Central Part Of India Research Articles

Intelligent Computer Control of Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS)

A 5 kVA, 415 V, 48–52 Hz, three-phase laboratory model Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS) built around intelligent microprocessor based thyristor controlled switched capacitor is described. This laboratory model has been developed to conduct the feasibility studies for implementation of rapid impedance control on a 400 kV double circuit transmission corridor between Itarsi and Indore in the central part of India. The laboratory model uses scaled parameters of this transmission corridor for maintaining the receiving end voltage at Indore. The system studies reported in this paper include the simulation on PC and also the intelligent control aspect eg fault diagnosis and its identification, along with other steady state experimental investigations made on the newly developed laboratory model controller. A comparison between the simulated and experimental results reveals good correlation.

Geomorphic and hydrologic aspects of monsoon floods on the Narmada and Tapi Rivers in central India

High-magnitude floods during the monsoon season are considered to be India's recurring and leading natural disaster. Such large flood are extremely important events, not only in terms of human impact, but also from the standpoint of geomorphic effectiveness and geomorphic work. The Narmada and Tapi Rivers in central India are characterized by one of the most intense flood regimes in the seasonal tropics. Modern, historical and palaeoflood records indicate that large floods are relatively common hydrologic and geomorphic events on the Narmada and Tapi Rivers. A catastrophic flood on Tapi in July 1991, that occurred from heavy rains and a dam break, represents one of the highest unit discharges yet recorded in any part of central India. Flood competence studies indicate that the flood power of the two rivers is comparable with some of the largest historic and prehistoric floods reported from other parts of the world. The rivers have preserved geomorphic and sedimentologic records of palaeofloods for the last two millennium, and in Choral River a 5000 year old record has been located. Examination of the synoptic conditions associated with the flood generating low-pressure systems reveals that all but a few of them are the result of Bay of Bengal depressions. The flooding in such large rivers profoundly challenges flood-hazard management, because of limited instrumental records and large spatio-temporal variation. It is therefore imperative that the design engineering community in India incorporates the geomorphic, sedimentologic and botanic information in the planning and design of water resource development projects.

Homogeneous Indian Monsoon rainfall: Variability and prediction

The Indian summer monsoon rainfall is known to have considerable spatial variability, which imposes some limitations on the all-India mean widely used at present. To prepare a spatially coherent monsoon rainfall series for the largest possible area, fourteen subdivisions covering the northwestern and central parts of India (about 55% of the total area of the country), having similar rainfall characteristics and associations with regional/global circulation parameters are merged and their area-weighted means computed, to form monthly and seasonal Homogeneous Indian Monsoon (HIM) rainfall series for the period 1871–1990. This paper includes a listing of monthly and seasonal rainfall of HIM region. HIM rainfall series has been statistically analysed to understand its characteristics, variability and teleconnections for long-range prediction.

Multielemental neutron activation analysis of fugitive dust particulates from cement factories in Central India

Knowledge of occurrence and concentration of trace elements in dust particulates from and around industrial establishments is essential to know the source of pollutants and atmosphere quality. Dust particulates from two cement factories in the central part of India were analyzed for 5 minor (Cl, Fe, K, Mg, Na) and 23 trace elements (Ag, As, Ba, Br, Cd, Co, Cr, Cs, Dy, Eu, Ga, Hf, Hg, La, Mn, Sb, Sc, Se, Sm, Sr, Th, W and Zn) by INAA and RNAA techniques. Significant differences have been observed for some toxic trace elements at different locations. Mn content is particularly high in all the dust particulates. Urban particulate (SRM 1648) and Coal fly ash (SRM 1633a) from NIST and Pond sediment (CRM No. 2) from NIES were also analyzed. The data have been analyzed and interpreted in terms of air quality at different locations inside the plant and two factories.

Rainfall over central parts of India during the break monsoon conditions

In the central parts of India, there are occasions when fairly widespread to widespread rains with isolated heavy falls occur although the lower tropospheric flow pattern exhibits break in monsoon. The present study brings out the presence of significant synoptic features at 700 and 500mb levels that could be associated with such rainfall activity. The thermal patterns eating during such periods have also been studied.

