Central Part Of Japan Research Articles

古墳時代の火山災害 群馬県同道遺跡の発掘調査を中心にして

古墳時代の火山災害 群馬県同道遺跡の発掘調査を中心にして

Forensic application of blood stains and polymorphism of the sixth component of human complement (C6)

Blood samples from 340 unrelated individuals in Fukui prefecture in the central part of Japan were tested in order to determine the gene frequencies of the C6 common alleles. The gene frequencies calculated were as follows: C6 ∗A, 0.478, C6 ∗B, 0.464, C6 ∗B2, 0.052 and rare alleles, 0.006. It was demonstrated that C6 phenotyping from blood stains aged over a period of 1 year, could be performed correctly. The quantily of detectable whole blood after this period amounted to less than 2 μl.

Observation of groundwater temperature, ground strain and water level in wells in the Tokai district.

Data of geophysical observation during the period from July 1984 to December 1986 are analyzed. The data include measurement results of groundwater temperature, ground strain and water level in wells in the Tokai district, the central part of Japan. The main purpose of our observation is to catch a precursory phenomenon which is expected to appear before the occurrence of the ‘predicted’ Tokai earthquake. Ordinary behaviors of the variation of the monitoring data are investigated in special connection with the effects of some environmental elements such as atmospheric temperature, atmospheric pressure and rainfall. No definite relation has yet been found between earthquakes and the observed quantities. However, a large spike-shaped change, observed in the water temperature at the Oshima site prior to the eruption of Mt. Mihara in November 1986, suggests a possibility that other spike-shaped changes, hitherto regarded as noise, may be significant.

Inheritance of resistance to soybean mosaic virus(SMV) C-strain in soybeans.

Seventy five cultivars were evaluated for their resistance to a virulent strain of soybean mosaic virus (SMV-C) spreading in the central part of Japan. Reactions of trifoliolate leaves of the cultivars to the C strain were classified into the following three types ; no symptoms (resistant : R), necrotic spot symptoms (NS : Fig. 3) and typical mosaic sylriptoms (M). Three resistant cultivars (R), two cultivars with necrotic spots (NS) and seven susceptible ones (M) were used to study the mode of inheritance of the resistance by artificial inoculation tests conducted in the greenhouse. F1 plants of crosses between three resistant and susceptible cultivars (R-S) showed necrotic spots or did not exhibit symptoms, and the F2 plants were classified into three types in the same way as the cultivars (Table 1). If it is considered that the NS plants have the same type of resistance as the resistant plants, all the crosses fit to the ratio 3 resistant : 1 mosaic symptoms, indicating that the resistance is controlled by a single dominant gene. However in the case of the two crosses using “Tousan 140” as resistant cultivar, F2 plants fitted well to the ratio 1 no symptoms : 2 NS : 1 mosaic symptoms. All the F1 plants of these crosses corresponded to the NS group, and the F3 plants which were derived from F2 plants with necrotic spot symptoms segregated into the ratio 3 resistant : 1 mosaic symptoms. The backcross populations between susceptible cultivars and F1 plants segregated into the ratio 1 necrotic symptoms : 1 mosaic symptoms. These results suggest that the plants with the NS symptoms show on heteroallelic phenotypes in the case of “Tousan 140”. Thus the resistant cultivars are considered to have one totally or partially dominant resistance gene. Among the crosses between resistant cultivars (R-R), in two crosses the F2 populations segregated into the ratio 15 resistant : 1 mosaic symptoms while in another cross the populations did not exhibit symptoms (table 2). These data indicate that there are two kinds of independent resistance genes. On the other hand, the R-NS crosses segregsted into the ratio 15 resistant : 1 mosaic symptoms, and the S-NS crosses segregated into the ratio 3 resistant : 1 mosaic symptoms (table 3). These data indicate that the cultivars with necrotic spot symptoms (NS) have a dominant resistance gene which is inherited independently of the two kinds of resistance genes mentioned above. “Raiden” which was bred in Japan is considered to be the source of the resistance gene Rsv2 (BUZZEL and TU 1984), but is susceptible to the C strain. So it is assumed that the three resistant cultivars may have different gene from Rsv2. The relationship between the genes of these cultivars and that of “PI 96983” (gene symbol Rsv : KIIHL and HARTWIG 1979) and “PI 486.355” which was reported by LIM (1985) could not be verified in thls study. Since the reaction of “Ogden” was the same as that of “Tousan 122” and “Dorchsoy 31”, cultivars with NS symptoms such as “Tousan 122” may have the same resistance gene symbolyzed by rsvt (KIIHL and HARTWIG 1979). It is concluded that there are at least three kinds of independent resistance genes to the C strain.

