Sports Center Research Articles

Effects of Sports Center Employees’ Self-Leadership on Organizational Commitment: Mediating Effects of Leader-Member Exchange

Considering that the role of leadership is still essential for a corporate organization to grow and develop continuously, self-leadership based on a sense of ownership is emerging as the ideal leadership required of organizational members. However, despite the great efforts of academia in investigating the effectiveness of self-leadership in various industrial fields, prior literature on self-leadership in the context of sports center organizations seems to be limited. The objective of the present study was to examine the influence of sports center employees’ self-leadership on leader-member exchange (LMX) and organizational commitment and the mediation role of LMX in the relationship between self-leadership and organizational commitment. A total of 172 Korean sports center employees participated in the present study. The results indicated that sports center employees’ self-leadership significantly impacted LMX and organizational commitment, and LMX positively affected organizational commitment. Additionally, sports center employees’ LMX had an important partial mediation role in the relationship between self-leadership and organizational commitment. Consequently, the current study’s findings provide sports center organizations with practical implications for enhancing organizational effectiveness.

Energy-Saving Benefits of Air-Source Heat Pump-Assisted Solar Water Heating Systems in Large Stadiums

With the rising trend of national sports, sports events are more and more favored by people and many large stadiums have emerged as the times require. Due to the particularity of sports, large stadiums are often equipped with independent hot water preparation systems for the convenience of sports enthusiasts. However, the traditional hot water preparation process not only consumes a lot of energy but also brings a lot of potential environmental pollution, which seriously violates the original intention of hot water preparation. Solar energy is clean energy that can be recycled and has a promising market prospect, but its heat production is greatly affected by the weather. Based on this, the paper has proposed a new solar water heating system (SWHS) that relies on the assistance of an air source heat pump (ASHP), aiming to solve the problem of hot water preparation in large sports stadiums from both economic and stability aspects. Taking the Xi’an Olympic Sports Center as an example, the article established the ASHP-aided SWHS and analyzed the differences between the system and other hot water preparation methods in terms of energy efficiency and benefits in terms of economy and environment. The results of the study showed that the energy replacement factor of the ASHP-aided SWHS reached 0.91, which was equivalent to replacing 91% of the annual conventional energy use in one year with this system, with significant energy-saving benefits. This demonstrates the high applicability and energy efficiency of the ASHP-aided SWHS in large sports stadiums.

Case Study: RTU on the Way to Participate in Race to Zero Challenge

Race to Zero challenge is a world-wide activity for the universities and colleges to foster the climate goals. This paper analyses the potential of Riga Technical University (RTU) for this action. Different renewable energy sources (PV, wind generators) have been discussed to be installed around the RTU campus. The profiles of electric power consumption are analysed for one faculty and sport centre. The consumption profiles show the amount of power demanded during the working hours, weekends and at night. Energy yield assessment on the roofs is made for two buildings where the configuration of PV panel placement and orientation are analysed that in turn is reflected in the energy generation profile. SCADA system is considered as a monitoring and control tool to visualize power generation and control of the power flow within the system elements.

Salivary Human Herpesvirus 6 And 7 Are Possible High Reactive Markers To Physical Stressors

Physical fatigue accompanying intensive training is a common problem in athletes; thus, the proper assessment is necessary for effective conditioning. For objective assessment, salivary cortisol is one of the representative stress markers, but it might be low sensitivity to physical stressors. Nowadays, salivary human herpesvirus 6 and 7 (HHV-6/7) have been attracted attention as “microbiological markers” which have high sensitivity to physical stressors. PURPOSE: To investigate the variabilities of salivary HHV-6/7 and cortisol levels in athletes along with physical and psychological sub-parameters. METHODS: This observational study was conducted during a three-day training camp. We enrolled 14 healthy male university judo athletes. Saliva and blood samples were collected at pre- and post-training each day. Main measures were salivary HHV-6/7 and cortisol levels. Simultaneously, the plasma superoxide dismutase inhibition rates and total mood disturbance scores in the Profile of Mood States were measured as sub-parameters of physical and psychological stressors, respectively. Two-way repeated ANOVA was used to determine the main effects of training (pre- vs. post-training) and elapsed day (vs. each day), and those interaction. RESULTS: According to sub-parameters, the physical stressors were relatively higher than the psychological stressors during the training camp. Table 1 shows the data of salivary HHV-6/7 and cortisol levels. Salivary HHV-6/7 levels increased post-training with a significant main effect of training, but no changes were observed in the daily levels. Salivary cortisol levels showed a significant main effect of training, though its levels decreased post-training. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that salivary HHV-6/7 are more sensitive than cortisol for assessment of physical stressors. Supported by the High Performance Sport Center Total Conditioning Research Project from JAPAN SPORT COUNCIL.