Sea surface temperature variability over North Indian Ocean — A study of two contrasting monsoon seasons

Using the satellite derived sea surface temperature (SST) data for 1979 (bad monsoon) and 1983 (good monsoon), the SST variability for two contrasting monsoon seasons is studied. The study indicates that large negative anomalies off the Somali and Arabian coasts are associated with good monsoon rainfall over India. The strong monsoonal cooling in these regions can be attributed to strong low level winds and intense upwelling. The reappearance of 27°C isotherm off Somali coast in May/June coincides with the onset of southwest monsoon over India. Further, the influence of zonal anomaly of SST off Somalia Coast (SCZASST) and Central Indian Ocean Zonal Anomaly of SST (CIOZASST) with monsoon rainfall over India is brought out. The former is negatively related to the monsoon rainfall over western and central parts of India, whilst CIOZASST is positively related.

Silicosis in slate pencil workers: I. An environmental and medical study.

An environmental and medical survey was undertaken in the slate-pencil industry in the central part of India. The industrial hygiene survey revealed that concentrations of free silica dust were very high. The medical survey, involving 593 workers, revealed that the prevalence of silicosis in this industry was 54.6%. Of these, 17.7% of workers had conglomerate silicosis (progressive massive fibrosis, PMF). The radiologic appearance of simple and conglomerate silicosis resembled closely the simple pneumoconiosis and progressive massive fibrosis (PMF) among other occupational groups exposed to free silica and also found in coal workers. The pulmonary lesions were detectable after a relatively short duration of exposure. The short latent period of development and the high prevalence of silicosis observed among these workers are related to exposure to high concentrations of siliceous dust in the work environment.

Hydrologic appraisal of rivers plan-form at confluence zone — A case study using Landsat MSS data

In river systems confluences and bifurcations are typical features whose effects are largely dependent on the specific characteristics of the rivers involved. The study makes an attempt to analyse the planform configuration at the confluence zone of the Wainganga and Khobragadi rivers in the central part of India. The data used are the Landsat MSS CCT data of date 17.12.1972 for scene 154-046 and black and white aerial photographs of November, 1969. Supervised method of classification using maximum likelihood classification method is employed. The study confirms that the discharge and sediment transport in the individual rivers constitute the dominating factors in the changes of planform geometry at a confluence. The usefulness of the Landsat MSS data and digital analysis techniques. for generating the necessary data inputs for the study is also validated.

Landsat image derived geomorphic indicator of groundwater in parts of central india

It is a well established fact that geomorphology of an area exercises a significant control on the groundwater occurrence and movement. In an operational remote sensing project carried out by the National Remote Sensing Agency, India, this relationship between geomorphology and groundwater, coupled with the ability of Landsat data to provide regional geomorphic information, has been utilised to arrive at broad groundwater potential zones.

Rhinoscleroma in a child

Rhinoscleroma is fairly common in the Northern and Central parts of India. The disease may present itself with many unusual features and may mimic many other diseases, specially Carcinoma. A patient with unusual features of Rhinoscleroma is being reported.

Distant effects of monsoon depressions on weather over west Rajasthan

Monsoon depressions are generally responsible for increased rainfall activity over northern and central parts of India during southwest monsoon season. That they also have some influence on the weather over places at quite some distance from the depression has been studied by some workers. One such effect mentioned by K.L. Sinha is that whenever monsoon depressions/lows form in the Bay of Bengal or interior and move in a westnorthwesterly direction, rain or thundershowers Occur over Jodhpur. This phenomenon of distant effects of monsoon depression on weather over west Rajasthan has been studied for the 20-year period from 1956 to 1975. It is seen that on 70% of the occasions when monsoon depressions/lows formed in the northwest Bay and crossed the Orissa coast, distribution and activity of rainfall over west Rajasthan showed a prominent increase.
 An explanation for the phenomenon has been offered in this study in terms of soutl1ward shift of the mid-tropospheric trough line. Those occasions when the depressions/lows were over or near west Rajasthan have been excluded in the study.

