Central Local Government Research Articles

LEGAL POLICY TOWARDS GOOD CORPORATE GOVERNANCE IN THE EASE OF MICRO, SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES BASED ON LAW NO. 6 OF 2023 CONCERNING THE STIPULATION OF GOVERNMENT REGULATIONS IN LIEU OF LAW NO. 2 OF 2022 CONCERNING JOB CREATION TO BECOME LAW

<p>Legal instruments are legal policies that are the basis for efforts to create social justice for the community. Legal policy in the field of developing micro, small and medium enterprises after the enactment of Law No. 6 of 2023 Concerning the Stipulation of Government Regulations in Lieu Of Law No. 2 of 2022 Concerning Job Creation to Become Law is an instrument in the development of micro, small and medium enterprises. The number of micro businesses in Indonesia reaches 63,955,369, small businesses 193,959 and medium businesses 44,728. Therefore, it is necessary to develop policies for micro, small and medium enterprises based on the synergy of the central government and local governments on the basis of the division of affairs in order to facilitate the development of micro, small and medium enterprises through sustainable empowerment in the context of economic equality with a populist economic model as the foundation of state development. The legal policy on the Job Creation Regulation which regulates synergy on the basis of the division of affairs between the central government and regional governments, needs to be further stipulated in government regulations to facilitate the development of micro, small and medium enterprises. This study focuses on analyzing the state's legal policy towards micro, small and medium enterprises in order to facilitate and sustain them. This study uses a legal approach. </p>

The Battle of Interests between The Central Government and Local Governments: The Case of Drafting the Archipelagic Regions Law in Indonesia (2005-2014)

This paper discusses about conflict of interest between Central Government and local governments in the case of drafting the Archipelagic Regions Law in Indonesia (2005-2014). This study uses a qualitative approach using power interplay theory by Lowi (2009). The demands of archipelago region began in 2005 by requesting policy affirmation to The Central Government. The culmination of the archipelago region demands was the submission of the Draft Law on the Acceleration of Islands Regional Development to the House of Representatives in 2012-2013. Based on the research findings, there are several interests of the archipelagic regions in the submission of the Draft Law (RUU), as follows: the need for special regulations and the determination of budget allocations according to the characteristics of the archipelagic region. The Central Government’s rejection of the Draft Law (RUU) was based on the consideration that the substance of the demands of the archipelagic regions has been contained in various other laws, the phrase ‘archipelago’ is unidentify, recognised and regulated by international law of the sea and the 1945 Constitution. The conflict between the regional government of the eight islands and the central government occurred behind closed through government administration mechanisms and open conflicts through arguments in the mass media. Based on the findings of this research, the assumptions of power interplay theory are confirmed in the distributive policies model. In this model, the policy- making process tends to involve peaceful and collaborative negotiations. This is evident because there is no significant conflict between The Central Government and the islands in Indonesia. The impact of the rejection of Draft Law (RUU) on eight island regions is the inequality of development and the small development budget and many achievements of macro development indicators that are still below national achievements.

Leaving No One Behind: China's Central-Local Governments and Corporate Tripartite Collaboration to Reduce Poverty

Leaving No One Behind: China's Central-Local Governments and Corporate Tripartite Collaboration to Reduce Poverty

Assessment of Fadama Farming Inile-Ife, Osun State

The notion of food security in the global system has been a major issue in the sustainable development programme. The global system has been very keen on the nutritional and hunger eradication level of the world’s population. In line with global initiatives and strategic planning on food security, this study focuses on the impact of Fadama farming on the socio-economic transformation of Ife Central Local Government Area of Osun State. The data were collected through a structured questionnaire from a sample of 160 respondents drawn from five (5) randomly selected communities from the study area. The data collected were analyzed by using descriptive statistics such as percentage, frequency and tables. The findings from this study showed that the majority (60.6%) of them joined their respective Fadama User Groups after it was registered. When compared with their income after joining Fadama, there was a significant increase in their income level as 21.9% of the respondents claimed they received ₦40,000 and above and none of them received below ₦18,000 as just 12.7% received ₦18,000-₦28,000 per month. From the findings, the majority (75.7%) of the respondents fell within the working age or active population. 21.8% agree that Fadama has increased food production, 6.3% of the respondents have built houses out of it and 3% have acquired motorcycles.. The findings from this study implied that the males were more actively involved in Fadama farming than the females; also, enough profit was generated to sustain individual families involved. It was recommended that Government should encourage the education of farmers and also provide loans, agricultural inputs and research assistance

