Central Zaire Research Articles

Rocking gesture as communicative behavior in the wild pygmy chimpanzees in Wamba, central Zaire

The pygmy chimpanzee rocks its upper body in a variety of contexts, while the common chimpanzee rocks in only 3 situations; courtship, charging display and frustration. In the pygmy chimpanzee, behaviors involving rocking except for charging display are intentional communicative behaviors which bring about various body contact interactions. Each interaction pattern corresponds to each information set consisting of participant age-sex combination, additional signal and group situation. Rocking without any other gestures functions as a sign of tolerance or appeasement to access. This suggests that communicative behaviors involving rocking have a kind of segmentive structure, i.e., rocking represents access while other additional information sets represent the interaction pattern, the character of which is analogous to linguistic communication. Rocking in most interactions possibly derived from rocking in courtship behavior which appears to be a ritualized form of frustrated rocking, while other forms of rocking may possibly be of different origins.

Systematic revision of the African mongoose genus Crossarchus (Mammalia: Viverridae)

Morphometric variation in external and cranial measurements of 152 specimens of Crossarchus was analyzed by means of univariate and multivariate statistical procedures. From the results of the analyses, four species of Crossarchus are recognized: C. obscurus from Sierra Leone to Ghana, C. alexandri from Zaire and Uganda, C. ansorgei known from the holotype from Angola and a second specimen from western Zaire, and Crossarchus platycephalus n. sp. from Cameroon, Nigeria, and Benin. Crossarchus obscurus and C. platycephalus are considered monotypic, whereas two subspecies are recognized in C. alexandri: C. alexandri alexandri from northern and central Zaire and C. alexandri minor n. ssp. from extreme eastern Zaire and Uganda. Significant secondary sexual variation was lacking in all taxa studied. Little individual variation was present in geographic samples. Geographic distributions of all taxa are plotted based upon specimens examined and literature records.

Distribution of Pygmy Chimpanzees (Pan paniscus) in the Central Zaire Basin

Distribution of bonobos (Pan paniscus) in the northern part of the range is estimated to be about 13,500 km2, which includes numerous patches they do not inhabit. Throughout this area, local environmental conditions differ little and bonobos may be said to be stenotopic, as distinguished from eurotopic Pan troglodytes. The bonobos’ discontinuous distribution and overall low density are attributed mainly to human hunting pressure. Further, recent large-scale forest exploitation in this area is considered a great threat to the survival of this rare pongid.

Robert W. Harms, River of Wealth, River of Sorrow: The Central Zaire basin in the era of the slave and ivory trade, 1500–1891, New Haven & London, Yale University Press, 1981, 277 pp., £16.80.

Robert W. Harms, River of Wealth, River of Sorrow: The Central Zaire basin in the era of the slave and ivory trade, 1500–1891, New Haven & London, Yale University Press, 1981, 277 pp., £16.80. - Volume 54 Issue 1

River of Wealth, River of Sorrow: The Central Zaire Basin in the Era of the Slave and Ivory Trade, 1500-1891

River of Wealth, River of Sorrow: The Central Zaire Basin in the Era of the Slave and Ivory Trade, 1500-1891

River of Wealth, River of Sorrow: The Central Zaire Basin in the Era of the Slave and Ivory Trade, 1500–1891. By Robert W. Harms. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1981. Pp. xv, 277. $24.00.

River of Wealth, River of Sorrow: The Central Zaire Basin in the Era of the Slave and Ivory Trade, 1500–1891. By Robert W. Harms. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1981. Pp. xv, 277. $24.00.

River of Wealth, River of Sorrow: The Central Zaire Basin in the Era of the Slave and Ivory Trade, 1500-1891

River of Wealth, River of Sorrow: The Central Zaire Basin in the Era of the Slave and Ivory Trade, 1500-1891

From Fishermen to Traders in Zaire - River of Wealth, River of Sorrow: The Central Zaire Basin in the Era of the Slave and Ivory Trade, 1500–1891. By Robert W. Harms. New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 1981. Pp. xv + 277. $24; £16.80.