The rare variant ADA 6-1. First detection in a Japanese population.

Since the discovery of A D A polymorphism by Spencer et al. (1968), a number of rare variants have been identified. The type 6-1 was initially found by Radam et al. (1974) and subsequently also described by Nevo (1977) and Manz et al. (1979). Phenotype No. observed (%) No. expected This paper reports that the rare A D A 6-1 type has now been detected in a Japanese populat ion. 1 704 (93.99) 703.6 Blood samples were collected from 749 unrelated individu2-1 42 (5.61) 42.8 als living in Yamanashi Prefecture, a central part of Japan. 2 1 (0.13) 0.7 A D A types were determined by the method of Spencer et al. 6-1" 2 (0.27) (1968) using starch gel electrophoresis. Total 749 (100.00) 747.1 Table 1 shows the results for the distribution and allele frequencies. Besides the three common phenotypes, two samples aOmitted for the calculation of allele frequencies of the type 6-1 were observed (Fig. l a ) , which has not previTable 1. Distribution of ADA types in a Japanese population. Allele frequencies: ADA*I = 0.9705; ADA*2 = 0.0295; X 2 = 0.144; d.f. = 1; 0.70 < P < 0.80

A radiological population study on the ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament in the spine.

This paper reports the results of a radiological population study on the ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) in both the cervical and the thoracic spine among Japanese. The study was carried out in the Yachiho-mura district in the central part of Japan, where 5074 people were living. X-ray examinations were made of 1058 of the people; there were 440 men and 618 women, 50 or more years of age. The roentgenograms showed 34 cases of OPLL in the cervical spine (3.2%): 19 men (4.3%) and 15 women (2.4%). The condition was most frequently observed at the level of C-4. Radiological classification showed 18 cases of the segmental type, 11 of the continuous type, and five of a mixed type. There were eight cases of OPLL in the thoracic spine (0.8%), four in men (0.9%) and four in women (0.6%). OPLL in the thoracic spine was most frequently observed at the midthoracic levels. All eight cases showed a continuous type of ossification. There were three subjects with OPLL in both the cervical and the thoracic spine. Therefore, the number of subjects with OPLL in either the cervical or the thoracic spine was 39 (3.7%) total.

Trigenic segregation of heading time in rice analyzed by use of linkage with blast resistance.

日本のイネ品種コシヒカリとアメリカ合衆国のイネ品種Saturnとの雑種における出穂期の遺伝分析を行った.F1は両親よりも晩生であった.F2および両親を戻し交雑して得たBC1F1[K]とBC1F1[S]集団における早生個体と晩生個体の分離比から，この雑種の出穂期の変異には3対の遺伝子が関与していると推定した.また，そのうちの1対はいもち病抵抗性遺伝子座Pi-zと密接に連鎖する出穂期遺伝子座Lmの遺伝子であることを，Pi-zの分離と出穂期の変異との関係から明らかにした.