An approach of energy self-sufficiency at sports facilities

Sports facilities are special cases of large-scale building complexes that demand large amounts of energy and power. This is due to the specific requirements of the thermal energy and the different kind of several activities that need considerable high load demands in relatively short time. Energy self-sufficiency of a building complex is defined as the ability to fulfil its own energy needs. This paper evaluates the energy consumption of the Olympic Athletic Center of Athens and proposes ways to support and enhance its operation, introducing the self-sufficiency concept, where load demand will be served by energy sources from the internal grid of the sport center, targeting to the highest possible autonomous operation. To achieve the minimum imports from the utility grid, the paper proposes the operation of a CHP unit and the installation of photovoltaics (PV), with the support of battery storage system and the existing gensets of the facility.

PUSAT OLAHRAGA PANAHAN BANJARBARU

An Archery sports center is a place to accommodate various types of archery activities with a wider scope. The design focuses on the goal of building facilities to develop the sport. The existence of this goal is based on the problem of the archery room that can threaten the environment. To overcome this, we need a design that is recreational, has educational value and provides a place to compete. By using a programmatic architectural approach, an architect will find it easier to analyze and create a more representative archery design.

회원제 스포츠센터의 가치지각이 고객행동에 미치는 영향

The purpose of this research was to identify a relationship between customer value perception and behavior intention of membership sports center. To achieve the goal, samples were collected from membership sports centers in 6 different cities (H city, B city, S city, F city, C city and L city) in Anhui province, China with convenience sampling method. Collected data were analyzed by SPSS 24.0. statistical program with frequency analysis, correlation analysis, and multiple linear regression analysis. The results derived from this research are as follows. First, emotional value and social recognition were statistically significant, but functional value was not significant. Second, emotional value social recognition, functional value was statistically significant. Third, emotional value, social recognition, functional value and oral intention were statistically significant.

P07-08 The City of Antibes' Prescription Sports plan, the first « Health Sports Centre » in the Alpes-Maritimes department

Today, Antibes is obviously the « Health and Sport city ». Demographic and epidemiological studies reveal problems of ageing and isolation of elderly people; often they are subject to serious health consequences and triggering the loss of autonomy. Precariousness and social isolation also enhance the occurence or deterioration of certain health problems (cardiovascular diseases, cancers, depression, etc.). All these factors lead to a growth of long term illnesses.Following a national law health system modernisation in 2017, the City of Antibes, the Hospital Centre and the Regional Medical and Sport Centre have set up a program called “Pass Form Santé” dedicated to “Prescription Sports”.What does it consist of? Who are the beneficiaries? What are the means implemented?This unique and innovative program in the Alpes Maritimes aims to help people with chronic diseases to improve their health and the way of taking medication. It is to guide them to an adapted physical practice of activity at a regular, secure and progressive way on the recommendation of an attending physician.The City of Antibes has all the resources to enable the implementation of this program: multi-disciplinary local municipal establishments, well trained human resources in different adapted physical activities, and a substantial network of sport and medical-social partners. Since 2017, 135 people have joined the “Pass Form Santé” program. 47% of prescriptions came from liberal or specialist doctors, 31% from hospitals and 22% from the Medical-Sportive Centre of Antibes. The breakdown of pathologies shows a majority cases in cardiology and oncology.Qualitative result on the beneficiaries' health is unequivocal. The program allows them to feel better physically and morally. This “Pass Form Santé” program perfectly meets their expectations and allows them to get closer to an autonomous practice or to join any associative sports network.The city of Antibes, together with its partners, has known how to create this innovative program called “Pass Form Santé” in order to develop prescription sports. It serves as a common link between beneficiaries, the medical professionals and the associative sport networks in order to encourage people with a chronic disease to resume physical activity.

