Event Centrality Research Articles

Kinetic Freeze-Out Temperature and Transverse Flow Velocity in Au-Au Collisions at RHIC-BES Energies

By using the method of data-driven reanalysis, the midrapidity transverse momentum pT spectra of charged hadrons (π+, K+, and p) produced in central and peripheral gold-gold (Au-Au) collisions from the Beam Energy Scan (BES) program at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) are fitted by using the blast-wave model with the Boltzmann-Gibbs statistics. The model results are in agreement with the experimental data measured by the STAR Collaboration at the RHIC-BES energies. We observe that the kinetic freeze-out temperature T0, transverse flow velocity βT, mean transverse momentum pT, and initial temperature Ti increase with collision energy as well as with event centrality.

Post-traumatic Growth and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Among Breast Cancer Survivors

The aim of the study is to examine the mediating effect of rumination types in relationship with centrality of event and the path of posttraumatic growth and posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms among 40 breast cancer survivors aged between 29 and 79 (M = 47.33, SD = 9.32) from all around Turkey. The results of the current study revealed that deliberate rumination partially mediates the relationship between centrality of event and posttraumatic growth and the relationship between centrality of event and posttraumatic stress disorder. Moreover, the results of the current study revealed that intrusive rumination partially mediates the relationship between centrality of event and posttraumatic growth and the relationship between centrality of event and posttraumatic stress disorder.

Measurement of flow harmonics correlations with mean transverse momentum in lead\u2013lead and proton\u2013lead collisions at\xa0sqrt{s_{mathrm{NN}}} = 5.02~hbox {TeV} with the ATLAS detector

To assess the properties of the quark–gluon plasma formed in ultrarelativistic ion collisions, the ATLAS experiment at the LHC measures a correlation between the mean transverse momentum and the flow harmonics. The analysis uses data samples of lead–lead and proton–lead collisions obtained at the centre-of-mass energy per nucleon pair of 5.02 TeV, corresponding to total integrated luminosities of 22~upmu text {b}^{-1} and 28~text {nb}^{-1}, respectively. The measurement is performed using a modified Pearson correlation coefficient with the charged-particle tracks on an event-by-event basis. The modified Pearson correlation coefficients for the 2nd-, 3rd-, and 4th-order flow harmonics are measured in the lead–lead collisions as a function of event centrality quantified as the number of charged particles or the number of nucleons participating in the collision. The measurements are performed for several intervals of the charged-particle transverse momentum. The correlation coefficients for all studied harmonics exhibit a strong centrality evolution, which only weakly depends on the charged-particle momentum range. In the proton–lead collisions, the modified Pearson correlation coefficient measured for the 2nd-order flow harmonics shows only weak centrality dependence. The lead-lead data is qualitatively described by the predictions based on the hydrodynamical model.

What is the role played by pregnancy in the construction of a woman’s identity and her association with her child-to-be?

ABSTRACT Objective: The present work aimed to evaluate: (a) the psychometric properties of the Centrality of Event Scale in Italian primiparous and multiparous women; (b) individual differences in those demographic variables that influence change in women’s identity and the maternal role acquisition during pregnancy; (c) the association between the extent to which pregnancy has an impact on woman’s life story and identity and prenatal attachment; (c) how the centrality of the pregnancy event is related to the experience of PTSD during pregnancy. Background: Pregnancy is a crucial phase in women’s life that involves many changes for a woman’s role and identity. Methods 319 pregnant women were assessd during the third trimester of pregnancy. Results: Exploratory Factor Analyses confirmed a one-factor solution of the CES. Moreover, the perception of pregnancy as central in women’s lives is significantly related to prenatal attachment. Finally, the perception of pregnancy as central in women’s lives is positively correlated to PTSD symptoms. Conclusion: Our findings provide evidence on the validity of the scale with pregnant women samples, which may contribute for a better understanding of the impact of pregnancy on women’s identity and life story, as well as the underlying psychological challenges related to pregnancy.