A Two-Dimensional Conductivity Model across Central Japan

Horizontal profiles of geomagnetic transfer function were obtained at the periods of 15, 30, 60 and 120 minutes by analysing 3-component geomagnetic variation data at 21 sites in the central part of Japan and 7 sites on the Philippine Sea floor. A two-dimensional conductivity model was constructed, by use of the finite element method, to represent the spatial and period dependence of these transfer functions.Characteristics of the observed transfer functions on the Pacific coast and continental shelf of the Philippine Sea were well explained by introducing a highly conductive layer beneath the Philippine Sea plate at a depth of about 30km in addition to a large conductivity contrast between land and seawater. In order to account for the anomalous phase variation observed at the northern half of the central Japan sites, conductive lower crust was required beneath this region. This lower crustal conductor also explained the reduction of the coast effect on the Japan sea coast, and the existence of free water in the lower crust was considered as its likely cause. Our result did not require the conductive upper mantle beneath the Japan Sea, at least 200km away from the coast, to explain the data, which may suggest that the plate motion is the possible cause of highly conductive asthenosphere as well as the partial melting.

Periodic variations of grain size in Pleistocene sediments in Lake Biwa and Earth‐orbital cycles

A time sequence of grain size distributions from the Pleistocene sediments in Lake Biwa, located in the central part of Japan (35° N, 136° E), has dominant periodicities of 41,000, 23,000, and 19,000 years which are very close to those predicted from the astronomical theory of paleoclimate introduced by Milankovitch. The time variation of the grain size is very similar to that of insolation of caloric summer in the Northern Hemisphere.

Deep seismic sounding surveys and earthquake prediction

In the Tokai region (facing the Pacific Ocean, in the central part of Japan), a major earthquake is expected to occur in the near future. During the last 80 years, Omaezaki, southernmost cape, has subsided by 40 cm. The structure in the region is known through a number of deep seismic sounding profiles shot in the region. This information, and the force derived from sinking of the plate is used to estimate the accumulated strain energy.

神岡鉱山栃洞鉱

The Tochibora Mine, owned by the Mitsui Mining & Smelting Co., Ltd., is located at the central part of Japan, Gifu Prefecture. It is one of the largest zinc mines in Japan as well as in the world. The annual output of crude are is 950, 000 tons with average grade of Zn (4.3%), Pb (0.32%), Ag (22g/t).Some of the features of the Tochibora Mine are as follows;First of all, the orebodies are large in size and are generally hard and solid. Ore grade is comparatively low but distributed homogeneously. Secondaly, it does not need any special devices for drainage and ventilation owing to its favorable topographical condition. Thirdly, the first trackless mining system was introduced in 1968 in order to get high productivity. Moreover, the Tochibora Mine employs various mining methods, such as sublevel stoping method, induced block caving method and mechanized cut and fill method. Combining the trackless mining system with various mining method, a high productivity has been attained. This is also due to the introduction of huge machinery and reduction in man power of miscellaneous jobs.In the past, the mine has faced several crises, that is, depreciation in metal prices, depression in demand for zinc and escalation of operating cost. Under these circumstances, we had no choice but to reduce the daily are production to 3, 200 tons, even though it once had achieved 4, 800 tons per day in 1974.Recently, we have just finished to form a long-range plan based upon the past experiences. Its framework is to yield excellent and small are deposits proportionately and to establish a stable operation toward a fluctuation in prices.

Pulp and Paper Mills in Japan (64)

Matsumoto Mill of Honshu Paper Co., Ltd. manufactures solely corrugated containerboard ; kraft liner, jute liner, color liner and white linerThis mill, which is located in the western region of Matsumoto City, Nagano Prefecture, central part of Japan, started up in 1933 as “Matsumoto Shoshi Kogyosho” (Matsumoto Papermaking Factory) and changed its name to “Toshin Paper Co.” in 1943.Matsumoto Mill now has 2 paper machines and its production is 330 tons per day of corrugated containerboard.The mill site area is about 61, 000m2 and the number of employees is about 230.The wastewater from the mill is treated by a clarifier, flotation equipment, an aeration system for BOD treatment, and a sludge incinerator. Flue gas is treated by a water scrubber.

Sero-epizootiological study on swine influenza in a prefecture of Japan.