Influence of considering substructures on seismic performances of suspen-dome structure

In order to investigate the influence of substructures on the seismic performance of the suspen-dome structure, taking the suspen-dome roof structure of the Lanzhou Olympic sports centre complex as the prototype, a method that replaces complex concrete substructures of the prototype structure with steel substructures in shaking table tests was proposed and a scale model considering substructures was established. First, the natural frequencies of the test model were compared with the modal analysis results of the prototype structure considering the scale ratio. Then, an integral numerical model considering substructures was established using Abaqus – the results of modal analysis and dynamic time history analysis were compared with the test results. Finally, two simplified numerical models with boundary conditions of fixed bearings and three-directional hinged bearings were established. The seismic performances of simplified models and the integral model were compared. It is observed that the method of considering complex concrete substructures of the prototype structure in the shaking table test is accurate and effective. In addition, the numerical model and the modelling method are correct. Moreover, the substructure has a significant impact on the seismic performance of the suspen-dome. The substructure should be considered in the analysis and design stages.

Shaking Table Test Research on the Influence of Center-Hung Scoreboard on Natural Vibration Characteristics and Seismic Response of Suspen-Dome Structures

The center-hung scoreboard is a large electronic display device, that usually has a significant weight and is flexibly suspended from the roof of the gymnasium. The suspen-dome structure is one of the common roof structures of gymnasiums. In order to investigate the effect of the center-hung scoreboard on the natural vibration characteristics and seismic response, including acceleration, displacement, and strain, of the suspen-dome structure and considering that the dynamic behavior of the structure under seismic action can be realistically reflected, a shaking table test was carried out based on the suspen-dome structure of the Gymnasium of the Lanzhou Olympic Sports Center. Firstly, according to the size of the shaking table, a dynamic scale model with a geometric similarity ratio of 1:20 was established. After that, the white noise excitation test and numerical modal analysis were conducted on the models with and without the center-hung scoreboard to compare the two modes’ natural vibration characteristics. Furthermore, the earthquake simulation test was carried out on the models with and without a center-hung scoreboard, and their various seismic responses, including acceleration, displacement, and strain, were compared and analyzed. Finally, the acceleration response and displacement response of the center-hung scoreboard were investigated. The results show that the higher-order natural frequencies of the suspen-dome structure will increase when the center-hung scoreboard is suspended from the roof, and the swing of the center-hung scoreboard will be excited first in the low-order mode. In addition, the various seismic responses, including acceleration, displacement, and strain, of the model with the center-hung scoreboard are all increased compared to the model without the center-hung scoreboard. Meanwhile, the influence of the center-hung scoreboard on the seismic response of the suspen-dome structure decreases from the inner ring to the outer ring of the structure. Moreover, under the action of an earthquake, the acceleration response and displacement response of the center-hung scoreboard are both extremely high. Considering the center-hung scoreboard in the analysis and design stage of the suspen-dome structure is necessary.

Economic Assessment of Photovoltaics Sizing on a Sports Center’s Microgrid Equipped with PEV Chargers

Large sports centers are characterized by special energy demand profiles compared to other facilities. The aim of this work is to assess the economic investment of photovoltaics (PVs) on a sport center microgrid using different charging methods and by efficiently exploiting the PV generation. The overall work is performed in the following three steps. The first step is the energy requirement analysis, the second focuses on a PEV charging strategy proposition in order to exploit the PV generation, grid electricity price, and Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G), and the third step is the net present value (NPV) analysis of the PV investment in the different scenarios. The simulations showed that the proposed charging strategy increases the NPV. In addition, the increment of PEV penetration rate leads to the maximization of the NPV. The energy and costs analysis are carried out for an application case in the Olympic Athletic Centre of Athens.