The Roles of Women in Nigeria’s Quest for Rural Economic Development: A Case Study of Ife Central Area, Osun State

The role of women in rural economic development in Nigeria is pivotal amidst ongoing efforts to alleviate poverty and enhance community well-being. This study examines women’s contributions within Ife Central Local Government Area, Osun State, highlighting various government and non-governmental initiatives aimed at grassroots development. Despite substantial policy frameworks like the Better Life for Rural Women and Microfinance, challenges such as ineffective implementation and corruption persist, impacting rural communities disproportionately. Data for this study were gathered using quantitative methods and analyzed through content analysis. Drawing on Thirlwall’s development goals and the basic needs approach, this research underscores the importance of local participation and effective governance in achieving sustainable rural economic growth. It advocates for enhanced women’s involvement and community-focused strategies to overcome existing barriers and foster inclusive development.

Evaluation of Alanine Aminotransferase (Alt), Aspatate Aminotransferase (Ast) and Albumin (Alb) Among Blood Donors Infected with Hepatitis B and C Virus and Malaria in Ife Central Local Government Area, Ile Ife, Osun State, Nigeria

Liver diseases are responsible for over one and half million deaths annually and are characterized by permanent inflammatory processes that predispose to liver cancer.Liver function biomarkers are important indices that help in assessment of disease severity. Several studies reveal changes in activity level of liver enzymes and protein in the serum due to Plasmodium infection and Hepatitis infection. Liver enzymes play an important role in the assessment of liver function because of liver injury resulting in cytolysis or necrosis that causes release of enzymes into circulation. Infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) are major global health problems. Moreover, infection with these viruses might associate with increased mortality rate as the infection may predisposes to the development of serious liver diseases such as liver cirrhosis, liver failure and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The objectives of the study are to determine the prevalence Hepatitis B and C infections among blood donors, analyze the relationship between socio- demographic variables and Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), Aspatate aminotransferase (AST) and Albumin (ALB), analyze the relationship between malarial and ALT and AST and evaluate the effect of hepatitis infections on the liver cells. The study was conducted in Ife Central Local Government .Area, Ile Ife, Osun State. Five (5) ml of venous blood was obtained from each of 400 blood donors into plain bottles and labeled accordingly. Sera were separated from aliquots of the blood and screened for hepatitis-B and C surface antigens (HBsAg and HCV), and enzymes such as aspatate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT). The total percentage of elevated AST was 14(3.5%), ALT 15 (3.8%) and ALB 32(8.0%), while that the least AST 24 (6.0%), ALT 23 (4.8%) and ALB 6 (1.5%). There was significant difference between Occupation and ALT (p= 0.040) and ALB (p= 0.030), Marital status and AST (p=0.014), ALT (p= 0.012), ALB (p=0.014), there was no significant difference between HCV and AST (p=0.532), ALT (p=0.532), but with ALB (p=0.000). There was no significant difference between HBV and AST ( p=0.285), ALT (p=0.593) and ALB (p=0.033), the general hepatitis viral infection had no significant difference with AST ( p=0.516), ALT (p=0.516), but with ALB (p= 0.000), There was no significant difference between malaria infection and AST (p= 0.906), ALT (p= 0.999) and ALB (p= 0.718). in conclusion, although the prevalence hepatitis B and C viral infections was low and there was no significant relationship between the Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), Aspatate aminotransferase,(AST) and Hepatitis infection in the local government, critical screening of blood donors is of prime importance because they serve as an asymptomatic reservoirs and a potential source of transmission of these infections. The strengthening of creating awareness on the general public regarding HBsAg and HCV transmission and prevention should be of paramount important.

Relationship between Central and Local Government: Experiences from Turkey and Bangladesh

Local government is an essential element of the states. The principles of administrative integrity and autonomy constitute the essence of the relationship between the central and local governments. Based on these two principles, the central government tries to determine the policy of the country's administration by obtaining power based on tutelage over local governments, while local governments demand autonomy within their areas of duty, with their resources, responsibilities, and powers. This situation follows a similar course in many countries of the world. This study aims to analyze the relations between Turkey and Bangladesh's central government and local governments, their administrative structures, duties, and functions. Turkey and Bangladesh, both Muslim-majority countries, share similar socio-cultural characteristics. Bilateral relations between these two countries have developed in recent years, especially in trade, defense, migration, and other sectors. Following the development of these bilateral relations, this paper is significant here to understand two countries’ local and central government relations.