April global radiation in relation to subsequent monsoon rainfall in India

Monthly mean global radiation charts for the months March to Mayare examined year by year for the period 1960 to 1975 in relation to the behaviour of the subsequent monsoon rainfall in the country. April charts show a region of high radiation extending from Rajasthan to Tamil Nadu through the Deccan plateau in the years when the subsequent monsoon rainfall is normal over the country. In deficient years, viz., 1965, 1966 and 1972 the pattern changes substantially; a tongue of low radiation appears over the Peninsula and the Central parts of India. No such change in the radiation paltem is observed in the preceding and the succeeding months (,iz., March and May). However, similar pattern is observed in April 1970 also although this was a good monsoon year. In this connection, five-day mean radiation charts for the years 1970 (normal monsoon) and 1972 (drought year) have also been examined. It has been found that in 1970, the region of high radiation appean over Deccan plateau during the last two pentads of April while this feature is not seen in 1972. April mean radiation chart may, therefore, serve as a clue for predicting the behaviour of the subsequent mosoon rainfall in the country.

Secular variations of regional rainfall over India

AbstractTrends and periodicities in the annual rainfall of 31 meteorological sub‐divisions of India based on data for over 60 years have been examined by various latest techniques like Mann‐Kendall rank method, low‐pass filter and power spectrum analysis. It is seen that the frequency distribution of annual rainfall for the period of 1901 to 1960 is not normally distributed in some sub‐divisions of the country. Positive trend is noticed over central India and the adjoining parts of the peninsula and also over two smaller areas in north‐west and north‐east India. Only over some parts of eastern India there is negative trend. Increase in mean rainfall for 30 years shows a gradient from the west coast to the interior parts of the country with a maximum over the west coast.The spectral analysis of the annual rainfall of these sub‐divisions shows a significant cycle of range 8.5 to 12.0 years which is mainly seen in and around the arid and semi‐arid regions of Rajasthan, some central parts of India and extreme south peninsula. A cycle of 2.0 to 3.5 years is also observed over large parts of the country mainly over north‐west India, central parts of peninsula and some parts of northeast India.

Large scale convection over central parts of India in relation to 'Sub Tropical Jet Stream Wave'

Large scale convection over central parts of India during 17-19 February 1962 was found to be associated with strong upper tropospheric divergence in a sinusoidal type of 'Sub- Tropical Jet Stream Wave', augmented by the southeastward movement of' Jet Maximum' from central India to coastal Andhra Pradesh. Mean sea level situations or lower tropospheric flow patterns alone did not give conclusive or significant clue to subsequent large scale convective developments.

A study of pre-monsoon thunderstorms in Central parts of India

The distribution of average rainfall in a thunderstorm field over central parts of India during the pre-monsoon period (March to May) has been analysed from two different angles. The average distribution of thunderstorms, hailstorms and associated rainfall inside the moist sector in a potential thunderstorm field have also been presented in the paper. The data of all the observatories, including the hydromet observatories, situated in Madhya Pradesh and Vidarbha for the period 1951-57 have been utilised for this study.

Stations for Observing the Total Eclipse of the Sun in January 1898

THE land path of the line of the total eclipse of the sun commences from a little south of Ratnagiri, on the Bombay coast, and runs in a north-easterly direction to Nepal, passing nearly over Mount Everest, and then disappears in Thibet. The shadow of the moon will therefore pass through parts of the Bombay Presidency, through Hyderabad, Berars, Central Provinces, and parts of Central India, Bengal, and North-west Provinces. The length of the path through India is about a thousand miles, and the width of the shadow roughly fifty miles. Hence the area from which observations could be taken is enormous. In India, however, facilities for travelling simply do not exist at all over by far the greater part of the country; and as accommodation for European travellers is even more scanty than the means of transport, the number of stations from which observations of the forthcoming eclipse are likely to be made is much smaller than would be expected. As the duration of the total phase of the eclipse on the central line decreases from about two minutes ten seconds on the Bombay coast, to about one minute forty seconds in parts of Bengal and the North-west Provinces, the natural tendency will be for observers to prefer the western stations. In addition, too, it would appear that the meteorological conditions are more favourable at the western than at the eastern or central stations on the line of totality.