Performance assessment and multi-objective optimization of a geothermal-based tri-generation system in hot Summer Continental Climate: Tianjin case study

Considerable interest in the investigation of energy supply systems that effectively utilize renewable energies is being aroused due to the shortage of fossil energy and serious environmental pollution. Geothermal energy is a considered as a promising alternative to fossil energy due to its advantages of large reserves, good stability, and strong sustainability. This paper developed a geothermal-driven tri-generation system to generate power and supply heating and cooling demand. The tri-generation system is composed of an absorption refrigeration cycle, a heat exchange cycle, and an organic Rankine cycle. The paper begins with an introduction to the thermodynamic, economic, and environment models of the presented system. The effects of the geothermal water parameters on the system performance were originally investigated based on the actual data of a sports center (zero energy building). This building is located in Jiefang South Road, Tianjin, which belong to Hot Summer Continental Climate. In addition, the multi-objective optimization of this system was carried out based on the TOPISIS decision-making method considering economic and environmental criteria. The minimum payback period and maximum carbon emission reduction were chosen as the optimization factors. Finally, the optimal temperature of geothermal water is obtained and the exergy analysis was performed under the optimal conditions. The results indicate that the presented system possesses an optimal geothermal water temperature of 83 °C. Under this temperature, the total thermal efficiency in cooling season and heating season were 41.17 % and 84.93 %, respectively. The exergy efficiency in cooling season and heating season were 47.28 % and 62.23 %, respectively. Our proposed system has equivalent annual operating cost of 12.9 k$/year, with a payback period (PBP) of 2.57 years and carbon emission reduction of 2379 ton/year. The condenser and evaporator need to be improved in terms of large exergy loss rate and low exergy efficiency.

Water Reuse in a Municipal Sports Center

Two potential measures for increasing water use efficiency in a municipal sports center were evaluated: (1) the reuse of water originating from showers in the flushing toilets in the indoor football court building; and (2) the reuse of water from swimming pool filter backwashing for irrigation. In the indoor football court building the total annual water consumption is around 3,500.5 m3 and from the showers is approximately 1,785.26 m3. Therefore, the greywater generated in showers can be reused in toilet flushing, which consumes about 840.12 m3 per year. The estimated annual water consumption for filter backwashing is 4,197.6 m3. The annual amount of water necessary for irrigating the lawn of the local football stadium is around 7,200 m³. Thus, the filter backwashed water, after being subjected to a sedimentation process, could be fully reused for this purpose.
 Keywords: water efficiency, water reuse, swimming pools filter backwashing reuse, sports center, sustainability

Effects regularly exercising in two different PM2.5 concentration

Performing exercise or physical activities for a long duration under the exposure of air pollution becomes an unhealthy combination and will increase the risks of the individual inhaling more pollutant. Studies that examine an individual performing physical activities regularly in two public sport centers with different levels of air pollution have not been extensively documented, therefore the purpose of this study is to evaluate effects of regular exercise on aerobic capacity, force vital capacity (FVC), and hematological profile among individuals in an environment with similar climatic characteristics but different concentrations of air pollution. This trial composed 15 males (age range from 16 to 18) from Bandung City, Indonesia. Two public sport centers with similar climatic conditions (temperature, and humidity), but different concentrations of air pollutants are selected. Participants performed exercises three times a week for three consecutive weeks at each research site, with a two-week break. Participants’ aerobic capacity, respiratory capacity, and blood sample are measured before and after they exercised at each site. The measured parameters in both sites are compared and analyzed. Aerobic capacity, FVC, and RBC after participants exrcised in the area with lower air pollution show higher value than exercised in the area with higher air pollution. Manwhile WBC is shown to be high after participants exercised in the area with higher air pollution. This happened because air pollution has effect to human physiological characteristics. This research shows that exercising at sport center with high air pollution had negative effect on hematology profile and could affect the development of aerobic and respiratory capacities. The limitations in this study are the unknown intensity when doing regular physical exercise so that in future studies it is recommended to determine whether the intensity will affect the variables in the research subject.

