Event Centrality Research Articles

CANCER. Is this Forever? Examining the Relationship Between Event Centrality and Fear of Cancer Recurrence from a Cognitive-Behavioral Standpoint

The purpose of this study was to test a moderated mediation model. We first looked into whether fear of a cancer recurrence mediated the effect of time since diagnosis on trauma centrality, a concept rendering the impact of cancer on one’s self-identity. Secondly, we looked into whether the indirect effect would depend on the stage of diagnosis. We expected a more pronounced indirect effect for early stages as opposed to late stages. We acquired data from 234 cancer survivors (78.02% female; Mage= 35.58), who received a cancer diagnosis, were undergoing cancer treatment or had finished their treatment. Together with demographics and basic medical information, participants completed the Fear of Cancer Recurrence Inventory Short Form (FCRI-SF) and the Centrality of Event Scale – the Short - Form (CED-SF). In line with our expectations, the results confirmed an indirect effect of fear of cancer recurrence which was stronger for survivors in the early stage of diagnosis (i.e., I, II) as compared to those in the late stage (i.e., III, IV). Conclusions and Future Directions. The study emphasizes the significance of taking into account both the disease stage at diagnosis and the length of time since diagnosis when creating interventions to help cancer survivors address their fear of cancer recurrence. Theoretical ramifications and interpretive limitations are presented.

Gerotranscendence and satisfaction with life: contributions of the centrality of events and religiosity

Tornstam identified a potential maturation process during aging that leads to a new vision and understanding of life, which he called gerotranscendence and which proved to be linked to the maintenance of well-being levels. Although his contributions have aroused considerable interest, they have also prompted much criticism. In order to empirically explore the proposal, an incidental sample of 370 Argentine adults was administered a battery of instruments that evaluated: age, spiritual transcendence, life satisfaction, centrality of events, and religiosity. The results indicate that age partially explains spiritual transcendence, just as age partially explains life satisfaction. However, the relationship between age and spiritual transcendence is not exclusive to old age. On the other hand, in the exploration of latent variables at chronological age, the centrality of events makes it possible to partially explain both the variance of spiritual transcendence and life satisfaction. While religiosity, in its socio-community contribution, is excluded from the explanatory model of gerotranscendence. Future studies should delve into the possible latent variables at chronological age and the socio-community contributions that could add to the understanding of the link between aging, spiritual transcendence and well-being.

The Mediating Role of Trauma Centrality in the Correlation Between Coping Self-Efficacy and Posttraumatic Growth Level of Disaster Volunteers.

Volunteers who respond to disasters play a crucial role in disaster management. However, their indirect exposure to traumatic events during their duties can adversely affect their mental health. The aim of the study was to determine the correlation among trauma centrality, coping self-efficacy, and posttraumatic growth and trauma centrality as possible mediator role in this relationship. A total of 112 disaster volunteers participated. The data were collected with a Demographic Form, the Centrality of Events Scale, the Post-Traumatic Growth Scale, and the Coping Self-Efficacy Scale. Disaster volunteers exhibited above average event centrality, high levels of posttraumatic growth, and coping self-efficacy. A positive correlation was identified among trauma centrality, posttraumatic growth, and coping self-efficacy, with trauma centrality playing a full mediating role. This study will be instrumental in better understanding the posttraumatic processes of disaster volunteers and in strengthening coping capacities, guiding the implementation of preventive and protective psychosocial interventions.

A role for event centrality in prolonged grief disorder.

Having a traumatic or negative event at the centre of one's identity is associated with adverse psychological outcomes including post-traumatic stress, depression, and prolonged grief disorder (PGD). However, direct investigation of the role of centrality of a bereavement-event in the maintenance of PGD symptoms is scarce and has not compared immediate and long-term changes in event centrality nor examined the nature of the loss. Data from bereaved partners and adult children in The Aarhus Bereavement Study at four time points over 26months post-loss were included in this study. Participants completed a PGD symptom measure and the Centrality of Events Scale (CES) on each occasion. Results suggest that bereaved partners had higher PGD and CES scores than bereaved adult children at all four post-bereavement time points. Regardless of relationship type, maintaining higher CES scores over time predicted PGD symptoms, over and above initial symptoms. Our findings suggest a risk factor for maintaining PGD symptoms is the continued centrality of the bereavement to ones' life story and autobiographical memory. This finding links the mechanisms for maintaining PGD symptoms to those involved in other disorders such as post-traumatic stress, with implications for theoretical models of prolonged grief as well as treatment.

