Central Provinces Of India Research Articles

Rethinking melas as subaltern spaces: Pardhan blacksmiths and some aspects of ‘caste-passing’ in fairs, 1872–1931

Nineteenth-century melas (fairs) were evanescent public spaces that facilitated anonymity and unplanned encounters between castes, classes, men and women. By recognizing caste-passing in various mela clusters, historians gain insights into a range of subaltern debates about caste. Caste-passing involved lower caste adoption of the accouterments of upper castes and threatened social hierarchy. Opaque to police, associational life within fairs signified a society undergoing transformation. The figure of the Pardhan blacksmith embodied the unknowable fair-going crowd. Hailing from an adivasi (indigenous) community in the Central Provinces of India, these blacksmiths attracted police notice. Pardhan blacksmiths deployed their skills towards manufacturing imitation gold; at the fair they passed off as members of upper castes. For the police, Pardhan caste-passing within fairs threatened to unravel taxonomies of tribe and caste, region and religion. It was at the fair that hounded and persecuted Pardhan blacksmiths found some respite from the theft of their lands and labour. Through an analysis of caste-passing, a social history emerges of nineteenth-century fairs in colonial India that foregrounds experiences of those fairgoers who were members of ‘criminal tribes’ persecuted by colonial police, and the plebeian multitude that mingled in melas and participated in anti-caste debates.

The Major Ore Clusters of Super-Large Iron Deposits in the World, Present Situation of Iron Resources in China, and Prospect

The metamorphosed sedimentary type of iron deposits (BIF) is the most important type of iron deposits in the world, and super-large iron ore clusters of this type include the Quadrilatero Ferrifero district and Carajas in Brazil, Hamersley in Australia, Kursk in Russia, Central Province of India and Anshan-Benxi in China. Subordinated types of iron deposits are magmatic, volcanic-hosted and sedimentary ones. This paper briefly introduces the geological characteristics of major super-large iron ore clusters in the world. The proven reserves of iron ores in China are relatively abundant, but they are mainly low-grade ores. Moreover, a considerate part of iron ores are difficult to utilize for their difficult ore dressing, deep burial or other reasons. Iron ore deposits are relatively concentrated in 11 metallogenic provinces (belts), such as the Anshan-Benxi, eastern Hebei, Xichang-Central Yunnan Province and middle-lower reaches of Yangtze River. The main minerogenetic epoches vary widely from the Archean to Quaternary, and are mainly the Late Archean to Middle Proterozoic, Variscan, and Yanshanian periods. The main 7 genetic types of iron deposits in China are metamorphosed sedimentary type (BIF), magmatic type, volcanic-hosted type, skarn type, hydrothermal type, sedimentary type and weathered leaching type. The iron-rich ores occur predominantly in the skarn and marine volcanic-hosted iron deposits, locally in the metamorphosed sedimentary type (BIF) as hydrothermal reformation products. The theory of minerogenetic series of mineral deposits and minerogenic models has applied in investigation and prospecting of iron ore deposits. A combination of deep analyses of aeromagnetic anomalies and geomagnetic anomalies, with gravity anomalies are an effective method to seeking large and deep-buried iron deposits. China has a relatively great ore-searching potential of iron ores, especially for metamorphosed sedimentary, skarn, and marine volcanic-hosted iron deposits. For the lower guarantee degree of iron and steel industry, China should give a trading and open the foreign mining markets.

Driving a Bus in India: A Study of Indore Bus Rapid Transport System

Indore is a typical tier-2 town in the central province of India, fast becoming a regional commercial hub in an economically booming state. The city has a population of over 2 million with no significant public transport. Among the multiple options available, the city started implementing a dedicated corridor based Bus Rapid Transport System (BRTS). The project was jointly mooted by the central, state, and city authorities. However, the system encountered a range of problems, including conflicts and pulls between multiple implementing agencies, delays in delivery of hardware and constructions, land acquisition and compensation, vested interests, public interest litigations, and court orders. The paper analyses the BRTS, introduced in Indore in the midst of 2013, from multiple party perspectives with an underlying search for public policy and public management insights. The broad results indicate feasibility and desirability of the project; however, real problems emerge in public and public perception management.

Seasonal Variation in Physicochemical Parameters and Heavy Metals in Water of Upper Lake of Bhopal

Heavy metal pollution of fresh water is the single most important environmental threat to the future. Upper Lake is a freshwater lake, which is the major source of drinking water in the city of Bhopal, the capital city of M.P., the central province of India, but due to anthropogenic activities this lake is being polluted. During the investigation heavy metals and physicochemical parameters were analyzed to determine the water quality seasonally in the year of 2006 and 2007. All the physicochemical parameters except DO (6.50-6.97 mg l⁻¹), Free CO₂ (0.8-1.6 mg l⁻¹) and BOD (5.47-6.85 mg l⁻¹) were below the prescribed limit as recommended by Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) for drinking water standards. In case of heavy metals, Ni (0.173-0.253 mg l⁻¹) and Cr (0.047-0.087 mg l⁻¹) were found beyond the prescribed limits (0.02 and 0.05 mg l⁻¹, respectively), whereas Pb (0.057-0.087 mg l⁻¹), Cu (0.016-0.020 mg l⁻¹) and Hg (0.0006-0.0011 mg l⁻¹) were within the safe limit. This study reveals that water of upper lake is partially polluted with heavy metals. It is recommended that strict vigilance and constant monitoring are needed to maintain water quality of the lake, which is a major source of potable water for the Bhopal city.