Event centrality, transitional impact and symptoms of posttraumatic stress in a clinical sample

ABSTRACTBackground and Objectives: There is growing research indicating that event centrality strongly predicts posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, there is not much research on what makes a traumatic event central to one’s life story. One reason a traumatic memory becomes a reference point for one’s life story is that it brings about significant changes in one’s life. This study investigated the relationships between transitional impact of an event, event centrality, and PTSD symptoms. Specifically, it tested whether higher negative changes were associated with higher levels of event centrality and PTSD symptoms. It also investigated whether event centrality mediated the relationship between transitional impact and PTSD severity.Methods: 101 individuals diagnosed with PTSD completed the Transitional Impact Scale (TIS), Centrality of Event Scale, and Impact of Event Scale-Revised regarding their traumatic experiences. Furthermore, they responded to the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptom Scale-Self Report (PSS-SR), Traumatic Events Checklist (TELC), and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI).Results and Conclusions: Results indicate that (a) the TIS had valid and reliable psychometric properties in a PTSD sample, (b) most of the traumatic events received high negative psychological and material change scores, and (c) event centrality mediated the relationship between transitional impact and PTSD severity.

Cross-Lagged Association Between Symptoms of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Perceived Centrality of a Terrorist Attack

Numerous cross-sectional studies have found a positive association between level of event centrality and symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), but the temporal course of this relationship is unclear. We aimed to investigate the concurrent and longitudinal association between event centrality and symptoms of PTSD in a trauma-exposed sample. In total, 319 survivors of the 2011 massacre on Utøya island, Norway, were interviewed 14 to 15 and 30 to 32 months after the event. A cross-lagged panel model was used to explore the association between event centrality and PTSD symptoms over time. Level of event centrality was significantly associated with concurrent PTSD symptoms at both time points. PTSD symptoms were significantly associated with prospective levels of event centrality but not vice versa. This finding indicates that the degree to which survivors perceive a terrorist attack as central to their identity may be an effect, not a cause, of their PTSD symptoms.

Events Centrality Moderates the Relationship Between Posttraumatic Growth and Health-Related Quality of Life Among People Living With HIV.

HIV diagnosis and treatment are traumatic events, which may translate to positive growth and affect health outcomes of people living with HIV (PLWH). We hypothesized that the pathway between positive growth and health-related quality of life was impacted by event centrality (EC; how much HIV is integrated into self-definition). Two hundred and one PLWH in Nigeria who had been diagnosed/treated for at least 1 year completed measures of posttraumatic growth, EC, and health-related quality of life. Multiple regression analysis was used to investigate relationships between variables of interest. Growth from the trauma of HIV was significantly associated with improved mental health and relationship. Patients who highly centralized identity on HIV had poorer scores for mental health, relationship, and treatment impact and had less traumatic growth. EC moderated the relationship between posttraumatic growth and mental health, social relationship, and treatment impact. Clinicians should ask how PLWH think about events related to diagnosis and treatment when assessing quality of life.

Keywords and key words in AE

ABSTRACTThe keywords and titles of articles published in American Ethnologist from 2016 to 2019 show a striking intersection of anthropological scholarship and world‐event trends. Tables and word clouds generated from recurring words expose the centrality of critical events, which appears to support recent contentions about a “crisis‐chasing” mode in anthropology today. But it conceals the multivocality of authors’ engagement with current events, while the idiosyncratic words that fill most of the keyword lists and titles in AE disrupt any generalization about anthropology's primary concerns. Therefore, aggregated key words cannot be taken at face value as signposts of relevance in anthropological scholarship. Yet those isolated words are increasingly influential in an era of digitized publishing, which compels scholars to adapt keywords to algorithmic logics of recognition. [keywords, aggregation, algorithm, relevance, anthropology, American Ethnologist]

Exploring differences in psychological aspects during pregnancy between cancer survivors and women without a history of cancer.

Young cancer survivors often wish to bear a child after oncological treatments, as they might not have started or completed their families. As young cancer survivors have a higher risk of developing psychological difficulties, this study investigated whether there were significant differences in psychological aspects between pregnant women who received a cancer diagnosis in the past and pregnant women without a history of cancer. A total of 123 pregnant women, of which 36 were cancer survivors and 87 women without a history of cancer, were recruited during their last trimester at different hospitals in Northern Italy. Patients were asked to complete a socio-demographic profile and questionnaires measuring mood states, post-traumatic symptoms, centrality of the pregnancy and cancer event, quality of life, and prenatal attachment. Cancer survivors had significantly higher levels of PTSD symptoms, perceived pregnancy as more central to their identity and life story, perceived lower quality of life and had lower intensity of prenatal attachment compared with the control group. Centrality of the cancer event did not correlate with any psychological variables. Preliminary results suggest that a past cancer diagnosis can influence the mother's psychological functioning and the development of the relationship with their child.

