Central Province Of Iran Research Articles

The relationship between spiritual health and quality of life among COVID-19 patients with long-term complications in the post-coronavirus era.

COVID-19 has varied manifestations and can cause complications that affect quality of life. Spiritual health may be a source of adaptation for these patients. This study investigated the relationship between spiritual health and quality of life among COVID-19 patients with long-term complications in the post-coronavirus era. This study enrolled 475 COVID-19 patients through convenience sampling from medical facilities located in the Central Province of Iran. Data collection occurred between November 2022 and July 2023. A demographic checklist was utilized to ascertain the presence of potential COVID-19 complications. Patients exhibiting at least one long-term complication of COVID-19 were classified into the group with complications, while those without such complications were categorized into the group without complications. Subsequently, spiritual health and quality of life were assessed utilizing Paloutzian and Ellison's Spiritual Well-Being Scale and the 36-item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36), respectively. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS-20. The mean scores of spiritual well-being and quality of life for participants without COVID-19 complications were 70.87 ± 22.44 and 61.30 ± 18.33, respectively. In contrast, the mean spiritual health scores and quality of life for participants with COVID-19 complications were 41.20 ± 12.49 and 33.66 ± 1.46, respectively. Moreover, spiritual well-being was positively associated with quality of life among COVID-19 patients (p < 0.05). This study indicates that COVID-19 complications can impair patients' spiritual health and quality of life, leaving them vulnerable and distressed. However, patients with higher spiritual health can cope better and enjoy a higher quality of life, despite challenges. Therefore, this study highlights the importance of addressing the spiritual needs of patients with COVID-19 complications and providing them with adequate support and care.

Laboratory, Clinical, and Para-clinical Symptoms of Children with Covid-19: A Gender-based Cross-Sectional Study

Background Children show milder symptoms of COVID-19 with lower mortality rates. The manifestation of COVID-19 in the pediatric population is an understudied topic. Our aim was to investigate the clinical and para-clinical manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 in children in the Central province of Iran. Materials and Methods We investigated the clinical and para-clinical manifestations of children referred to all hospitals in the Central Province of Iran from March 2019 to June 2020. Results We surveyed 96 pediatric patients hospitalized in hospitals in the Central Province of Iran. The average age of the patients was 110 months. 53% of patients (51 people) were male. The analysis did not show a significant relationship between the laboratory results and the gender of the patients. Conclusion Male and female pediatric patients had the same condition in terms of clinical manifestations, laboratory results and antibiotic use.

Predicting COVID-19 Hospital Stays with Kolmogorov–Gabor Polynomials: Charting the Future of Care

Optimal allocation of ward beds is crucial given the respiratory nature of COVID-19, which necessitates urgent hospitalization for certain patients. Several governments have leveraged technology to mitigate the pandemic’s adverse impacts. Based on clinical and demographic variables assessed upon admission, this study predicts the length of stay (LOS) for COVID-19 patients in hospitals. The Kolmogorov–Gabor polynomial (a.k.a., Volterra functional series) was trained using regularized least squares and validated on a dataset of 1600 COVID-19 patients admitted to Khorshid Hospital in the central province of Iran, and the five-fold internal cross-validated results were presented. The Volterra method provides flexibility, interactions among variables, and robustness. The most important features of the LOS prediction system were inflammatory markers, bicarbonate (HCO3), and fever—the adj. R2 and Concordance Correlation Coefficients were 0.81 [95% CI: 0.79–0.84] and 0.94 [0.93–0.95], respectively. The estimation bias was not statistically significant (p-value = 0.777; paired-sample t-test). The system was further analyzed to predict “normal” LOS ≤ 7 days versus “prolonged” LOS &gt; 7 days groups. It showed excellent balanced diagnostic accuracy and agreement rate. However, temporal and spatial validation must be considered to generalize the model. This contribution is hoped to pave the way for hospitals and healthcare providers to manage their resources better.