CUSTOMER RETENTION ANALYSIS - AN EXAMPLE OF A FITNESS CENTER

In present research we attempted to find out what influences fitness centre users' decisions to prolong fitness membership. We called users whose tickets had expired (n=57). We were interested in what factors influence a user to purchase a membership again and whether we could influence this decision with a phone call. Using logistic regression, we found that user age and experience with the receptor did not influence the decision to retain and repurchase. We found that we can influence a user's intention to repurchase if we call them less than 30 days after the membership expires. After 30 days, there is a good chance that the user has already purchased a ticket at another sports centre and will not return it. Users who were called and confirmed over the phone that they would come back and purchase the ticket again did so. We recommend that sports centre managers create a customer loyalty program and call them when the membership expires.

Evaluation of a Hybrid Cardiovascular Rehabilitation Program in Acute Coronary Syndrome Low-Risk Patients Organised in Both Cardiac Rehabilitation and Sport Centres: A Model Feasibility Study.

The aim of the study was to investigate the efficiency, the feasibility, and the safety of a hybrid cardiovascular rehabilitation program in low-risk acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients. Sixty low-risk patients with stable clinical status who experienced an ACS in the previous 3 months were included in a 3-week rehabilitation program. The patients were randomized either to a group performing the rehabilitation totally in a rehabilitation centre or partially (only the first 5 days) and then in sport centres equipped for supervised adapted physical activities. The sport centres were located in the vicinity of the patient’s home. Both rehabilitation programs entailed endurance and resistance training and educational therapy. Before and after rehabilitation, cardiorespiratory functions were measured. Similar and significant improvements in peak O2 and power output were seen in patients after both types of rehabilitation (p < 0.05). No particular complications were associated with both of our programs. We conclude that a hybrid rehabilitation program in low-risk ACS patients is feasible, safe, and as beneficial as a traditional program organised in a rehabilitation centre, at least in a short-term. A longitudinal follow-up should nevertheless be organised to examine the long-term impacts of this hybrid rehabilitation program.

HIIT system programming and some practical problems of its application examined within the sample of selected Czech probands in Brno

High Intensity Interval Training is a training method based on a combination of periods in which high-intensity load alternate with low-intensity exercise or passive rest, the so-called rest interval or inactive phase. Nowadays it is gaining more popularity among the general population and is applied in modern fitness centers. The authors found that more than 95 % sports centers organizing group lessons in Brno offer some form of HIIT (“Tabata System”, especially). Changing one of the HIIT components will affect the efficiency of the whole system. This effect is demonstrable on the aerobic and anaerobic performance and the composition of body tissues. Our goal within the broad research is to find out what effect changing one variable has on the most widely used HIIT program, and we wanted to examine whether the method is suitable for recreational athletes.The authors have made the first step in the form of pilot research described in this article, trying to design the system and applying the components in it. The experiment involved twenty deliberately selected male probands. They were randomly divided into two intervention groups of ten probands. In both intervention groups, we observed: number of repetitions performed, subjective load assessment (on the Borg scale) and heart rate. The original design of the pilot study included three training units per week for two weeks (a total of six training units). Basic multiple articulated exercises (Burpees and Jump Squats) were selected for both sets in these protocols in order to achieve key intensity for HIIT. There were some limitations of the experiment described in the article.The result of the first pilot study was essential concerning the adequacy of the cycle settings. The authors were forced to stop the piloting after the completion of the first week due to the acute overtraining of the probands. The reason to stop the experiment is attributed to an inadequate frequency of training units in individual weeks, which we reflected in the design of the following pilot study and reduced the number to two. The authors have kept the research questions and present the results of the modified piloting below.It can be assumed that the prolongation of the rest interval has an impact on the ability to perform repeated exercises, heart rate and subjective perception of stress in selected exercises. These results of our pilot research are also related to people's desire to get as much as possible in as little (time) as possible. The HIIT method is (in many aspects) more effective than the continuous method. Its undeniable advantage is time saving, but efficiency is "redeemed" by intensity and demanding character (proved not just in the described experiments). Where is the line between benefit sport and health-threatening sport? What is the "correct" HIIT setting/programming and what causes a change in one of the key variables? Is less sometimes more or more demanding means more effective? Respecting people's demands and desires for performance, mental fitness and physical beauty, with regard to sustainability and health above all, we will seek answers to all these questions. The first step towards finding them is the study carried out.

