Central-western Region Of Brazil Research Articles

Noteworthy records of the ticks Ornithodoros rostratus and Amblyomma sculptum parasitizing Pteronura brasiliensis in the central-western region of Brazil, with pathogen investigation notes.

A male of Pteronura brasiliensis (Carnivora: Mustelidae) was found dead on the banks of the Rio Negro, in the Pantanal wetlands of Mato Grosso do Sul state, Aquidauana municipality. Two ticks found attached to its skin were morphologically identified as a second-instar nymph of Ornithodoros rostratus (Argasidae) and a male of Amblyomma sculptum (Ixodidae). In order to complement the morphological identification, these tick specimens were subjected to DNA extraction, and tested using PCR assays to confirm the molecular identity the specimens. Also, the tick DNA samples were tested and were negative in the PCR assays for all the pathogens tested. We also examined 30 batches, consisting of 174 individuals of O. rostratus deposited in the Acari Collection of the Butantan Institute, and we found material from four Brazilian states, including one batch containing 2 males and 2 females from Aquidauana, of Mato Grosso do Sul state, collected from the soil. This was therefore the first record of O. rostratus parasitizing P. brasiliensis and the first locality record (Aquidauana). Likewise, A. sculptum is commonly found in the Pantanal and is reported here for the second time parasitizing the giant otter, which is a host little studied regarding the ectoparasites.

Form and Volume of the Stem of Tectona grandis L.f. in the Central-WESTERN Region of Brazil

The international market has recognized the high value of Tectona grandis L.f. plantations, requiring the development of reliable and accurate tools and techniques to quantify forest stocks accurately. In this study, we developed suitable equations to estimate the stem diameters and volume of Tectona grandis trees in the central-western region of Brazil, evaluating the stem form change points (FCPs) and testing the stratification of data as a measure to control their variation. The Schöepfer model was tested in the study of the FCPs of the stem, and single equation, segmented and variable-exponent taper functions were used to describe the stem profile. After the selection of the model for the taper, data stratification in the DBH classes, form parameter “r” and artificial form factor were proposed. The total volumes of each tree were calculated by integrating the Clark III et al. model. The FCPs of the Tectona grandis stems occurred at 28%, 57% and 73% of the total height, corresponding, on average, to the absolute positions of 6.4 m, 13.3 m and 16.5 m. The Clark III et al. equation, without stratification, was the most appropriate equation to estimate the diameters along the stem and the volume of Tectona grandis trees in the central-western region of Brazil.

Pteronotus rubiginosus (Wagner, 1843): first record of the bat family Mormoopidae in the Southeastern Region of Brazil

Pteronotus rubiginosus (Wagner, 1843) is a bat species belonging to the family Mormoopidae and has a wide distribution in the Amazon and Cerrado biomes in the Northern, Northeastern, and Central-Western regions of Brazil. In this study, we report the first record of this species from the state of Minas Gerais based on the capture of an individual using mistnets. With this record, we confirm the presence of P. rubiginosus in the Southeastern Region of Brazil, increasing to eight the number of chiropteran families there.

Pavilion BIO-FADEN 1.0: experimental study of design and manufacture with digital technologies of bionic prototype inspired by the fruit peels of fruit species present in the Central-Western Region of Brazil

This article aims to determine the possibilities and limitations of the digital design and digital fabrication process by section or 2D laser cut in the production of artifacts composed of double curvature faces inspired by the non-euclidean geometric shapes of fruits present in the Central-Western Region of Brazil: Annona Cherimolal/Annona Squamosa., Mauritia Flexuosa, Annona Muricata, and the Annona Squamosa. Where, the main conclusion is that a set of digital techniques, parametric design and digital fabrication by section or 2D laser cutting can enable the production of a bionic pavilion, in a complex and cellular way in Brasília - DF.

Landscapes and Potentialities of Nature Tourism of the Central Feature of Serra Maracaju, Mato Grosso Do Sul, Brazil

Mato Grosso do Sul, a state located in the central-western region of Brazil, is known for its unique landscapes, evidenced in established tourist destinations such as the Pantanal and Bonito. However, it is understood that other landscapes can serve as a place for developing nature tourism. The Serra de Maracaju runs through the central strip of the state, offers relevant and diverse landscapes throughout its extension, and houses areas whose structural characteristics encompass levels of highly transcendent and varied visual quality. The study presented here refers to the central feature of the Serra de Maracaju, an area in which three levels of potentialities have been identified using a correlation matrix based on landscape components

First record of Trichodina heterodentata (Ciliophora: Trichodinidae) in banded knifefish Gymnotus carapo (Gymnotidae) cultured in Brazil.