Supplemental Material for From Trauma to Growth: The Roles of Event Centrality, Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms, and Deliberate Rumination

Supplemental Material for From Trauma to Growth: The Roles of Event Centrality, Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms, and Deliberate Rumination

A proposal for augmenting the measurement of index events in PTSD assessment using event centrality

ABSTRACTBACKGROUND: Standard practice in assessing and diagnosing posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) entails identifying a single “worst” index event as the basis for symptom inquiry. Determining a single event can be challenging for clinicians and clients when multiple traumas are considered equally distressing. Additionally, it can be difficult to distinguish potential index events based on distress given the cumulative effect of repeated trauma exposure. This calls for the development of approaches that build on existing selection methods (e.g., worst event method).OBJECTIVE/CONCLUSIONS: In this article, we propose an innovative approach for identifying and measuring index events that utilizes the construct of event centrality to expand the parameters by which index events are selected. Event centrality assesses the degree to which traumatic events are perceived as integral to one’s personal identity and worldviews. Given its role in the etiology and maintenance of PTSD symptoms, this construct also approximates the emotional impact of trauma. Incorporating validated measures of event centrality into PTSD assessments would provide an objective strategy for identifying index events in a way that may increase the reliability of diagnosis. Our proposed strategy may also have a positive impact on the therapeutic process and treatment outcomes.

Event Centrality: Factor Structure and Links to Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptom Clusters

Event centrality is defined as the extent to which traumatic events are perceived to be integral to one's life. However, there are discrepancies regarding the factor structure of event centrality, as the factor structure may differ depending on the nature of the trauma. Event centrality has predicted posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD); yet, few studies have taken into account other key cognitive predictors of PTSD, such as posttraumatic cognitions. The PTSD symptom clusters also remain largely unexamined, despite potential specificity in their ties to event centrality. The aims of the current study were to: (a) examine the factor structure of event centrality and whether the structure differs following interpersonal versus noninterpersonal trauma; (b) investigate whether event centrality predicts PTSD symptom clusters beyond posttraumatic cognitions; and (c) determine if the associations between event centrality, posttraumatic cognitions, and PTSD are equivalent between trauma types. The study aims were examined utilizing 263 college students (Mage = 24.54, SD = 6.29; 79.8% female; 58% White). Event centrality was best represented by one factor, which was consistent between groups. Structural equation models indicated that event centrality and posttraumatic cognitions regarding the self predicted each of the PTSD symptom clusters across groups, βs = .27-.58. However, event centrality was more strongly related to avoidance symptoms among individuals who experienced a noninterpersonal trauma. For both the interpersonal and noninterpersonal groups, event centrality had equivalent ties to each cluster. Even after accounting for negative trauma-related beliefs, event centrality appears to be relevant in understanding posttrauma functioning.

The Dutch Version of the Centrality of Event Scale (CES)

Abstract. Event centrality is defined as the extent to which the memory of a traumatic event forms a reference point for personal identity and the attribution of meaning to other experiences in a person’s life. The current study investigated the psychometric properties of the Dutch translation of the Centrality of Event Scale (CES; Berntsen & Rubin, 2006 ) and its relation with symptoms of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), depression, exposure to traumatic events as defined by DSM-5 trauma criterion A, and negative life events in a student sample ( N = 967). An underlying structure of one factor was found. This factor structure was replicated in two additional independent samples. High internal consistency was found for a 6-item CES. CES scores were positively related to symptoms of PTSD and depression, to the DSM-5 trauma criterion A, and the number of negative life events. The CES made a unique contribution to the explained variance in PTSD symptoms when controlling for depression. However, CES scores were unrelated to depression when controlling for PTSD symptoms, suggesting that event centrality might be more typically related to PTSD, and less to depression.