생활체육지도자의 매너리즘과 직업의식 및 이직의도의 관계

Purpose: The purpose of this research is to investigate a structural relation between mannerism, professional consciousness and turnover intention of life sports instructors.BR Method: In order to achieve this objective, 255 life sports instructors working at sports centers across Seoul and Gyeonggi Province as of 2021 were selected for analysis. In terms of the sampling method, the study used convenience sampling and extracted 253 subjects for analysis. Data processing was analyzed and verified with the SPSS 23.0 version and Amos 23.0 version for PC Windows.BR Results: The results of this study are as follows. First, the mannerism of life sports instructors affected professional consciousness negatively (-). Second, mannerism of life sports instructors affected turnover intentions positively (+). Third, professional consciousness of life sports instructors affected turnover intentions negatively (-).BR Conclusion: In summary, the mannerism of life sports instructors has an influence on turnover intentions through professional consciousness. Therefore, this study provides the fact that the mannerism of life sports instructors is a major factor in understanding the overall process of turnover intention. Furthermore, in order to minimize the turnover intention of life sports instructors, the study explains that relaxation efforts to mannerism and the promotion of professional consciousness are the most important issues.

Geriatric Craniomaxillofacial Fractures: Where do They Happen and Why?

The geriatric population is a constantly growing population that is especially vulnerable to trauma. The primary purpose of this study was to determine what factors are associated with increased rates of hospital admission in geriatric patients who sustain craniomaxillofacial fractures secondary to falls. This is a 5-year retrospective cross-sectional study that was conducted using the NEISS database. There were several, heterogenous predictor variables. The primary outcome variable was admission rate, which was used as a proxy to the severity of injury. Patient and injury characteristics were compared using chi-square and independent-sample t-tests. Binary logistic regression was conducted to determine the risk of hospital admission. The final sample included 2,879 cases in total. The mean age of the study sample was 78.8years (SD, 8.6years). Most patients were white (51.6%) females (64.2%) who were injured at their respective homes (58.7%). Relative to injuries that took place at a sports center, injuries that took place at the patient's home (OR, 2.52; P<.05) independently increased the risk for admission. Relative to maxilla fracture, orbital bone fracture (OR, 3.91; P<.05) was an independent risk factor for admission. Relative to lacerations, intracranial injuries (OR, 3.76; P<.01) increased the risk of admission. Craniomaxillofacial fractures that took place at the patients' home were at increased risk for admission. Orbital bone fractures and intracranial injuries were at increased risk for admission. From our, and other studies findings, screening and fall prevention interventions should be implemented amongst the geriatric population.

BIM Technology in Application of Structure Construction in Hubei Olympic Sports Center

With the rapid development of modern large-span and large-complex steel structure buildings, at present the Building Information Modeling (BIM) technology plays an important role from the design to the construction of a building. This study takes the Comprehensive Gymnasium of Hubei Olympic Sports Center as the carrier and introduce the BIM technology from two aspects; The technology; and the management. Further, the optimal application of BIM technology in the complex component nodes, the technical guidance of component processing, and the correction and verification of drawings were emphatically analyzed in this paper. An engineering practice shows that the application of BIM technology has greatly improved the production efficiency, shortened the construction period, reduced unnecessary cost, and lastly laid a solid foundation for the smooth completion of the project.