Passive Case Findings on Malaria in Yazd as a Central Province of Iran During 2011-2020

1- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Infectious Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran 2- Infectious Diseases Department of Yazd Health Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran 3- General Courses Department, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran 4- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, Paramedical School, Gerash University of Medical Sciences, Gerash, Iran 5- Biostatics and Epidemiology Department, School of Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran 6- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran , Rezaee.para92@gmail.com

Multi-Criteria Decision-Making System for Wind Farm Site-Selection Using Geographic Information System (GIS): Case Study of Semnan Province, Iran

Selecting the best place for constructing a renewable power plant is a vital issue that can be considered a site-selection problem. Various factors are involved in selecting the best location for a renewable power plant. Therefore, it categorizes as a multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) problem. In this study, the site selection of a wind power plant is investigated in a central province of Iran, Semnan. The main criteria for classifying various parts of the province were selected and pairwise compared using experts’ opinions in this field. Furthermore, multiple restrictions were applied according to local and constitutional rules and regulations. The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) was used to weigh the criteria, and according to obtained weights, wind speed, and slope were the essential criteria. Moreover, a geographic information system (GIS) is used to apply the weighted criteria and restrictions. The province’s area is classified into nine classes according to the results. Based on the restrictions, 36.2% of the total area was unsuitable, mainly located in the north part of the province. Furthermore, 2.68% (2618 km2) and 4.98% (4857 km2) of the total area are the ninth and eightieth classes, respectively, which are the best locations for constructing a wind farm. The results show that, although the wind speed and slope are the most essential criteria, the distance from power facilities and communication routes has an extreme impact on the initial costs and final results. The results of this study are reliable and can help to develop the wind farm industry in the central part of Iran.

Scientific links between Awh and Al- Al Hilla al_Faihaa The scientific

Awh، a village thirty kilometers away from the city of Sawa in the central province of Iran، and has a lifespan that extends to 7000 years old according to the remaining historical monuments of Islam، where it was called &lt;awkan or Abakeneh، then it was named &lt;Abh or Awh&gt; in Islamic times.Awh، it flourished in the era of the Timorese in particular. It described the goodness and payment for the goodness of her people and their adherence to the mandate of 'ahl albayt(ealayhm alsalam/peace on them) and their adherence to Shiism from a long time ago until It was considered the second city in her Shiism after the honorable Qom، and has a bright role in spreading the Twelver Doctrine of the endeavors of its scholars and jurists، many of whom studied in the city of Hilla، present the science and jurisprudence of its era And It has prominent scientific figures، the most important of which is the scholar Al-Hassan Bin Al-Muthar Al-Hilli (D 726 AH) Thus the Al 'Awayun grew up scientifically in the aforementioned city، and recorded signs of a close relationship between those Shiite towns. This research highlights the city of Awh and some of its men who were disciples of Allamah Al-Hilli and witnessed the history books for them.

Bioremediation of cardboard recycling industry effluents using mixed fungal culture

PurposeThis paper aims to evaluate the bioremediation [chemical oxygen demand (COD) and color removal] of the effluent from the cardboard recycling industry in Yazd, central province of Iran, using mixed fungal culture.Design/methodology/approachFirst, the effluent samples from the cardboard recycling industry were cultured on potato dextrose agar medium to isolate native fungal colonies. The grown colonies were then identified using morphological macroscopic and microscopic characteristics to choose the dominant fungi for bioremediations. The mixed cultures of Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus and Penicillium digitatum were finally used for bioremediation experiments of the cardboard recycling industry. A suspension containing 1 × 106 CFU/ml of fungal spores was prepared from each fungus, separately and their homogenous mixture. Sewage samples were prepared and sterilized and used at 25%, 50% and 90% dilutions and pH levels of 5, 7 and 8 for bioremediation tests using mixed fungal spores. Following that, 10 ml of the mixed fungal spores were inoculated into the samples for decolorization and COD removal and incubated for 10 days at 30°C. The amount of COD removal and decolorization were measured before incubation and after 3, 6 and 10 days of inoculation. In this research, the color was measured by American Dye Manufacturer Institute and COD by the closed reflux method. The results of the present study were analyzed using SPSS 21 statistical software and one-way ANOVA tests at p-value < 0.05.FindingsThe results of this research showed that the mean decolorization by mixed fungal culture over 10 days at pH levels of 5, 7 and 8 were 44.40%, 45.00% and 36.84%, respectively, and the mean COD removal efficiency was 71.59%, 73.54% and 16.55%, respectively. Moreover, the mean decolorization at dilutions of 25%, 50% and 90% were 45.00%, 31.93% and 30.53%, respectively, and the mean COD removal efficiency was 73.54%, 62.38% and 34.93%, respectively. Therefore, the maximal COD removal and decolorization efficiency was obtained at dilution of 25% and pH 7.Originality/valueGiven that limited studies have been conducted on bioremediation of the effluent from the cardboard recycling industry using fungal species, this research could provide useful information on the physicochemical properties of the effluent in this industry.