Collision-energy dependence of pt correlations in Au + Au collisions at energies available at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider

We present two-particle $p_{\rm t}$ correlations as a function of event centrality for Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}$ = 7.7, 11.5, 14.5, 19.6, 27, 39, 62.4, and 200 GeV at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider using the STAR detector. These results are compared to previous measurements from CERES at the Super Proton Synchrotron and from ALICE at the Large Hadron Collider. The data are compared with UrQMD model calculations and with a model based on a Boltzmann-Langevin approach incorporating effects from thermalization. The relative dynamical correlations for Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}$ = 200 GeV show a power law dependence on the number of participant nucleons and agree with the results for Pb+Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}} = 2.76~ {\rm TeV}$ from ALICE. As the collision energy is lowered from $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}$ = 200 GeV to 7.7 GeV, the centrality dependence of the relative dynamical correlations departs from the power law behavior observed at the higher collision energies. In central collisions, the relative dynamical correlations increase with collision energy up to $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}$ = 200 GeV in contrast to previous measurements that showed little dependence on the collision energy.

On the Detection of Multinucleon Events in Nucleus—Nucleus Collisions with Forward Calorimeters (ZDC)

The detection of spectator nucleons emitted forward in the beam direction in experiments on the study of nucleus—nucleus interactions using forward Zero Degree Calorimeters (ZDCs) allows the determination of the event centrality and the detection of the nucleons from electromagnetic dissociation (EMD). In this paper, we propose a simple combinatorial model for calculating the energy releases in the ZDC, taking into account the calorimeter acceptance and efficiency. Using this model, the effect of the limited acceptance and nucleon detection efficiency on the spectral shape in the ZDC and the possibility of measuring the yield of a certain number of nucleons from the EMD is studied at LHC energies.

Centrality of Traumatic Events: Double Edged Sword or Matter of Valence?

Event centrality, as measured by the Centrality of Event Scale (CES), refers to the degree to which a salient traumatic memory becomes central to individual identity. The current investigation modified the CES to capture valence (positive vs. negative) of event centrality (i.e., CES-V) and determine whether the valence of event centrality for traumatic events differentially relates to trauma responses (i.e., posttraumatic stress disorder [PTSD], posttraumatic growth [PTG]). Trauma-exposed community members (n = 512) completed measures of trauma experiences, PTSD, PTG, and the CES-V. Exploratory factor analysis supported the use of the CES-V. Trauma outcome response profiles were compared between event centrality valence group (i.e., central-positive, not central, central-negative) and factors influencing event centrality valence were explored. Most participants appraised their trauma as central and positive (54.7%), while others appraised their trauma as central and negative (32.8%) or not central (12.5%). Central-positive event centrality ratings were positively related to PTG and inversely related to PTSD, whereas central-negative event centrality ratings were positively related to PTSD and inversely related to PTG. The central-positive group reported the most PTG, and the central-negative group reported the most PTSD. Future research should explore the clinical utility of using event centrality valence to predict trauma responses and track treatment progress.

The Projectile Spectator Detector for measuring the geometry of heavy ion collisions at the CBM experiment on FAIR

The Compressed Baryonic Matter (CBM) experiment at the future Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR) is aimed to explore the QCD phase diagram in the region of high baryon densities . The Projectile Spectator Detector (PSD) is the forward hadron calorimeter that will be used in the CBM to measure the event centrality as well as the reaction plane orientation in heavy-ion collisions in the beam energy range of 2–11 A GeV with beam interaction rates up to 10 MHz. The supermodule consisting of 9 modules has been assembled to explore the performance of the PSD. Its response has been studied with proton beams in the momentum range 2–10 GeV/c at the CERN Proton Synchrotron (PS) T9 and T10 beam lines. For the first time, the energy resolution and the linearity of the response have been measured at such low energies. The PSD operation under radiation conditions at the CBM, as well as the results of one PSD module measurements with irradiated photodetectors are discussed. • The PSD hadron calorimeter properties have been measured at test beams. • A simulation of the PSD operation under radiation conditions is conducted. • Degradation of photodetectors as a result of neutron irradiation is discussed.