Relations between trauma-based subgroups and posttrauma health outcomes: A latent class analysis.

In trauma research, it is common for researchers to characterize participants as either "trauma exposed" or "not trauma exposed" regardless of nuanced differences of the potentially traumatic event (PTE). To our knowledge, no study has simultaneously examined differences across both PTEs and exposure types. Using latent class analysis, we investigated latent homogeneous subgroups of individuals following experiences of 16 PTEs via three exposure types (i.e., direct, indirect, and/or occupational). We further examined class differences regarding posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptom clusters, event centrality, depression, and anxiety. Our sample included 2,663 participants (Mage = 22.33; 56.0% female). Results indicated four latent subgroups: (a) occupational trauma (OT), (b) direct interpersonal trauma (DIT), (c) indirect trauma (IT), and (d) low trauma exposure (LTE). Individuals in the OT class reported the highest levels of all symptoms except for PTSD avoidance and event centrality (which were highest in the DIT class), and individuals in the LTE class reported the lowest levels of all symptoms. Several nuanced between-class differences were found regarding posttrauma outcomes. Findings further support the notion that dichotomizing participants as "trauma exposed" or "not trauma exposed" is overly simplistic and ignores important variability in trauma research. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

The Effect of Centrality of Event on the Spiritual Wellbeing for Bereavement in the Middle-aged: A Test of Multiple Mediation Model on the Intentional Rumination and Meaning Reconstruction

The Effect of Centrality of Event on the Spiritual Wellbeing for Bereavement in the Middle-aged: A Test of Multiple Mediation Model on the Intentional Rumination and Meaning Reconstruction

War's unseen wounds: Physical proximity to the war, event centrality, and PTSD symptoms in the context of Russian-Ukrainian armed conflict: A moderating model.

The present study investigated the factors associated with posttraumatic stress manifestations among the civilian population in the proximity of the war between Russia and Ukraine, which commenced on February 24, 2022. We aimed to test the moderating role of proximity to the war on the relationships between event centrality and intrusion, avoidance, and hyperarousal. The research was conducted on a sample of 676 participants (23.4% males and 76.6% females) aged between 18 and 56 years old (M = 33.88; SD = 10.66). The participants consisted of civilians residing either within Ukraine or outside its borders, with a maximum distance of 100 km from the border at the onset of the conflict. They completed questionnaires designed to assess event centrality and symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder. The results of the present study highlighted the role of both psychological and physical proximity to the war in predicting posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms of intrusions and hyperarousal. Also, event centrality interacted with the physical distance to the war in predicting intrusions and avoidance. The present study contributes to the understanding of the studied variables in the context of the war between Ukraine and Russia, as well as to a deeper comprehension of how physical proximity is related to individual emotional outcomes. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Healthcare workers' memories in the COVID‐19 pandemic: The role of visual perspective and event centrality in subjective temporal distance

AbstractWe investigated the factors associated with subjective temporal distance of pandemic‐related events in a sample of healthcare workers. A total of 257 healthcare workers were asked to recall two COVID‐19 pandemic‐related events that impacted them the most at the beginning of the pandemic (April–May 2020), and rated event centrality, phenomenological characteristics, subjective temporal distance, and visual perspective (field vs. observer) for each reported event. Results showed a negative relationship between subjective temporal distance and event centrality only for memories remembered from the field perspective (field memories), but not those remembered from the observer perspective (observer memories). Furthermore, event centrality enhanced recollection of sensory and perceptual details, which, in turn, resulted in memories being felt temporally closer to people. However, only field memories, not observer memories, revealed this pattern, showing that recollective experience shaped by visual perspective mediates the relationship between event centrality and subjective temporal distance.

Dealing with couple infidelity in romantic relationships: A group intervention feasibility study.