The Prevalence of Lower Urinary Tract symptoms (LUTS) and incontinence in Iranian Women.

Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms (LUTS) affect many women worldwide. The prevalence of LUTS among Iranian women has not been reported. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the prevalence of Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms and its bother rate among women ?20 years old living in Isfahan, a central province of Iran. This was a descriptive cross-sectional study. The data was collected using a population-based survey on women aged ?20 years selected from the general population of Isfahan (a central province of Iran. A total of 2609 women were approached for the study. After obtaining demographic features, the participants completed the Persian version of the International Consultation on Incontinence Modular Questionnaire for Female Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms (ICIQ-FLUTS). 95.5% of the participants had at least one Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms. The most common symptoms were urgency (82.4%) and stress urinary incontinence (44.5%). Nocturia (one or more occasions) was also noted in 60.7%. The highest bother rate was related to urgency. The prevalence of Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms was high in the studied women. Among Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms, urgency and nocturnal enuresis were the most and the least frequent symptoms. However, the bother rate of the symptoms was relatively low.

Survival Rate of Patients with Bladder Cancer in Yazd, Central Province of Iran

Abstract Background: Bladder cancer is the ninth most commonly diagnosed malignancy worldwide. The trend of bladder cancer incidence and mortality is rising in Iran. This study was aimed to evaluate the survival rate of patients with bladder cancer in Yazd province, Iran. Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, data were collected from 340 patients suffering from bladder cancer referred to Shahid Rahnemon and Shohada-Kargar Hospitals in Yazd province, Iran between April, 2001 and March, 2012. Variables included age, gender, stage of cancer, place of residence and type of treatment. The Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analyses were used to evaluate the relationship between each variable and survival time. A P value less than 0.05 was considered significant. Results: The mean age of total patients was 65.8 ± 13.6 years, and their mean survival time was 68.55 ± 6.05 months. Cumulative survival rates at the end of 1, 3, and 5 years in bladder cancer patients were 91%, 58%, and 51.4%, respectively. A statistically significant association was found between age (P = 0.005), stage of disease (P = 0.0003), type of treatment (P = 0.0003) and survival time of patients. Data showed no significant correlation between age, gender, place of residence and patients’ survival. Conclusions: The survival of patients suffering from bladder cancer in this study was less than other reports. Patients’age and cancer stage were the effective factors in survival time. Continuous screening of older people for cancer diagnosis in early stages is seemed to improve survival in patients. Keywords: Bladder; Cancer; Survival Rate; Iran

Multiple Sclerosis in Iran

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an immune-mediated disease of the central nervous system (CNS). This highly disabling disorder is characterized by a variable clinical course. MS is a heterogeneous disease with a complex pathology and significant social and economic impact. MS is associated with dysfunction of parts of the nervous system which results in a range of signs and symptoms, including physical, mental, and sometimes psychiatric problems. There is no definite treatment for MS. Iran has been thought to be located in the low risk zone of MS prevalence. However, recent studies and investigations in some cities such as Isfahan, a central province of Iran, have suggested a medium-to-high risk level of MS prevalence. Pathophysiological processes in MS contribute to the disease course and clinical manifestations. Therefore, biomarkers that are indicators of these events would provide significant potential for diagnosis, prediction of disease course, and optimization of therapeutic responses. This review provides information on the prevalence of MS and some risk factors among Iranian people.