From Fishermen to Traders in Zaire - River of Wealth, River of Sorrow: The Central Zaire Basin in the Era of the Slave and Ivory Trade, 1500–1891. By Robert W. Harms. New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 1981. Pp. xv + 277. $24; £16.80. - Volume 23 Issue 4

Robert W. Harms. <italic>River of Wealth, River of Sorrow: The Central Zaire Basin in the Era of the Slave and Ivory Trade, 1500–1891</italic>. New Haven: Yale University Press. 1981. Pp. xv, 277. $24.00

Journal Article Robert W. Harms. River of Wealth, River of Sorrow: The Central Zaire Basin in the Era of the Slave and Ivory Trade, 1500–1891. New Haven: Yale University Press. 1981. Pp. xv, 277. $24.00 Get access Harms Robert W.. River of Wealth, River of Sorrow: The Central Zaire Basin in the Era of the Slave and Ivory Trade, 1500–1891. New Haven: Yale University Press. 1981. Pp. xv, 277. $24.00. Phyllis M. Martin Phyllis M. Martin Indiana University, Bloomington Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The American Historical Review, Volume 87, Issue 4, October 1982, Pages 1139–1140, https://doi.org/10.1086/ahr/87.4.1139 Published: 01 October 1982

River of Wealth, River of Sorrow: The Central Zaire Basin in the Era of the Slave and Ivory Trade, 1500-1891

River of Wealth, River of Sorrow: The Central Zaire Basin in the Era of the Slave and Ivory Trade, 1500-1891

Book Reviews

Book reviewed in this articleThe Structure of Thucydides’History, By Hunter R. Rawlings III.Mediaeval Greece. By Nicolas Cheetham.Ibn Khaldun and Islamic Thought‐Styles: A Social Perspective. By Fuad Baali and Ali Wardi.Women in Frankish Society: Marriage and the Cloister, 500‐900. By Suzanne Fonay Wemple.Prayer, Patronage, and Power: The Abbey of la Trinité, Vendôme, 1032‐1187. By Penelope D. Johnson.Medieval Readers and Writers, 1350‐1400. By Janet Coleman.Knights and Esquires: The Gloucestershire Gentry in the Fourteenth Century. By Nigel Saul.The English Parliament in the Middle Ages. Edited by R. G. Davies and J. H. Denton.The Whig Ascendancy: Colloquies on Hanoverian England. Edited by John Cannon.Human Cargoes: The British Slave Trade to Spanish America, 1700‐1739. By Colin A. Palmer.Beyond Port and Prejudice: Charles Lloyd of Oxford, 1784‐1829. By William J. Baker, with illustrations by Arline K.Thomson.A Wellesley Affair: Richard Marquess Wellesley and the Conduct of Anglo‐Spanish Diplomacy, 1809‐1812. By John Kenneth Severn.Alfred Russell Wallace. By Martin Fichman.John Ludlow: The Autobiography of a Christian Socialist. Edited by A. D. Murray.The Hounds of Conscience: A History of the No‐Conscription Fellowship, 1914‐1919. By Thomas C. Kennedy.Britain, Egypt and the Middle East: Imperial Policy in the Aftermath of War, 1918‐1922. By John Darwin.Britain in the Far East: A Survey from 1819 to the Present. By Peter Lowe.France and the Jacobite Uprising of 1745. By Francis McLynn.The Limits of Reform in the Enlightenment: Attitudes toward the Education of the Lower Classes in Eighteenth‐Century France. By Harvey Chisick.The Youth of Vichy France. By W. D. Halls.The French Riviera Campaign of August 1944. By Alan F. Wilt.Economy and Society in Baroque Portugal, 1668‐1703. By Carl A. Hanson.Arrogance and Anxiety: The Ambivalence of German Power, 1848‐1914. By L.L. Farrar, Jr.Germany in the Age of Total War. Edited by Volker R. Berghahn and Martin Kitchen.The Holocaust and the German Elite: Genocide and National Suicide in Germany, 1871‐1945. By Rainer C. Baum.Shapers of Religious Traditions in Germany, Switzerland, and Poland, 1560‐1600. Edited by Jill Raitt.Prussian Poland in the German Empire (1871‐1900). By Richard Blanke.The Second Republic: The Disintegration of Post‐Munich Czechoslovakia(October 1938‐March 1939). [East European Monographs, no. 90.] By Theodore Prochazka, Sr.Moscow Workers and the 1917 Revolution. By Diane Koenker.River of Wealth, River of Sorrow: The Central Zaire Basin in the Era of the Slave and Ivory Trade, 1500‐1891. By Robert W. Harms.Shantung Rebellion: The Wang Lun Uprising of 1774. By Susan Naquin.Murdering Mothers: Infantide in England and New England. 1558‐1803. [New York University School of Law Series in Anglo‐American Legal History. vol.2.] By Peter C. Holler and N.H. Hull.Towards the Planned City: Germany, Britain, the United States and France, 1780‐1914. By Anthony Sutcliffe.The European and the Indian: Essays in the Ethnohistory of Colonial North America. By James Axtell.The Rise and Fall of Alexander Hamilton. By Robert A. Hendrickson.Lincoln and Black Freedom: A Study in Presidential Leadership. By LaWanda Cox.Time of Hope, Time of Despair: Black Texans during Reconstruction. By James M. Smallwood.The End of Neutrality: The United States, Britain, and Maritime Rights, 1899–1915. By John W. Coogan.The Amaroc News: The Daily Newspaper of the American Forces in Germany, 1919‐1923. By Alfred E. Cornebise.Woodrow Wilson: A Medical and Psychological Biography. By Edwin A. Weinstein.Communism, Anticommunism, and the CIO. [Contributions in American History, no. 91.] By Harvey A. Levenstein.Horace Greeley. By Erik S. Lunde. [Twayne's United States Authors Series, no. 413.]True Love and Perfect Union: The Feminist Reform of Sex and Society. By William Leach.Fundamentalism and American Culture: The Shaping of Twentieth Century Evangelicalism, 1870‐1925. By George M. Marsden.Ethnic America: A History. By Thomas Sowell.Labor and Immigration in Industrial America. By Robert Parmet.Urban Capitalists: Entrepreneurs and City Growth in Pennsylvania's Lackawanna and Lehigh Regions, 1800‐1920. [Studies in Industry and Society, vol. 1.] By Burton W. Folsom, Jr.Organizing Dixie: Alabama Workers in the Industrial Era. [Contributions in Labor History, no. 9.] By Phillip Taft. Revised and edited by Gary M. Fink.Strikes in the United States, 1881‐1974. By P. K. Edwards.A Search for Equality: The National Urban League, 1910‐1961. By Jesse Thomas Moore, Jr.Regulation in Perspective: Historical Essays. Edited by Thomas K. McCraw.Douglas MacArthur: The Philippine Years. By Carol Morris Petillo.The Battle for Butte: Mining and Politics on the Northern Frontier, 1864‐1906 By Michael P. Malone.Francis Paul Prucha. Indian Policy in the United States: Historical Essays. (Lincoln and London: University of Nebraska Press, 1981. Pp. ix, 272. $19.95.)

