les Orangers in Rabat, Morocco. This qualitative study explores the experiences of infertility among couples who have benefited from diagnosis and treatment at ART center. The study represents a part of the overall evaluation of this first public ART centre in Morrocco. Data were collected through in-depth patient interviews. A semi-structured interview guide was used to elicit the perspectives and experiences couples with infertility. Data collection occurred between January and March 2023. Inductive thematic analysis was conducted to explore the experiences of infertility among the couples. The study showed that couples with infertility were exposed to negative experiences such as (i) biomedical experiences (diagnostic delays, fragmented care, multiplicity of treatments), (ii) social experiences (gendered social pressures, stigma, discrimination, marital challenges, isolation and disrupted social routines), (iii) mental experiences (anger, anxiety, depression, and mood changes) as well as (iv) financial limitations (out of pocket payments and financial indebtedness). Solutions addressing these challenging experiences were suggested by interviewed couples including continued quality and respectful care to enhance biomedical experiences; public education campaigns to educate the public and destigmatize infertility to improve social experience, inclusion of psychosocial services as part of fertility integrated care to enhance psychological experiences, and enhanced financial protection, and service decentralisation to mitigate negative financial pressures. Couples with infertility are exposed to various challenges in the biomedical, social, psychological, and financial domains. A health system strengthening approach is essential to address those challenges, and multiple strategies are needed to improve the experiences of couples with infertility in Morocco. Given interconnectedness between biomedical, social, psychological, and financial divers of experiences, a holistic approach is required to comprehensively improve the experiences of infertile couples and address all the issues faced by couples during their treatment journey.

A 15 YEAR PERFORMANCE AND EVALUATION OF CRCP EXPERIMENTAL ROAD

This study presents a comprehensive 15-year evaluation of the Continuously Reinforced Concrete Pavement (CRCP) implemented in the Nakayama Bypass on National Highway Route 112. Spearheaded by a collaborative effort from The Nippon Road Co., Ltd., the Tohoku Regional Construction Bureau, Road Management Technology Center, Tohoku Branch, and Rainbow Consultants Co., Ltd., the research aims to assess the long-term performance, durability, and maintenance requirements of CRCP under various traffic and environmental conditions. The methodology encompasses detailed inspections and performance analyses, including pavement condition surveys, crack mapping, deflection measurements, and structural integrity assessments. This longitudinal study also integrates advanced evaluation techniques to understand the CRCP's behavior over its service life, focusing on crack propagation, load transfer efficiency, and overall pavement stability. Results indicate that CRCP, with its design and construction innovations, exhibits superior durability and performance compared to traditional pavement types. Notably, the CRCP section demonstrated remarkable resistance to traffic-induced stresses and environmental impacts, showcasing minimal maintenance needs over the 15-year period. The study also highlights the importance of initial quality control and precise construction practices as key factors contributing to the pavement's longevity and reduced lifecycle costs. Conclusively, the findings advocate for the broader adoption of CRCP in road infrastructure, emphasizing its cost-effectiveness and sustainability benefits. This research contributes valuable insights into pavement engineering, offering a robust evidence base for future CRCP projects and innovations in pavement technology. (Abstract generated by AI tool ChatGPT 4)

Tinjauan Parameter Temperatur, Kecepatan Angin dan Nitrogen Dioksida (No2) di Terminal Mardika Kota Ambon

Background. City Ambon is Mother city province Maluku Which consists of from 5 sub-district, and has a population that is increasing day by day Which not balanced with the area. The density of motorized vehicles is increasing also increased with the presence of various vehicles. This will potentially increase the level of pollution air Which caused by by a number of pollutant Which produced from disposal smoke motorized. Objective. For know quality air ambient at Mardika terminal Ambon city. Methods. Type study This is study descriptive that is study about inspection level nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ) at the terminal Mardika city Ambon, with study direct to field For to obtain sample Which Then done examination at the Environmental Health Technology Center (BTKL) Laboratory, Ambon. Results. Measurement temperature at the terminal Mardika Ambon Sunday First 39.9 ºC, Sunday second -34.4 ºC, Sunday third 34.2 ºC, Sunday fourth 29.4 ºC. Measurement speed wind in terminal Mardika Ambon on Sunday First 0.3-1.7 m/sec, Sunday second 1.8 m/s, Sunday third 0.3-1.7 m/sec, Sunday fourth 1.2-3.9 m/sec. Measurement level NO 2 in terminal Mardika Ambon that is Sunday First &lt;5.22 µg/Mm³, Sunday second &lt;5.22 µg/Nm³, Sunday third &lt;5.22 µg/Nm³, Sunday fourth &lt;5.22 µg/Nm³. Conclusion. Measurement Temperature, Speed Wind and Nitrogen Dioxide (NO 2 ) all results measurement fulfil standard.