Epidemiology of Substance Abuse Among Iranian Adolescents (Yazd: 2014)

Background: Substance abuse in adolescents and its outcomes is one of the important public health concerns. Objectives: The present study aimed at estimating the prevalence of substance abuse and evaluating some of its associated factors in Iranian adolescents. Methods: A self-administered questionnaire was completed by 730 randomly selected students with a mean age of 17.6 ± 0.61 years during a cross sectional study in Yazd, a central province of Iran, during 2014. The aim of the questionnaire was to obtain information on substance abuse and socioeconomic information. Logistic regression model and Chi-square, or Fisher exact test were used for statistical analysis using SPSS; and P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The highest frequency of one time and more than one time drug usage among students pertained to hookah 41.1% and 31.1%, cigarette 17.5% and 8.1%, alcohol 10.8% and 7.5%, Opiates 4.1% and 0.8%, hashish, bang or marijuana 1.9% and 0.7%, stimulants and hallucinogens 3.4% and 0.8%, and glue and lighter gas 0.8% and 0.7%, respectively. Based on the results in logistic regression models, male gender (AOR:3.02), mathematical physics (AOR:1.8), hookah and alcohol experience (AOR:14.4 and 3.4) for regular smoking in Model 1; male gender(AOR:2.7), cigarette and hookah experience (AOR:3.2 and 7.6) for ever use of alcohol in Model 2; and male gender (AOR:2.5), mathematics course studding (AOR:1.6), poor educational condition (AOR:1.7), high level of father education (AOR:3.9), and tranquilizer experience (AOR:5.8) for ever use of illicit drugs in Model 3 were considered as predicting factors. For all the above- mentioned, p-values were less than 0.05. Conclusions: In the present study, it was found that drug abuse is at a warning rate. The findings pointed to the need for interventional plans to improve adolescents’ health with regards to substance abuse. Conducting more studies on this population is necessary to approve the observed results of the present study.

Industrial workers' postures analysis by a new method named “loading on the upper body assessment” in Iran

Background: Occupational diseases such as musculoskeletal disorders changed to be one of the most important issues in different workplaces. They could be obvious on various parts of the body. Although researchers can find different sorts of techniques to assess Work Related MusculoSkeletal Disorders (WRDSDs) they look forward to find newer ones that are more strength. Objective: This in this cross-sectional and descriptive-analytical study was objected to evaluate posture of workers in a publishing industry by Loading on the Upper Body Assessment (LUBA) as a new method and also Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (NMQ), to analyze risk factors of WRMSDs in a central province of Iran. Materials and Methods: All workers were included. Gathering data about musculoskeletal disorders was done using NMQ. LUBA considers postures of four body parts including neck, shoulder, elbow, and wrist. Finally, data were tested through SPSS Version 20 and by applying Mann–Whitney, Kruskal–Wallis and Kappa agreement tests. Results: NMQ depicted that the most problems were in lumbar with the prevalence of 35.1%. One more thing, it was found that postures in the second action level and needed to more studies were in majority results showed the position of posture can predict disorders in this part of the body (P

Distribution of Hepatitis C virus genotypes in Yazd, Central Province of Iran: increasing the mixed genotypes

Distribution of Hepatitis C virus genotypes in Yazd, Central Province of Iran: increasing the mixed genotypes

Silico-tuberculosis and associated risk factors in central province of Iran.