The aim of this study was to report the first record of Trichodina heterodentata in banded knifefish Gymnotus carapo. Banded knifefish cultivated in the municipality of Jataí, state of Goiás, in the central western region of Brazil, experienced fish mortality rates of 3-4% per tank. Macroscopic analysis found that fish had lesions on their skin and gills. Smears of the integument and gills were confectioned and air-dried at room temperature and impregnated with silver nitrate to identify the Trichodinidae species causing the lesions. The trichodinid were identified as T. heterodentata, and their characteristics were compared to those from T. heterodentata recorded from other species of host fish. It was observed that the presence of T. heterodentata was associated with inadequate fish management, low water quality, high rates of stocking density, and inadequate nutritional management.

Artificial feeding of Ornithodoros fonsecai (Acari: Argasidae) with the anticoagulant Alsever

Ornithodoros fonsecai is a species of argasid tick endemic to Brazil, described in the “São Miguel” cave located in the municipality of Bonito, state of Mato Grosso do Sul, central-western region of Brazil. The artificial feeding technique makes it possible to study the biology of hematophagous arthropods using artificial or natural membranes, as well as different types of blood and anticoagulants. Thus, the aim of the present study was to feed artificially O. fonsecai second instar (N2) nymphs with rabbit blood using parafilm membrane and the anticoagulant Alsever. Ninety percent of the total N2 nymphs engorged and molted to N3 nymphs between 27 and 30 days after feeding, indicating that the use of this anticoagulant is efficient for artificially feeding O. fonsecai N2 nymphs under laboratory conditions.

Spatial distribution and risk factors for sheep toxoplasmosis in Goiás, Brazilian Cerrado Region.

The present study aimed to evaluate the spatial distribution and risk factors for infection by Toxoplasma gondii in sheep in the state of Goiás, located in the central-western region of Brazil. Through the immunofluorescence antibody test (IFAT), the seroprevalence of anti-T. gondii antibodies was analyzed in 1000 blood serum samples obtained from sheep in all macro and micro regions of the state of Goiás. Data related to sex, age of the animals, size of the farm, type of farm, water source, veterinary assistance, replacement of the herd, presence of domestic cats, presence of wild cats and presence of other wild animals were obtained at the sampling time. The differences between the seroprevalences obtained in relation to the variables analyzed were estimated using Pearson's chi-square test (χ2). The odds ratio (OR) values for each risk factor evaluated were statistically analyzed with a confidence interval of 95%. Positivity for IgG anti-T. gondii was observed (titer ≥64) in 34.3% (343/1000) of the samples, which ranged from 26.9% (31/115) to 44.2% (53/120) and from 21.8 (12/55) to 55.2% (16 / 29), respectively in the analyzed mesoregions and microregions. In all investigated regions of the State of Goiás, serum-reactive animals were detected with the age of the animals, the source of water, the form of replacement of the herd and the presence of domestic cats and wild animals risk factors statistically associated with the occurrence of T. gondii in animals.

Detection of different types of papillomavirus and co-infection in cattle in the State of Goiás - Brazil

Bovine papilomavírus (BPVs) is the etiological agent of bovine papillomatosis, a disease that triggers warts throughout the skin, udder, roofs, genitalia and in more severe cases can develop extensive papillomas, cause neoplasia in the digestive tract and bladder, cause losses in productivity and losses to livestock. In Brazil, the occurrence of BPV infection is relatively common, but the identification of viral types is still sporadic. The present study is a research report that aimed to describe the occurrence of BPV infections in dairy cattle affected by papillomatosis, based on the nucleotide sequences of the ORF L1, the most conserved sequence. Twenty-five samples of cutaneous wart from nine cattle clinically diagnosed as cutaneous papillomatosis were analyzed in the state of Goiás, central-western Brazil. Amplification was obtained in 11 samples (papilloma) from different cattle. PCR reactions followed by sequencing revealed the presence of BPV-1 in 60%, BPV-5 in 40%, and BPV-14 in 20% of the samples analyzed. The presence of coinfection was verified in 60% of the amplified samples. These data suggest that several types of BPV can infect a lesion simultaneously and demonstrate the possibility that BPV infection in epithelial tissue can occur without restriction to one or two viral types, demonstrating the region's genetic diversity. As far as we know, this is the first registry of typification of BPVs of the central-western region of Brazil. This analysis provides important information for bovine papillomavirus (BPV) research in Brazil.