The extent to which group therapy benefits individuals who have experienced couple infidelity remains unexamined. In this study, a brief group intervention for individuals who experienced couple infidelity was designed, and the feasibility of the intervention was evaluated (i.e., acceptability; implementation; measurements' performance and, limited-efficacy testing). The final sample was composed of 20 women and 4 men (M = 29.95 years, SD = 12.3). Twenty-four completed pre and post assessments and 20 of these completed the follow-up assessment. At pre, post, and follow-up, participants responded to a questionnaire packet that included measures of depression, anxiety and PTSD symptoms, relationship self-efficacy, centrality of event, cognitive fusion, and decision to forgive. Also, follow-up interviews were conducted. The closed group intervention consisted of eight 90-min weekly sessions. The group therapy process component was based on solution-focused therapy. Psychoeducation component included mindfulness, reflection on personal values, factors that contribute to infidelity, and forgiveness. Session rating scores indicated an overall high acceptance of the intervention, its contents, and goals. Interview reports showed that dealing with thoughts and emotions, understanding infidelity, and forgiveness were the most helpful contents. Group support and processes were also positively valued. Repeated-measures MANOVA results indicated statistically significant decrease in symptoms, cognitive fusion, and importance of the event, as well as an increase in self-efficacy. Measurement instruments showed adequate reliability. These results indicate that a group treatment may be an alternative format to help individuals deal with psychological consequences of couple infidelity, when couple therapy is not possible.

사건 중심성과 외상 후 스트레스 장애 및 외상 후 성장의 관계: 의도적 반추와 정서인식명확성의 이중매개효과

사건 중심성과 외상 후 스트레스 장애 및 외상 후 성장의 관계: 의도적 반추와 정서인식명확성의 이중매개효과

The Effect of Event Centrality on Post Traumatic Growth :The Moderated Mediation Effect of Deliberate Rumination and Social Support

The Effect of Event Centrality on Post Traumatic Growth :The Moderated Mediation Effect of Deliberate Rumination and Social Support

Event centrality in social anxiety disorder and major depressive disorder

ABSTRACT Event centrality is defined by the extent to which a memory of an event has become central to an individual’s identity and life story. Previous research predominantly focused on the link between event centrality and trauma-related symptomatology. Nevertheless, it can be argued that the perception of (adverse) events as central to one’s self is not exclusive to Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Other disorders where adverse events are linked to the onset of symptoms might also be related to event centrality. This study examined the relevance of event centrality for Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD) and for Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) separately. Moreover, we examined which cognitive and emotion regulation variables (i.e., trait anxiety, rumination, worry, intrusions and avoidance, and posttraumatic cognitions) mediated these relationships. No significant correlation was found between event centrality and social anxiety. However, a significant positive correlation was found between event centrality and depression. In a combined group, this relation was mediated by all cognitive and emotion regulation variables except for worry.

Parents' Vicarious Event Centrality of Their Child's Interpersonal Trauma.

This study aimed to understand parents' process of centering their child's interpersonal traumatic event in their lives post-disclosure. Specifically, how it informed their understanding of themselves, their lives, and the world. This phenomenon of centering a traumatic event in one's life is termed event centrality and has not been previously applied to qualitative research or this population. Participants were 17 primary caregivers (14 maternal caregivers and 3 paternal caregivers) of 27 victims of child interpersonal trauma (14 males and 13 females) located in Canada. The age of participants ranged from 35 to 75 years (average = 54.5 years) and majority self-identified as Caucasian (70.6%). Grounded theory was used to analyze the data. The resulting model was labeled Vicarious Event Centralization and Decentralization, indicating that parents center their child's interpersonal trauma across many areas of their lives, which orients them to focus on protecting and healing the child. After the child's functioning improves, parents are then able to reorient to life beyond the trauma, representing decentralization. The grounded theory consists of three phases: Centralization, Decentralization Gateway, and Decentralization. These results illustrate that parents' centralization of the trauma may be an adaptive mechanism that promotes child recovery, which in turn allows parents to begin to decentralize the trauma and move toward recovery. This study supports that parents are affected by their child's trauma in a myriad of ways and require unique services to address their needs. This study can help practitioners understand the post-trauma experience for parents and target areas likely to increase recovery.