IntroductionCo-existence of silicosis and tuberculosis is known as silico-tuberculosis. This article review the frequency of silicosis and tuberculosis in workers who exposed to silica and evaluate influencing factors that may increase the risk of silico-tuberculosis.MethodsAn analytical cross-sectional study was performed in silica exposed workers in central province of Iran during 2011-2012. Sampling method was un-randomized and considering all workers who at least 6 months exposed to silica. The study was done via questionnaire, clinical examination, spirometry, chest x-ray and tuberculosis investigations.ResultsA total of 3121 workers were included in the study, the mean age of participants was 43.1±12.4 years, and mean employment duration 14.9±6.8 years. Prevalence of TB in silica-exposed workers without silicosis was 172 cases per 100 000 people and prevalence in silicosis cases was 917 cases per 100 000 people. Incidence of TB in silica-exposed workers without silicosis was 69 cases per 100 000 people and incidence in silicosis cases was 459 cases per 100 000 people. The frequency of LTBI/TB was higher in age over thirty years old (P = 0.02), in workers with employment duration over 10 years (P = 0.004), in workers with exposure duration over 5 years (P = 0.03) and smokers with over 5 pack-years (P = 0.01).ConclusionExposure to silica causes a renewed multiplication of bacilli in the healing TB lesions. Prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis in Silicosis is more common when compared to prevalence in general population, hence all should use prophylactic measures Intensification of work place.

High Prevalence of Symptomatic Hepatitis A Infection in Rural Area of Chaharmahal VA Bakhtiari Province, Iran

Hepatitis A virus (HAV) is the most common cause of hepatitis during childhood and is an important public health problem. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate an outbreak of symptomatic viral hepatitis in children and in young adults in a rural area from Chaharmahal Va Bakhtiari Province, Iran. Serum samples from the 70 patients with icterus, who were suspected for HAV infection, referred to a therapeutic center in a central province of Iran from February to July, 2010 were tested for IgM specific antibody to HAV, using Enzyme linked Fluorscent assay (ELFA) Kit (General Biological Corp., Hsinchu, Taiwan). All of the 70 children had jaundice. The ELFA results showed that 48 out of 70 (68.6%) tested positive for anti-HAV specific antibody (IgM). The mean age of the individuals were 12.81+12.2 and 23 of them (32.8%) were females. There was significant relationship between seropositivity for IgM anti-HAV antibody and age group in the patients studied (p<0.05). The high number of cases identified, may indicate an outbreak of hepatitis A in this region with the children as the most susceptible age group to this symptomatic infection.

The High Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus in Yazd

The prevalence of obesity and overweight in most population is increasing alarmingly. This rise is associated with economic development, increasing urbanization, change in dietary and other lifestyle patterns and also reduced physical activity. Last studies showed that type 2 diabetes incidence rise with increasing body mass index (BMI). This paper evaluated the prevalence of overweight and obesity among diabetic patients. A total of 518 consecutive central-based patients (198 males and 320 females) with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) were investigated in this prospective cross-sectional study. The overall prevalence of overweight and obesity (BMI>25 kg/m2) was 76%. The mean of BMI in women was 26.66 ± 3.98 and in men was 28.70 ± 4.36. The prevalence of overweight and obesity were 48% and 28%, respectively. This paper indicated a high prevalence of overweight and obesity in diabetic patients in Yazd (central province of Iran).

Heat Exchanger Design of Direct Evaporative Cooler Based on Outdoor and Indoor Environmental Conditions

Performance of a direct evaporative cooler (DEC) was numerically studied at various outdoor and indoor air conditions, with geometric and physical characteristics of it being extracted based on thermal comfort criteria. For this purpose, a mathematical model was utilized based on the equations of mass, momentum, and energy conservation to determine heat and mass transfer characteristics of the system. It is found that the DEC can provide thermal comfort conditions when the outdoor air temperature and relative humidity (RH) are in the range of 27–41 °C and 10–60%, respectively. The findings also revealed that by raising the RH of ambient air, the system will reach the maximum allowed RH faster and hence a smaller heat exchanger can be used when the ambient air has higher RH. Finally, performance of the DEC in a central province of Iran was investigated, and a design guideline was proposed to determine size of the required plate heat exchangers at various operating conditions.

Epidemiology and trend of cancer in Yazd, a central province of Iran, 2005-2009.