N2O emissions from sugarcane fields under contrasting watering regimes in the Brazilian savannah

Bioethanol and other sugarcane by-products, such as the bagasse, are responsible for approximately 12% of Brazil’s total energy generation. This crop is expanding in the Central-Western Region of Brazil, within the Brazilian savannah biome (Cerrado). It is strongly associated with the use of mineral and/or organic fertilizers and irrigation practices due to drought period during winter. However, higher soil moisture content (due to rain or irrigation) and nitrogen (N) application increase nitrous oxide (N 2 O) emission, which is one of the main greenhouse gases from the agricultural sector. This study aimed to evaluate soil N 2 O fluxes in sugarcane under field conditions with contrasting water regimes in the Cerrado region of Brazil. Due to watering regimes, based on different crop evapotranspiration demand, it was possible to establish adequate water-use efficiency technologies. Increases in watering regimes did not increase N 2 O emissions compared to “rescue irrigation”, commonly used by farmers in the region. However, higher yields were obtained from the higher watering regime (T75%) compared to the farmers’ common practice. • The highest N 2 O redfluxes occur between 50 and 60% WFPS. • Ammonium sulfate fertilizer increases NH 4 + in soil and promotes lower N 2 O emissions. • Water regime that attends 75% of plant demand mitigates N 2 O emissions and increases. sugarcane yield.

Vitalidade urbana e desenho de bairro: proposta para Campo Grande, MS

This paper concerns the practical application, in a medium city neighborhood in the central-western region of Brazil, of six parameters to support urban vitality: permeability, variety, legibility, versatility, appropriate image, and perceptual wealth, as developed by Bentley & Alcock (1999). The methodological strategy addressed the theoretical framework and the reality of the neighborhood with the support of geotechnologies and urban records. The proposed interventions exercise a combination of urban design instruments, intending to implementing elements of vitality, so reverse the current situation of urban stagnation and social segregation of the place.

PSXI-24 Production cost feedlot beef cattle in the southeast and central-western regions of Brazil: Analyzes from 2017 to 2019

Abstract The aims were to evaluate and compare the total cost (TC) and feedlot cattle production cost index (ICBC) in the states of São Paulo (SP) and Goiás (GO) from April of 2017 until December of 2019. In addition, the progress of ICBC was compared with the General Price Index - Internal Availability (IGP-DI) in that same period. This research has been developed at the Laboratory of Socioeconomic Analyses and Animal Science (LAE) of the University of São Paulo (USP). The LAE monitors all the prices of basic inputs used in the feedlot system monthly these states and updates the data to create the ICBC. The feedlot of the states of SP and GO were delimited in three representative properties, two for SP (CSPm and CSPg) and one for GO (CGO). We found that among the evaluation period the accumulated inflation by the IGP-DI was 15.1%, while in the ICBC it was 22%, 21.7% and 38.3% for CSPm, CSPg and CGO, respectively. In other words, there was a real increase of 6.9%, 6.6% and 23.2%, in that same order, for farmers. CSPm, CSPg and CGO showed similar TC in April 2017 and September 2019. However, in October 2019 the TC per kg of live weight (LW) increased until the end of the evaluation period (December 2019), this being $3.52, $3.46 and $3.62 per kg of LW, respectively. Our findings on cost items increased more in the State of GO than SP. Purchase animals and the inputs of the diet were the main cost items that influence the TC. It was concluded that in the southeast and central-western regions of Brazil, farmers had real increases in their production costs in the feedlot. Furthermore, there was greater variability in ICBC compared to IGP-DI.

Prevalence of Adverse Drug Events in Severely Obese Adults and Associated Factors: Clinical Trial Baseline Results

Drugs are the most widely used therapeutic tool for treatment of diseases. However, misuse can lead to an adverse drug event (ADE) in susceptible individuals such as those that are severely obese. This study aimed to describe the frequency of ADEs, the associations of ADEs with anatomical therapeutic chemical classes and their respective frequency, estimate the prevalence of ADEs, and analyse factors associated with ADE in adults with severe obesity. Cross-sectional analysis of baseline data from a randomized clinical trial in the central-western region of Brazil. A total of 150 individuals aged 18–65 years with a Body Mass Index of 35 kg/m2 were included. The outcome variable was the presence of ADE and the explanatory variables were socio-demographic factors, lifestyle, health, and medication use. ADEs were associated with use of drugs for the digestive tract and metabolism (p < 0.001) and the cardiovascular system (p < 0.001). The prevalence of ADEs was 32.67% (n = 49) and associated with the age range 40 to 49 years (p = 0.033), diabetes (p = 0.004), multimorbidities ≥ 4 (p = 0.009), self-medication (0.031), and presence of potential drug interactions (0.017). The prevalence of ADEs was high and was associated with drugs commonly used in treatment of obesity-related morbidities and self-medication. The introduction of a pharmacist to multi-professional teams can improve medication safety for severely obese patients.