Spanish adaptation of the perinatal grief intensity scale

ABSTRACT Aims/Background Assessing the intensity of perinatal grief is very important for identifying the more complex cases in mothers and fathers. Despite this, there are few assessment tools available. The aim of this study was to analyse the psychometric properties (factorial structure, reliability, and validity) of the Spanish version of the Perinatal Grief Intensity Scale (PGIS). Design/Methods An online survey was completed by 291 mothers and fathers who had suffered perinatal loss in the previous six years. Results The results showed adequate fit indexes for the three-factor model of the PGIS: reality, confront others, and congruence. Reliability values for the overall scale and subscales were adequate. Finally, with regard to validity, significant (p < .05) and positive relationships were found with levels of complicated grief, event centrality, guilt, anxiety, and depression. There were also differences depending on whether participants exhibited high or low levels of complicated grief, and on the number of weeks of pregnancy at the time of the loss. Conclusion In conclusion, the Spanish adaptation of the PGIS has adequate reliability and validity scores and a factorial structure consistent with the original version.

Measurement of the Centrality Dependence of the Dijet Yield in p+Pb Collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=8.16 TeV with the ATLAS Detector.

ATLAS measured the centrality dependence of the dijet yield using 165 nb^{-1} of p+Pb data collected at sqrt[s_{NN}]=8.16 TeV in 2016. The event centrality, which reflects the p+Pb impact parameter, is characterized by the total transverse energy registered in the Pb-going side of the forward calorimeter. The central-to-peripheral ratio of the scaled dijet yields, R_{CP}, is evaluated, and the results are presented as a function of variables that reflect the kinematics of the initial hard parton scattering process. The R_{CP} shows a scaling with the Bjorken x of the parton originating from the proton, x_{p}, while no such trend is observed as a function of x_{Pb}. This analysis provides unique input to understanding the role of small proton spatial configurations in p+Pb collisions by covering parton momentum fractions from the valence region down to x_{p}∼10^{-3} and x_{Pb}∼4×10^{-4}.

Dyadic coping and illness adjustment after stroke: A longitudinal prospective study.

To investigate associations between illness appraisals, dyadic coping, and illness adjustment in individuals with stroke and their healthy partners. This longitudinal observational study examined dyadic data in 17 couples (patient and partner) after stroke. Patients and partners completed self-report measures on event centrality of the stroke (appraisal) at 2 months (t₁), common dyadic coping (CDC) at 5 months (t₂), and quality of life (adjustment) at 8 months (t₃) after the stroke. Dyadic data were analyzed using actor-partner interdependence models. Higher event centrality at t₁ predicted more CDC at t₂ in patients (b = 0.38, p < .05). For partners, the effect of event centrality on dyadic coping differed significantly from the patients' effect but was not significant itself (b = -0.17, p = .601). More CDC at t2 predicted higher physical (b = 3.21, p < .05) and psychological quality of life at t₃ (b = 3.66, p < .05) for partners but not for patients. Preliminary evidence suggests that patients and their healthy partners may endorse event centrality of the stroke differentially. Perceiving dyadic coping processes seems to be especially important to the healthy partners' illness adjustment. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Spanish adaptation of the Stillbirth Stigma Scale (SSS)

The death of a baby in the perinatal period is considered a disenfranchized grief that can be a source of significant symptoms of guilt, shame, and stigma. There is a lack of validated instruments for assessing the stigma associated with perinatal grief. The aim of this study was to examine the psychometric properties (factor structure, reliability, and validity) of the Spanish version of the Stillbirth Stigma Scale (SSS) in parents who have experienced a perinatal loss. A total of 291 participants (mostly mothers) completed an online questionnaire that included the SSS and other measures. The best-fitting factor structure was a second-order model with four dimensions and adequate reliability values. In terms of validity, we found statistically significant relationships between the SSS scores and the variables of self-esteem, complicated grief, event centrality, depression, and anxiety. In conclusion, the Spanish adaptation of the SSS is deemed to have adequate psychometric properties.

Development and Psychometric Validation of the Breast Cancer Stigma Assessment Scale for Women with Breast Cancer and Its Survivors.