River of Wealth, River of Sorrow. The Central Zaire Basin in the Era of the Slave and Ivory Trade, 1500-1891

River of Wealth, River of Sorrow. The Central Zaire Basin in the Era of the Slave and Ivory Trade, 1500-1891

Chimpanzees, Tools, and Termites: Another Example From Tanzania

[The Editor welcomes short statements-normally from 300 to 1,000 words-of research results and conclusions. Such statements should not include detailed supporting data, but should make clear reference to the location of such data (published or unpublished) so that interested readers may refer to the material. Sentences should be specific rather than vague. Abstracts of theses may be included, provided they present conclusions rather than only describe what was done. The date of submission will be printed, as well as the address of the contributor, so that colleagues may correspond.

Two Kuba Wrought-Iron Statuettes

On April 13, 1920, the City of Antwerp, Belgium, acquired part of the famous Pareyn collection, which now belongs to its Etnografisch Museum.' Included in the acquisition were two wrought-iron human figurines, today bearing the inventory numbers AE. 773 and AE. 774 and identified as Kuba. As they are believed to be the only known specimens of wrought-iron human figure sculpture deriving from Central Africa, one wonders that little attention has been given to them until now. The name Kuba encompasses a federation of eighteen tribes that live in south central Zaire, between the Sankuru and Kasal rivers. To avoid confusion, it should also be mentioned that the Kuba were named by their neighbors, the Luba, and they are often called the Bushongo, which is actually the name of the ruling group within this federation. The former Kuba nation, like the Ashanti in Ghana and the peoples of Ife and Benin in Nigeria, embraced sacred kingship. The royal genealogy occupies an important place in the oral history, which recorded the 124th ruler2 at the beginning of the twentieth century. According to oral tradition, the bearers of what finally would become Kuba culture reached their present home some 1500 years ago. During the reign of the sixth king, the Kuba grew familiar with one of the most important elements of material culture: iron.

An African World: The Basongye Village of Lupupa Ngye

This is an engrossing account of ethnographic field work carried out in Lupupa Ngye, a Basongye village of central Zaire. The author's general aim was to know Basongye society and culture, and also to study music and the other arts. This volume provides a vivid descriptive sketch of the daily lives of the villagers and an understanding of their belief system. Professor Merriam's field-work in Lupupa Ngye was intensive and capable; his report on it is illuminating.