The relative influence of the environment, land use, and space on the functional and taxonomic structures of phytoplankton and zooplankton metacommunities in tropical reservoirs

Disentangling the effects of space and the environment on species distribution is one of the current goals of ecology and biogeography. In this study, we aimed to determine the relative influence of local, spatial (directional and non-directional), and land-use predictors on the taxonomic and functional trait compositions of phytoplankton and zooplankton assemblages. We collected data from 25 sampling points within shallow artificial water reservoirs in the central-western region of Brazil. This study was conducted in an area with a small spatial extent (<50 km between sampling sites) and in a reservoir of a typical hierarchical branching river network. The explanatory variables included 8 environmental features, 2 land-use predictors, and 2 spatial proxies (non-directional and directional spatial eigenvectors). We used a partial redundancy analysis to evaluate the relative influence of each predictor. Only spatial predictors, mainly directional, were important in explaining the phytoplankton and zooplankton metacommunity structure (functional and taxonomic). According to the metacommunity perspective, our results indicated that the phytoplankton and zooplankton metacommunities could be classified as species sorting with high dispersal, that is, a mass-effect perspective. We expected to see mass-effect processes in our study area, in which highly-dispersive species occur in a small-scale, highly-connected area where upstream reservoirs act as sources for dispersing species downstream. Moreover, some functional traits and morphofunctional attributes of phytoplankton (presence of flagella and small size) and zooplankton (suspensivore, carnivore, and littoral habitats) were associated with an increase in dispersal. Finally, this study contributes to the understanding of how environment, space, and land-use components structure plankton metacommunities.

Histopathology and molecular identification of Henneguya pseudoplatystoma

The present study proposes to characterize the parasites isolated during the initial phase of production in fish farms located in Mato Grosso do Sul in the central-western region of Brazil, using histopathology analysis and molecular techniques. A total of 340 hybrid surubim fish (Pseudoplatystoma reticulatum × P. corruscans) from four farms were examined during the co-feeding phase. Histopathology analysis showed that 10.9% (n = 37) of the fish were infected with parasites. Branchitis, lifting epithelium, hypertrophy of epithelial cells, lamellar fusion, aneurisms and infection in the bone tissue of the gill filament was observed. The parasite species was determined by amplification of the 18S rRNA gene followed by sequencing. The phylogenetic analysis of nucleotide sequences indicates a close relationship (99.6%) with Henneguya pseudoplatystoma reported to be infecting the hybrid Pseudoplatystoma. This study demonstrates the occurrence of H. pseudoplatystoma in hybrid surubim (P. reticulatum × P. corruscans) during the co-feeding phase in fish farms in Mato Grosso do Sul. Also, molecular techniques provide a faster and sensitive method to identify fish parasites, and may assist in the development of new management techniques aimed at improving the sanitary conditions contributing to the reduction of mortality rates in these animals.

Microfilaremia by Cercopithifilaria bainae in a dog from the central western region of Brazil: case report

ABSTRACT Cercopithifilaria bainae is a nematode belonging to the family Onchocercidae that parasitizes the subcutaneous tissue of dogs. Its transmission occurs through the tick Rhipicephalus sanguineus and its geographical distribution overlaps that of this vector. The present study reports the detection of microfilaremia by C. bainae in an eight-year-old male dog that presented anorexia, hyperthermia, motor incoordination, mydriasis, a nodule in the left testicle and concomitant infection by Ehrlichia sp. Blood samples were analyzed using microscopy, PCR and DNA sequencing. Microfilariae measuring 150±5.5μm in length and 7±1.8μm in width were retrieved. The DNA sequence exhibited 98% identity with C. bainae sequences available in Genbank. This is the first report of microfilaremia by C. bainae in a dog in the central western region of Brazil.

SYSTEMATIC BIBLIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS ON THE USE OF MILLET AND SORGHUM AS VEGETABLE COVER

The use of alternative systems seeking unsustainability in agricultural production in Brazil, has developed strongly with the use of No-Tillage System (NTS), therefore remodeling the production system. For the production efficiency, it is necessary to use suitable crops as plant cover, depending on the region where the no-tillage system will be set, in which sorghum and millet crops were very positive. Thus, the objective of the work is to perform a systematic literature review on papers approaching the subject with the use of sorghum and millet as a vegetative cover for subsequent no-tillage. It is possible to verify a concentration of the studies after the 2000 decade, in the Southeastern and Central-Western regions of Brazil.