The Children of Hari: A Study of the Nimar Balahis in the Central Provinces of India.

The Children of Hari: A Study of the Nimar Balahis in the Central Provinces of India.

The Trade of the Central Provinces of India (1861-1880)

The Trade of the Central Provinces of India (1861-1880)

Crop Trends in the Central Provinces of India, 1861–1921

In the opening chapter of his study of Agricultural Trends in India, 1891–1947, George Blyn explains the double significance of determining crop production trends in a society where agriculture is the largest single sector of the economy. Firstly, crop trends reveal the nature of changes in production and provide the basis for estimating changes in consumption. Secondly, since availability of crops for consumption depends not only on output but also on foreign trade, changes in cropping patterns provide a basis for estimating the pace and direction of commercialization of the economy. Blyn's study covers the fifty-six years before Indian independence and provides detailed analysis of such topics as aggregate crop trends for the eighteen crops that constituted most of India's agriculture. More recently, there have been a number of studies concerned with the agricultural history of nineteenth-century India. My own work is concerned with the social and economic history of the Central Provinces for the period 1861–1921. Within this broad subject an important specific topic is that of cropping patterns. This paper provides data on crop trends in this part of India for a period of fifty-four years from 1867 to 1921 and evaluates and analyzes this data. Its object is to establish the broad trends in cropping patterns and to shed some light on methods of agriculture in the Central Provinces in the later nineteenth century and the early part of the twentieth century. (Provincial data are given in Tables 1.1 and 1.2 at the end of the paper.)

“A curious exercise of political economy”: Some implications of British land revenue policy in the central provinces of India 1861 ‐c. 1900

(1976). “A curious exercise of political economy”: Some implications of British land revenue policy in the central provinces of India 1861 ‐c. 1900. South Asia: Journal of South Asian Studies: Vol. 6, No. 1, pp. 14-33.

Prospects in the Caribbean

DIVISION is the heritage of the Caribbean. The separate ness of the islands in the archipelago that curves for a thousand miles from the tip of Florida to the mouth of the Orinoco is reflected in the fact that they have no common name. Each island shares with the others the same startling beauty of sun-drenched mountains and peacock seas; each has the same social configuration resulting from the same techniques of pro duction, the intensive cultivation of one crop, and slavery. Yet the keynote is contrast, the dominant theme competition. One reason for this is that the archipelago extends over a great dis tance; if Port of Spain were to be placed where Savannah is, San Juan would fall on Indianapolis and Havana in northeastern Wy oming. But history, not geography, supplies the chief reason, for even those islands which lie within easy reach of each other turn their faces toward Europe and their backs on their neighbors. The rivalries of Western Europe broke the region into segments, each tightly integrated into the trading system of the metropolitan power, sealed off in an almost watertight compartment and stocked with people brought together from Europe, a score of West African kingdoms and the central provinces of India. No where else in the New World is there so sharp a juxtaposition of different races, languages, religions?different legal, educational and political systems. Yet the compelling need is to jettison the heritage of division. Will this be any easier now following the breakup of the Federa tion, when Jamaica and Trinidad and Tobago are independent countries and seven or eight smaller islands are on the point of in dependence? Will the breaking of the last imperial ties with Brit ain mean that West Indians will reject insularity and parochial ism and move closer to Latin America? Does West Indian inde

A Glossopteris bearing Sori-Sike Structures

IT had been indicated by Feistmantel1 that some species of Glossopteris bear sori in one of the following patterns, namely, in longitudinal rows (Indian materials), along the veins (Australian materials) and along the margin (Indian materials). Unfortunately, these structures were not well recognized in the subsequent literature on fructifications assigned to Glossopteris. Recently, an undetermined species of Glossopteris, bearing sori-like bodies (Fig. 1) as described by Feist-mantel1,2, has been collected from the Middle Permian (Barakar) in the Central Province of India. The specific determination of the specimen was not possible because its upper half only is preserved and the venation (excepting the midrib) is not always distinct. The rock bearing the fossil is a piece of soft greyish shale.

Structure of Vertebraria

A REMARKABLE completely fusinized specimen of Vertebraria indica Royle (Fig. 1) has recently been collected from the south of Jhagrakhand Colliery (Middle Permian) in the Central Province of India. The rock bearing the fossil is a piece of greyish shale. It shows the characteristic rectangular blocks with two longitudinal and a number of transverse grooves of Vertebraria. The fusinized rectangular blocks are sometimes as thick as ½ in. This type of well-organized fusinized fossil is not very common.