Perception Counts: The Relationships of Inner Perceptions of Trauma and PTSD Symptoms Across Time

Objective: This study examined how inner perceptions that develop in the aftermath of exposure to trauma attenuate the association between posttraumatic symptoms across time and what the reciprocal relations between inner perceptions of trauma and posttraumatic symptoms are. Method: The present article is based on two studies. The data in Study 1 are drawn from three waves of a longitudinal study of community-dwelling midlife adults and older adults residing in the south of Israel. In Wave 1, 339 participants were interviewed (mean age = 65.44, SD = 9.77). Of these participants, 170 and 132, respectively, participated in Waves 2 (one year later) and 3 (two years later). Posttraumatic stress symptoms were self-reported in all three waves. Inner perceptions of trauma were assessed with the Subjective Traumatic Outlook scale (STO) and Centrality of Event Scale (CES), administered at Wave 3. Study 2 is drawn from two waves of research of young adults. Wave 1 included 138 participants (mean age = 32.01, SD = 10.57) from a convenience sample. At Wave 2, 128 participants were interviewed again a month later. Participants reported their level of posttraumatic stress symptoms and completed the STO and the CES in both waves. Results: In Study 1, analyses showed stronger associations between posttraumatic symptoms across waves among those who reported higher subjective traumatic outlook and higher centrality of events. In Study 2, significant reciprocal relationships between PTSD and STO were found, but whereas the W1 PTSD–W2 CES path was significant, the W1 CES–W2 PTSD path was not. Conclusions: The findings emphasize that overintegration and especially disintegration of the pretraumatic identity with traumatic experiences are associated with the deleterious effects of long-lasting exposure to traumatic events.

The moderating role of trauma type on the relationship between event centrality of the traumatic experience and mental health outcomes.

Event centrality, or the extent to which traumatic events are perceived to be integral to one's life, has been found to be predictive of trauma-related symptoms, such as posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression. Less research has been devoted to whether event centrality is related to adaptive outcomes, such as posttraumatic growth (PTG) and resiliency, and psychological well-being (PWB) has not been investigated. Given the unique circumstances of different types of traumas, the relationship between event centrality and posttrauma functioning may differ by the type of trauma experienced. The present study investigated the direct relationships between event centrality and PTSD, depression, PTG, resiliency, and PWB, and then examined whether type of trauma (i.e., sexual victimization, death of a loved one, serious illness/injury, violence exposure) moderated the relationship between event centrality and mental health outcomes among 429 trauma-exposed college students (Mage = 19.66, SD = 1.65; 78.6% female; 49.9% White). Event centrality was positively related to PTSD, depression, and PTG, inversely linked with multiple indices of PWB, and unrelated to resiliency. Type of traumatic event moderated the relationship between event centrality and PTSD, as well as 4 subscales of PWB. When sexual trauma was the index event, event centrality was more strongly associated with PTSD and aspects of PWB compared to death of a loved one. Findings indicate the importance of trauma type when disentangling the relationships between event centrality and negative and positive outcomes and demonstrate the relevance of event centrality in understanding posttrauma functioning. (PsycINFO Database Record

Prompt and non-prompt J/psi and psi (2mathrm {S}) suppression at high transverse momentum in 5.02~mathrm {TeV} Pb+Pb collisions with the ATLAS experiment

A measurement of J/psi and psi (2mathrm {S}) production is presented. It is based on a data sample from Pb+Pb collisions at sqrt{s_{mathrm {NN}}} = 5.02~mathrm {TeV} and pp collisions at sqrt{s} = 5.02~mathrm {TeV} recorded by the ATLAS detector at the LHC in 2015, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 0.42~mathrm {nb}^{-1} and 25~mathrm {pb}^{-1} in Pb+Pb and pp, respectively. The measurements of per-event yields, nuclear modification factors, and non-prompt fractions are performed in the dimuon decay channel for 9< p_{T}^{mu mu } < 40 GeV in dimuon transverse momentum, and -2< y_{mu mu } < 2 in rapidity. Strong suppression is found in Pb+Pb collisions for both prompt and non-prompt J/psi , increasing with event centrality. The suppression of prompt psi (2mathrm {S}) is observed to be stronger than that of J/psi , while the suppression of non-prompt psi (2mathrm {S}) is equal to that of the non-prompt J/psi within uncertainties, consistent with the expectation that both arise from b-quarks propagating through the medium. Despite prompt and non-prompt J/psi arising from different mechanisms, the dependence of their nuclear modification factors on centrality is found to be quite similar.