Potassic and nitrogen fertilization in a modern hybrid of sorghum for biomass production cultivated in an Oxisol

Biomass sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.)] is a promising option for the supply of dedicated biomass for energy cogeneration in Brazil. However, it is still necessary to better understand gaps around the nutrient requirement and fertilization management, especially for modern materials. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of nitrogen (N) and potassium (K) doses on dry matter (DM) and nutrient accumulation in a modern hybrid of biomass sorghum cultivated in an Oxisol. For that, two separate trials were carried out with the hybrid Palo Alto 2562, grown in 2015/16 summer season in the central-western region of Brazil. Both trials were carried out in a randomized block design with four replicates and five doses: 0, 70, 140, 210 and 280 kg ha-1 (of N or K). The hybrid Palo Alto 2562 responded positively to N fertilization. The DM production and N accumulation hybrid of Palo Alto 2562 was increased as N fertilization added, reaching, respectively, values of 24.6 Mg ha-1 and 206 kg ha-1 at dose of 280 kg ha-1 N. Also, in order to avoid depletion of N levels in the soil we required a fertilization of at least 140 kg ha-1 N. The Palo Alto 2562 hybrid has a high absorption capacity of K, which is the most absorbed nutrient by the plant, reaching values of 316 kg ha-1. However, in this study due to high levels of K in the soil and high K saturation in CEC, the K fertilization may be not necessary to produce sorghum biomass.

Epidemiological profile of patients hospitalized with candiduria in the Central-Western region of Brazil

BackgroundCandida yeasts are considered the main agents of nosocomial fungal infections. AimsThis study aimed to establish the epidemiological profile of patients with candiduria hospitalized in the capital of the State of Mato Grosso, in the Central-Western region of Brazil. MethodsPatients from three private hospitals and a public hospital participated in the study. This was an observational and cross-sectional study including analysis of patients mortality. It was carried out from March to August 2015. ResultsA total of 93 patients with candiduria were evaluated. Candida tropicalis was found most commonly (37.6%; n=35), followed by Candida albicans (36.6%; n=34), Candida glabrata (19.3%; n=18), psilosis complex (4.3%; n=4), Candida lusitaniae (1.1%; n=1) and Candida krusei (1.1%; n=1). Antibiotic therapy (100%) and the use of an indwelling urinary catheter (89.2%; n=83) were the most frequent predisposing factors. Antifungal treatment was given to 65.6% of the patients, and anidulafungin was the most used antifungal. Mortality rates were 48% higher among patients with candiduria who had renal failure. Micafungin was the antifungal most prescribed among the patients who died. Candidemia concomitant with candiduria occurred in eight (8.6%; n=8) cases. Considering the species recovered in the blood and urine, only one patient had genetically distinct clinical isolates. ConclusionsNon-C. albicans Candida species were predominant, with C. tropicalis being the most responsible for most cases of candiduria.

Yeasts and filamentous fungi in psittacidae and birds of prey droppings in midwest region of Brazil: a potential hazard to human health.

Birds of prey and from Psittacidae family are host to fungal microbiota and play an important role in the epidemiology of zoonoses. Few studies in the literature have characterized mycelial and yeast fungi in the droppings of these birds and correlated the isolates with the zoonotic potential of the microorganisms. Droppings from 149 birds were evaluated and divided into two groups: captive: Rhea americana araneipes, Primolius maracana, Ara ararauna, Ara chloropterus, Anodorhynchus hyacinthinus, Amazona aestiva, Ara macao macao, Ramphastos toco, Sarcoramphus papa, Busarellus nigricollis, Bubo virginianus nacurutu, Buteogallus coronatus, Buteogallus urubitinga urubitinga, Spizaetus melanoleucus, Spizaetus ornatus ornatus, Buteo albonotatus, Geranoaetus albicaudatus albicaudatus, Rupornis magnirostris magnirostris and Harpia harpyja, and quarantined birds: Amazona aestiva and Eupsitulla aurea. The fungal isolates were identified according to macroscopic (gross colony appearance), micromorphological and biochemical characteristics. Among birds displayed in enclosures, Aspergillus niger (41.1%) and Candida kefyr (63.8%) were the fungi most frequently isolated in Harpia harpyja and Ramphastos toco, respectively. For quarantined birds, the following percentages were observed in Eupsittula aurea , (76.6%) C. krusei, (84.4%) C. kefyr and (15.2%) C. famata, while in Amazona aestiva, (76.2%) C. krusei was observed. These findings indicate potentially pathogenic species in the bird droppings assessed, which constitute a risk of exposure for keepers and individuals who visit the zoo. Birds of the Cerrado and Pantanal of Mato Grosso (Central Western region of Brazil) could act in the epidemiological chain of important zoonoses.