A total of 1799 swine sera collected in Toyama prefecture in the central part of Japan during the years 1978-82 were tested for antibody against swine influenza virus (SIV), A/New Jersey/8/76 (H1N1). A high prevalence of antibody was observed in the years after the severe epizootic of SI, 34.5% in 1979 and 51.7% in 1982. In other years, the percentages of positive sera were low and ranged from 1.7 to 12.4%. Regional variations were seen in relation to a small scale epizootic. No antibody to SIV was detected in any of the sera collected during the warm season. In the following dry and cold winter, however, a severe epizootic occurred among the swine populations.

Epidemiological Features of Kawasaki Disease in Japan

AbstractThe epidemiological features of Kawasaki Disease deduced from nation‐wide epidemiological surveys and other epidemiological studies conducted so far in Japan are summarized as follows: (1) The total number of cases observed in 7 nation‐wide surveys up to June 1982 were 47,300 (27,600 males and 19,700 females, M/F=1.4), of which 276 (0.7%) were fatal, (2) Unusually high incidences of the disease were recognized in early or late spring in 1979 and 1982 throughout Japan. A shift of the epidemic wave from warm to cool geographical areas was observed in 1979, but not in 1982. (3) The incidence was highest in Shikoku and surrounding prefectures in 1979, whereas it was highest in the central part of Japan in 1982. (4) The sex ratio tended to be smaller and the age of incidence tended to be younger in epidemic years. (5) A marked temporal clustering of the cases was seen in both epidemic years, 1979 and 1982. (6) Two percent of the cases reported in1981–82 were siblings. The time interval between the onset of disease in siblings was one week or less in most cases. (7) Close geographical and social relations between cases were demonstrated in a field investigation of an outbreak of 9 cases within a month on a small island located about 2,000 km south‐west of Tokyo. (8) A table summarizing the descriptive epidemiology of the disease is given.

Distribution of larvae ofPinnixa rathbuni Sakai (Decapoda: pinnotheridae) in Ise Bay and its neighbouring coastal waters, central Japan part 3. Aggregation of the benthic adult population with reference to the spatial distribution of the planktonic larvae

According to studies made to date, the planktonic larvae ofPinnixa rathbuni, especially the early zoeal stages, have been found mainly in the eastern part of Ise Bay (Pacific coast of central Japan), while the benthic adult population is restricted to the southwestern part of the bay. The present study was made to obtain a better understanding of the origin of the dense population of early zoea found along the coast of the Chita Peninsula in the eastern part of the bay. Field surveys made with a Smith-McIntyre grab from May to November 1981 (every two months) ruled out the possibility that the benthic adult crabs in the southwestern part of the bay migrated to the eastern part of the bay to release their larvae, or that a substantial population of the crabs occurred in the eastern part of the bay. Thus, the larvae may be derived wholly from the benthic adult populations localized in the southwestern part of the bay. The spatial distribution of the early larvae can be explained by assuming that the larvae, released by the benthic adult population in the southwestern part of the bay, are rapidly transported toward the Chita Peninsula and form a dense larval population along the coast in the eastern part of the bay.

Pulp and Paper Mills in Japan (54)

Iwabuchi Mill, Honshu Paper Co., Ltd., manufactures mainly specialty tissue paper ; cigarette paper, copying paper, letter paper, light-grade publishing paper, etc.This mill, which is located in Fujikawa-cho, Shizuoka Pref., central part of Japan, started up in 1918 to manufacture cigarette paper, and now has 4 paper machines and a converting plant. Its prodution is 90 tons per day of specialty tissue paper.The mill site area is 54, 000m2 and the number of employees is about 300.The waste water from the mill is treated by an activated sludge process, flotation equipment, and a sludge incinerator with a fluid bed dryer. Flue gas is treated by a wet scrubber.