Cancer incidence rate is increasing in the world particularly in developing countries. The awareness regarding cancer incidence and distribution helps policy makers and researchers to design comprehensive plan for controlling cancer. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence rate and trend of cancer in Yazd Province, central Iran. Data from Yazd cancer registry were derived from 2005 to 2009. Direct standardization through world standard population produced by the world health organization was used and Age- Standardized Incidence rate (ASR) was calculated. Data were analyzed using ASR, by EXCEL and SPSS software. The new cases of cancer were 4631 patients from 2005 to 2009. Mean age of these patients was 57.98 ±27.49 years and 53.5% were male. Female patients were approximately 5 years younger than males. The most frequent cancer was breast in women followed by skin, colorectal, hematologic system and stomach. The 5 most frequent cancers in men were skin, bladder, colorectal, stomach and prostate. The ASR in 2005 to 2009 was respectively 85.2, 86.1, 92.6, 102.2 and 104.7 per 100,000 populations. ASR of cancer is increasing rapidly in Yazd Province. It is necessary to have a comprehensive health policy for prevention and control of this problem.

Comparison of the genetic convergence between mycobacterium strains by three RFLP-based methods in central province of Iran.

The utilization of molecular techniques in the epidemiology of tuberculosis have provided an opportunity for using effective markers to trace the transmission of the disease. The purpose of this study was to compare the genetic patterns of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by three methods of RFLP technique. In a cross-sectional and prospective study, 95 strains of M. tuberculosis isolates were selected for DNA fingerprinting. Extraction of DNA from Mycobacterium strains and DNA fingerprinting with IS-6110, PGRS and DR probe were performed by standard protocols. Overall, the diversity of RFLP among 95 tuberculosis patients were 48, 50 and 45 on the basis of IS6110, PGRS and DR patterns, respectively. Twenty of these patterns (21.1%) with IS6110-RFLP, twenty-two (23.2%) with PGRS-RFLP and seventeen (17.9%) with DR-RFLP occurred with unique RFLP patterns, whereas the remaining 28 patterns were communal. The risk factors of clustering among tuberculosis patients were age < 45 years, new cases, degree of sputum smear ≥ 2+, and close contact. Our study demonstrated that IS6110-RFLP, PGRS-RFLP and DR-RFLP genotyping could roughly identify similar proportions of clustered (secondary) cases as well as the same risk factors for clustering.

Hepatitis C Virus Genotypes and Association With Viral Load in Yazd, Central Province of Iran

Background:Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major cause of liver disease. Infection with HCV is a global public health problem. The virus is classified into 6 genotypes and more than 80 subtypes named as a, b, c, etc. HCV genotyping has been an important parameter for the treatment of HCV infection.Objectives:The main aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of HCV genotypes in Yazd, central province of Iran. In addition, the study investigated whether there was any association between HCV load and genotypes.Patients and Methods:This descriptive cross-sectional study was performed on samples suspicious of HCV infection from March 2010 to June 2013. Peripheral blood sample was obtained and screened for anti-HCV antibodies using Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Then sera of anti-HCV positive samples were analyzed using quantitative polymerase chain reaction method. Plasma samples were used to determine the HCV genotypes of 1a, 1b, 2, 3, and 4 in 191 infected patients.Results:One hundred fifty-two out of 191 (79.6%) samples were from male patients. The mean of the patients’ age was 40.7 ± 11.9 years (range 21-75 years old). Sixty- three (33%) patients were included in 31-40 years group. The mean number of HCV in infected patients was 2.92 × 106 ± 1.85 × 106 copies/mL (Min: 508; Max: 2.75 × 108 copies/mL). HCV genotype 3 was the predominant genotype (50.3%) followed by subtypes 1a (38.7%) and 1b (6.8%). The distribution of other HCV genotypes showed genotype 2 in 1.6% and mixed genotypes in 2.6% of positive samples. Genotype 3 was predominant in all age groups except 21-30 years of age group. We were unable to find any significant difference between mean viral load of the patients infected with genotype 3 and those infected with genotype 1 (1a and 1b).Conclusions:Findings of the present study showed that HCV genotype 3 was the predominant genotype followed by the subtypes 1a and 1b in Yazd, central province of Iran. In addition, there was no difference between HCV load and genotypes 1 and 3. HCV genotyping is recommended in other provinces of Iran.