The increase in breast cancer cases and breast cancer survival makes it advisable to quantify the impact of the health-related stigma of this disease. To develop and validate a breast cancer stigma scale in Spanish. Women diagnosed with, or survivors of, breast cancer were included. The development of the Breast Cancer Stigma Assessment Scale (BCSAS) involved both a literature review and personal interviews. Content validity was assessed using a Delphi study and a pilot test; construct validity was evaluated using an exploratory factor analysis; and convergent validity was assessed using six scales. Cronbach's α internal consistency and test-retest reliability were used to determine the reliability of the scales. 231 women responded to the 28-item scale. The BCSAS showed good reliability, with α = 0.897. Seven factors emerged: concealment (α = 0.765), disturbance (α = 0.772), internalized stigma (α = 0.750), aesthetics (α = 0.779), course (α = 0.599), danger (α = 0.502), and origin (α = 0.350). The test-retest reliability was 0.830 (p < 0.001). Significant correlation was observed with event centrality (r = 0.701), anxiety-depression (r = 0.668), shame (r = 0.645), guilt (r = 0.524), and quality of life (r = -0.545). The BCSAS is a reliable and valid measure of stigma in women with breast cancer and its survivors. It could be useful for detecting stigma risk and establishing psychotherapeutic and care priorities.

대학(원)생의 사건중심성이 외상후 스트레스 증상 및 외상후 성장에 미치는 영향

Objectives This study aimed to comprehensively examine the mediating effect of core belief disruption and the moderating effect of self-compassion in the pathway through which event centrality affects posttraumatic stress symptoms and posttraumatic growth.&#x0D; Methods To investigate the model of this study, self-report survey data from 372 (under)graduate students living in metropolitan area were analyzed. The self-report questionnaires used in this study were as follows: Trauma Events Checklist, Centrality of Event Scale-Korean(CES-K), Korean Version of Core Belief Inventory(K-CBI), The Korean Version of Impact of Event Scale-Revised(IES-R-K), Korean version of Self-Comapssion Sclae(K-SCS). Descriptive statistical analysis, correlation analysis, mediating effect analysis, moderating effect analysis, and moderated mediation effect analysis were performed using IBM SPSS Statistics 21.0 and PROCESS macro.&#x0D; Results Core belief challenge indirectly mediated in the effect of centrality of event on posttraumatic stress symp-toms and directly on posttraumatic growth. As a result of the moderating effect test, the effect of core belief chal-lenge on posttraumatic growth was different according to the level of self-compassion. Also, core belief challenge mediated the relationship between centrality of event and posttraumatic growth, and self-compassion moderated it.&#x0D; Conclusions These results suggest that self-compassion can work as a facilitator in the path of centrality of event to posttraumatic growth through core belief challenge. Finally, clinical implications and limitations of the study were discussed.

A multilevel factor analysis of the short form of the Centrality of Event Scale.

The Centrality of Event Scale (CES) has frequently been used to measure the degree to which positive and negative life events are perceived central to a person's identity and life story; and previous research suggests that individuals rate their most positive memory as more central compared to their most negative one. When comparing the centrality of two (or more) memories within individuals, one needs to ensure that the CES (or its short form) is equally valid for different types of events (i.e., positive and negative) as well as on different levels of analyses (i.e., on the between-person and the within-person level), pointing to the issue of measurement invariance. Three-hundred sixty-five adults (18-89 years of age) reported up to ten positive and up to ten negative autobiographical memories. For each memory reported, participants completed the seven-item short form of the CES, which measures three different components of centrality: Events can form a central component of identity (two items), a turning point in the life story (three items), and a reference point for everyday inferences (two items). Based on exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, we found a two-factor structure (Self-Perception and Life-Course) to fit the data best at both levels of analyses and for both positive and negative events. Strict measurement invariance could be applied for positive and negative events at between-person level and at within-person level. The two factors, which measure the impact of an event on either a person's self-perception or their (future) life course, were rated higher for positive compared to negative memories. This difference, however, was stronger for the self-perception factor. The present study provides a first examination of the factorial structure of the CES short form on two levels (within and between persons) as well as for two types of life events (positive and negative). Whereas, a unidimensional scale might be sufficient to measure the centrality of stressful or traumatic life events, a more fine-graded measure seems better suited to understand the different roles of positive and negative life events for a person's identity and life story.