Governing green open space in indonesia: barriers and opportunities to enhancing enviromental quality

This article discusses the enhancing of governing green open space in Indonesia. It began by looking at the current condition of green open space in Indonesia, highlighting the barriers faced in governing these areas, looking at opportunities to enhancing, and making recommendations to improve green open space governance. Literature review on governance frameworks that can maximize the potential of green open spaces in Indonesia. The results of this study show that there are several constraints in governing green open spaces, including less awareness and understanding among stakeholders, limited funding and resources, inadequate urban planning, limited community involvement, limited law enforcement and monitoring, urbanization and land scarcity, and weak coordination among government agencies in their management bodies. Our findings point to opportunities in governing greenspace areas, by learning from successful projects, exploring global good practices; innovative financing and partnerships; integrating greenspace into urban planning for cohesive neighborhoods; engaging communities for long-term success and shared responsibility; raising awareness of the value of greenspace through educational campaigns; and utilizing technology for data-driven decision-making and community participation. These opportunities contribute to policy recommendations that can be used by the central government and local governments to improve green open space governance in Indonesia.

Green credit policy, market concentration and green innovation: Empirical evidence from local governments’ regulatory practice in China

This paper investigates the impact of China's environmental regulations, with a focus on the green credit policy, on green innovation in pursuit of the “carbon peak and carbon neutrality” goal. Given the implementation of the 2012 Green Credit Guidelines, this paper employs the Difference-in-Difference Method (DID) and conducts a quasi-natural experiment to empirically examine the interactions among the central government, local governments, and high-pollution and high-emission enterprises by exploring the impact of green credit policies on green innovation of these enterprises. Relying on 4503 samples of 237 high-pollution and high-emission enterprises listed in the main board in China from 2003 to 2021, this study reveals that the green credit policy can improve green innovation of these enterprises. Specifically, this study explores the detailed mechanism through which the green credit policy enables these enterprises to increase their market concentration and then the monopoly profits, which in turn promotes their green innovative productivity. In addition, this paper also reveals how local governments' political and financial incentives may serve as positive and negative moderating factors, respectively, within the impact mechanism. This study has valuable implications for how to effectively formulate and implement environmental regulations by balancing the interests of the central government, local governments and enterprises.

Problems of dependence of local self-government bodies on territorial administration in the RA / Проблемы зависимости органов местного самоуправления от региональных органов власти в РА

An important issue is to clarify the relationships between different levels of management. The nature of the relationship between the central government and local governments mainly comes down to control-partnership. However, in reality they have the nature of a superior-subordinate relationship. Partnership relations are still very weak. As part of the article, we discussed the main reasons for the dependence of local governments on regional authorities and ways to solve them.

PERMASALAHAN PENYEDIAAN RUANG TERBUKA NON HIJAU PADA PERKOTAAN SLEMAN STUDI KASUS KECAMATAN DEPOK

Human activity is closely related to open spaces. Non-green open space (RTNH) is a form of public open space that has social, cultural, and environmental conservation functions. The lack of RTNH in the urban area of Sleman, especially in Depok District, occurs due to very high population density and development that is considered very impulsive. The research method used in this research uses critical thinking, using secondary data that is processed and matched with conditions in the field. The results of this study obtained that the high level of development was one of them caused by government programs related to the Fast Growing Strategic Area (KSCT). The overlapping policies make it impossible to make a clear reference to the direction of development in the urban area of Sleman. Therefore, coordination between the central government and local governments is needed in formulating regulations related to RTNH and community synergy so that their implementation is effective.

Understanding institutional and policy challenges in China’s coal transition: Insights from the case of Chongqing

<p>China’s efforts and decisions to phase out coal will shape global endeavors in addressing climate change in the upcoming decades. This study investigates the action logic and interactions among different stakeholders, including the central government, local government, coal enterprises, and mine workers, in the case of Chongqing to gain valuable insights into existing institutional and policy challenges. Our results demonstrate that: First, the provincial government is the key to managing and implementing the local coal transitions, its motivation for coal transition, however, may not always align with the nation’s overall priorities. This highlights the need for a top-down coal transition policy to address the mismatched incentives among various participants. Second, Chongqing’s successful experience in maintaining economic development and whole employment demonstrates the possibility of adopting a rapid coal closure in places with similar resource endowments and industrial structures. Chongqing’s collaborative approach to transferring social responsibilities to local governments also serves as a valuable model that may apply to others’ contexts. Lastly, it is crucial to make context-based policy adjustments and establish an integrated and independent governance system when pursuing a rapid, efficient, and safe coal phase-out.</p>

Assessment of radiation dose level and excess lifetime cancer risk associated with dust samples collected from selected nursery and primary schools in Ife Central and Ife East, Osun State, Nigeria.