PREVALENCE OF INTRINSIC CAPACITY IMPAIRMENTS AMONG ELDERLY PEOPLE BASED ON THE ICOPE SCREENING RESULTS

Introduction. Improving the quality of medical and preventive care for elderly patients is an important and timely task. Ensuring access to quality medical care that takes into account the specific needs of older people was proclaimed in the Concept of 'Integrated Care for Older People' (ICOPE), developed in 2017. It is a key element of the 'Decade of Healthy Ageing'—the action plan of the World Health Organization (WHO) Global Strategy for 2020-2030. Aim. To study the prevalence of intrinsic capacity impairments among older age groups based on the results of ICOPE screening. Materials and methods. In 2023, a prospective study (selective, cross-sectional) was conducted at the State Institution of Science “Center of innovative healthcare technologies” State Administrative Department to assess functional impairments of intrinsic capacity among patients from older age groups using the adapted questionnaire (WHO ICOPE). The study involved 577 individuals over 60, including 238 men (41.2%) and 339 women (58.8%). Results and discussion. Among 318 individuals aged 60-74 years (127 men and 191 women), 97.2% (95% CI 94.7-98.5) had various impairments, with the most common being vision problems (95.9%; CI 93.1-97.6), followed by symptoms of depression (63.8%; CI 58.4-68.9), and hearing loss (34.6%; CI 29.6-40.0). Reduced motor activity and cognitive abilities were found in 15.4% (CI 11.9-19.8) and 9.1% (CI 6.4-12.8) of participants, respectively, while nutritional disorders were present in 8.8% (CI 6.2-12.4). In the group aged 75-89 years (250 individuals), all participants had impairments, with the most common being vision problems (98.4%; CI 96.0-99.4), followed by symptoms of depression (64.8%; CI 58.7-70.5) and hearing loss (44.0%; CI 38.0-50.2). In the 90+ age group (9 individuals), impairments were found in 100% (CI 70.1-100.0) of cases, with the highest frequency of vision problems and depression (100%). The frequency of cognitive impairments and reduced motor activity significantly increases with age (p&lt;0.001). Conclusions. Implementing screening tools is a priority in diagnosing intrinsic capacity impairments in older age groups. The WHO screening tool “Integrated Care for Older People” (ICOPE) enables the effective detection of key disorders associated with reduced intrinsic capacity, allowing for the assessment of their prevalence, planning further diagnosis, and organizing long-term home care based on the collaboration of medical and social services.

Flood Inundation Modelling and Reduction by Dike Construction in Urban Areas: A Case Study in Erbil, Iraqi Kurdistan

In recent years, Erbil has faced an elevated risk of floods due to climate change and incorrect land development design and management. To tackle this issue, this study uses Hydrologic Engineering Center River Analysis System (HEC-RAS) software to address flood inundation and reduction by constructing dikes. This involved using a digital elevation model (DEM) in the study area (Mass Village) east of Erbil. The study delineated the catchment area and employed watershed modelling system (WMS) software. Furthermore, Hydrologic Engineering Center Hydrologic Modeling System (HEC-HMS) software was used to create a flood hydrograph, which the HEC-RAS software used to estimate flood inundation areas, velocity, and water levels. The study identified water surface areas and velocities prone to flooding in the urbanised area, with water depths ranging from 0 to 5 m. The model was rerun after the construction of the dikes, resulting in water depths ranging from 0 to 7.2 m upstream of the dikes. The modelling results indicated a water depth of 0 m downstream of the dike (protected area), demonstrating that the dike's construction successfully reduced flooding in the urbanised area.

VIDEO-BASED LEARNING IN THE DIGITAL AGE: CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES

The research is devoted to the study of the utmost issue of enhancing the digitalisation of modern education through video-based learning. On the basis of scientific and methodic literature review, legislation and statistics analysis, and observation of best practices the essential findings of the study have been done. The article deals with video as a learning tool. The etymology of the notion “video” is considered. The study reveals the evolution of video as an audiovisual aid in chronological order. The Ukrainian state policy aimed at video-based learning integration, support, and development is scrutinized. A review of a wide range of vivid educational resources (e.g., the English language curriculum, coursebook “Speakout”, the activity of All-Ukrainian Online School, scientific and pedagogical project “Intellect”, Center for Distance Learning Technologies of Kyiv Borys Hrinchenko University, online platforms Prometheus, EdEra, Diia.Education, application Leya AI) has been done to illustrate the role of video as a pivotal learning tool in the present day. To state the frequency, benefits, and challenges of video use, a questionnaire was designed. A survey was conducted among 67 people, including teenagers, youth, and adults. The findings have showcased the transformation of learning with the aid of video nowadays. The evolution of video has been traced by the development of techniques of its use from 1895 to 2024 including demonstration (e.g. motion pictures, silent movies), explanation (e.g. feature-length movies with sound and colour), engagement (e.g. television, live broadcast real-world scenarios), interaction (e.g. online videos), personalisation (e.g. AI tutors, streaming videos). The didactic value of video-based learning for personal, academic and professional knowledge, skills, and competencies enhancement has been presented in the article. The weaknesses and strengths of using videos for learning have been outlined by the author.