A Study of Generation Mechanism of Ajimame Landslide Predicted from Oscillatory Characteristics of Microtremors

Though a generation of Ajimame landslide was limited in a small area in 1977, it's movement has increased and enlarged downward with times from the end of 1979. The location is covered by mud stone of the Tertiary distributed in the central part of Japan. Surrounding conditions of the landslide are investigated to prove the latest mass movement from the characteristics of microtremors observed three years ago. In deducing substructure from spectra, it may be reasonable to take into consideration low velocity layer in any depth. Dominant directivities of ground motion are determined from particle orbits depicted by combination of the horizontal and the vertical wave trains, which are divided into several bands of pass filter. Their distribution in such a frequency range as is responsible to superficial structure is well explained by comparing with a pattern of deformation for a system under compressional pre-stress. The direction of principal stress set up initialy is nearly in accord with that of the ground slope in and around the landslide area. The rectangular region supposed as a stress field shows to correspond to the main area of sliding movement.

The Origin and the History of Main Agronomic Characters of a Paddy-Rice Variety Koshihikari and its Sib Varieties. : I. Derivation of growth characteristics and grain quality through the pedigree

Agronomic traits of one of leading paddy rrce varrety Koshihikari whrch rs well known for its excellent quality of cooked rice and very popular in the central part of Japan, were investigated comparing with those of four sister varieties derived from the cross Norin 22 XNorin 1, from which Koshihikari had been selected. In order to follow baenetic progrsses achieved in the course of developing the above five sister varieties including Koshihikari, Honenwase, Koshijiwase, Hatsunisiki and Yamasenishiki, agronomic traits of their ancestral varieties were compared with their own traits. Experimetal materials involved were five local varieties and their five descendants, two of which were parents of the five sister vareities, as well as the above five sisters (Fig. 5). The first groups of varieties was referred to as the native varieties, the second as the primary improved and the last as the secondary improved. Relative to the agronomic traits such as maturity, cuhm length, plant type, number of penicles and harvest index, remarkable progresses were recognized in the steps of improvement from the native to the seconclary limproved varieties. The secondary improved sister varieties were earlier, shorter of stature, better in plant type with erect leaves and more panicles and higher in harvest index than the native or the primary improved ones (Tab. 1 and 2). It seems obvious that earliness, short stature and abunbant tillering were transmitted by one of the local variety Moritawase to the sister varieties. Such de

Partial melting and electrical conductivity anomalies beneath the Japan and Philippine seas

Geomagnetic variation anomalies observed in the central part of Japan can be accounted for by highly conducting layers having a conductivity of 0.5 S/m or thereabouts beneath the Japan and Philippine seas. High temperature may be a possible cause of such layers if we take into account that temperature amounts to 1,000°C at a depth of 40 km beneath the areas of high heat flow in the Japan and Philippine seas. It seems difficult, however, to account for a conductivity of 0.5 S/m which is unusually high at a depth of 50 km or so by means of high temperature only. We can interpret such a high conductivity in terms of partial melting of peridotite in the upper mantle, provided highly conducting molten material is interconnected. This is in good agreement with the interpretation of low-velocity zones beneath the Japan and Philippine seas in terms of a partial melting of 4–6%.

On the freezing-out properties of the lake ice.

The study on the freezing-out phenomena of lake water is carried out in two mountain lakes, Lake Suwa and Lake Haruna in the central part of Japan. The reduction rates were measured concerning the following components : dissolved oxygen, carbon dioxide, ions (Cl, Na, Mg, and Ca), dissolved organic carbon, particulate organic carbon and nitrogen, and bacterial number. Substances in solution in the waters freeze out to 80%. The freezing-out of dissolved oxygen and carbon dioxide was also observed. This may account for the significant accumulation of dissolved gases immediately under the ice at the distinct inverse stratification in Lake Suwa. This accumulation was not observed at a volcanic lake of Haruna. In Lake Suwa a trend of the decrease of concentration was observed in the ice from its upper layer to the bottom. In Lake Haruna the opposite tendency was observed. The viable number of bacteria reduces by factor 103 or more in freezing.