The Children of Hari. A Study of the Nimar Balahis in the Central Provinces of India.

The Children of Hari. A Study of the Nimar Balahis in the Central Provinces of India.

Chemical examination of plant insecticides

The roots of Derris scandens obtained from the Central Provinces of India have now been investigated in detail. From the chloroform extractives (7·0%) three crystalline substances could be isolated and characterised. There is no rotenone. The major component is scandenin, as in the case of the American sample examined by Clark; but the yield is much higher. The other two substances appear to be new compounds and are therefore named 'Nallanin' and 'Chandanin'. Lonchocarpic and robustic acids are not found in the Indian roots. Nallanin has the molecular formula C 26 H 26 O 5 , contains one methoxyl and two hydroxyls, one of which seems to be phenolic and the other alcoholic. On the other hand, Chandanin has the molecular formula C 29 H 30 O 7 possesses three methoxyls and four phenolic hydroxyls; it seems to be rather extraordinary in its characteristics.

Prehistory in the Deccan

So long ago as 1930, in the September number of Antiquity, Mr. M. C. Burkitt made an attempt to set out in some order the early archaeological discoveries of south-east India. The bases for the study were the finds and notes made during a long period of years by Mr. L. A. Cammiade over a wide area of country including the districts along the lower reaches of the Godavari River. Actually, the finds made near this river were all from the surface and could not be accurately dated. They were, however, mostly microlithic in character ; but it was clear that many ages were represented. Mr. H. D. Sankalia has now published a short article, “Studies in Prehistory of the Deccan (Maharashtra): a Survey of the Godavari and the Kadva near Niphad” “(Bull. Deccan Coll. Res. Inst.,” 4, No. 3) which, while not taking us much further, has a certain interest. Briefly, the Godavari has, in places, cut down through the trap to a low level, having previously deposited on the trap a series of gravels in which Mr. Sankalia has discovered a few artefacts in situ. Unfortunately, the illustrations are not very good, and it does not appear that any outstanding finds have been made, but Mr. Sankalia is to be congratulated on having started an investigation which eventually may prove to be of considerable interest. It must always be remembered that the well-known micro-industries of the rock shelters in the Central Provinces of India, far from corresponding to the Mesolithic industries of Britain, are apparently for the most part post-Christian in date. At the same time there are post-Middle Stone Age finds of small implements in the Cammiade collection which probably do date to Late Pleistocene times. Further work by Mr. Sankalia may help to elucidate these problems.

On Coal Veins in Malaya

For many years I have been interested in the colloidal nature of coal. As long ago as 1914, in discussing the coal resources of Korea State in the Central Provinces of India, I suggested that the bright bands of the Korea coals are colloidal. It is suitable to quote here the exact words used:—

On some New Avian Cestodes from India

On many occasions during the years 1921 and 1922 I devoted my leisure to collecting Cestode and other Helminth parasites from wild birds in the United and Central Provinces of India. A large proportion of the material collected consists of species already known but the remainder contains some new and interesting forms, and three of these I am describing in the present paper.

Art. VII.—The Languages of the Caucasus

There are two or three corners in the world's surface, in which a strange collection of diverse languages is found, the survivals of extinct races, once great and strong. The Central Provinces of India, the refuge of the Kolarian aboriginal tribes; the hills and valleys of Abyssinia, in which remnants of Hamitic, or even Pre-Hamitic, races, pushed aside by the advent of the powerful Semites, are still found: the plateau of Tibet, and the Eastern slopes of that plateau: all these three are instances of the phenomena, which I describe: but none is so noticeable as the Range of the Caucasus, one of the dividing lines of Europe and Asia. As after a great hunt animals of all descriptions and sizes take refuge in some secure copse, or some unapproachable mountain, so, when the great Procession of the Indo-European or Aryan, races from their primeval home on the Hindu Kúsh commenced, all the Pre-Aryan races, which were not destroyed, were pushed aside. In the West of Europe there is one solitary survival, the Basque in the Pyrenees: on the extreme East of Europe we find a cluster of languages in the Caucasus, which are neither Aryan, nor Semitic, nor Altaic.

Remarks on a So-Called New, or Hitherto Unobserved, Type of Fever in the Central Provinces of India

Remarks on a So-Called New, or Hitherto Unobserved, Type of Fever in the Central Provinces of India

II.—On the Vindhyan Series, as Exhibited in the North-Western and Central Provinces of India. by Fred. R. Mallet, F.G.S.

II.—On the Vindhyan Series, as Exhibited in the North-Western and Central Provinces of India. by Fred. R. Mallet, F.G.S.

On the Excavation of a Large Raised Stone Circle or Barrow Near the Village of Wurreegaon, One Mile from the Military Station of Kamptee, Central Provinces of India

On the Excavation of a Large Raised Stone Circle or Barrow Near the Village of Wurreegaon, One Mile from the Military Station of Kamptee, Central Provinces of India