Abstract Primordial radionuclides are, among others, sources of radiation exposure to man. In this study, dust from some 24 nursery and primary schools in Ife Central and Ife East Local Government Areas (LGA) of Osun State were collected and analysed for 238U, 232Th, and 40K using CsI scintillation detector connected to a Universal Radiation Spectrum Analyser (URSA II) for spectrum analysis. From the specific activity concentrations of 238U, 232Th, and 40K, absorbed dose rates and radiological parameters were calculated. The mean activity concentrations of 238U, 232Th, and 40K in Bq/kg were found to be (45±2, 46±2), (56±5,60±5) and (669±76, 744±86) respectively for Ife Central and Ife East LGAs, however, the difference between the data sets from the two communities were not statistically significant. The total mean ± S.D (standard deviation) calculated over the whole study area were as follows; 238U= 45±11; 232Th=58±15 and 40K=702±196. The values of these radionuclides’ activities were higher than the world averages of 33, 45, and 420 for 238U, 232Th, and 40K respectively set by UNSCEAR. The mean absorbed dose rate in the air (in nGy/h) for Ife Central was 85±7 while for Ife East was 92±8. Both values were higher than the world average of 55 nGy/h. Also, the excess lifetime cancer risk was 1.66 × 10-3 for Ife Central and 1.8 × 10-3 for Ife East LGAs. Generally, Ife East LGA has higher activity concentrations than Ife Central LGA although the difference is not statistically significant.

우리나라 인구정책에 대한 비판적 논의

Purpose: Korea’s total fertility rate is facing a situation where it is less than 1, and the country's population is declining. In addition, as the baby boom generation retires, the problem of aging is emerging. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the current status of population policy in Korea and to find a direction for improvement through critical discussion.
 Methods: This study first examined the population policy announced by the government through the ｢4th Basic Plan for Low Fertility and Aging Society｣. From this, the population policies of the central government and local governments were analyzed by dividing them into economic, legal and institutional, and educational and cultural perspectives, and it was pointed out that the educational and cultural perspectives were somewhat lacking or ambiguous. Therefore, based on previous studies that affect trust in government and policies and cases of studies on population policies, critical discussions were conducted on the lack of empathy for Korean policies.
 Results: In order to successfully implement Korea’s population policy, it can be said that empathy for the policy is essential. Accordingly, it was suggested that empathy for population policy can be complemented through population education. However, continuous interaction is necessary between population policy and population education as a process of long-term efforts, and population education must also be able to find its own direction and tasks.
 Conclusion: For the success of population policy, a continuous process of discussion in various fields is necessary. Accordingly, this study developed a critical discussion on Korea's population policy based on the ｢4th Basic Plan for Low Fertility and Aging Society｣, focusing on empathy and education. In order to empathize with the policy, it emphasized the need to provide opportunities to face the population problems faced on a regular basis through population education.

Quality of Government Innovation Public Safety Center (PSC) 199 in Soppeng Regency

Government innovation in health services is one of the autonomy affairs that has a lot of room for innovation because the challenges of health services are very complex, that complexity produces various ideas in addition to producing novelty in a government innovation update, among others, in improving services to the community both in the central government and local governments. At the local level, for example, there are currently several city districts that have succeeded in holding administrative innovations, to improve government administration, and can serve the community well. But the performance of local governments in implementing public services in improving the achievement of local government development. This research uses qualitative methods. Data collected through observation and documentation and developed through interviews. The results of this study indicate that the quality of Soppeng Regency local government innovation in health services for 24 hours can be categorized as good and maximum service, because it is based on the rules of the government itself and perceived service to community leaders and service users (Patients).

Fight against indiscipline? The governance of street trader displacements in Oshodi Market, Lagos

This article examines the process of urban governance through the lens of street trader displacements, a common policy adopted by city authorities in Africa. Whilst some knowledge exists on how central-local government relations affect urban governance, the combined effect of the nature of sub-national governance and local political dynamics on the process of urban governance requires deeper consideration. Drawing on in-depth qualitative case study research in Lagos, Nigeria, this article analyses how urban governance processes produce street trader displacements. From the “war against indiscipline” (WAI) policy by the Nigerian government to the “kick against indiscipline” (KAI) taskforce set up by Lagos State Government to implement its zero-tolerance policy against informal economy workers, street traders in Lagos have continuously suffered under unfavourable government policies. This legacy led up to the large-scale street trader displacements around the popular Oshodi Market in Lagos in 2009. Based on an analysis of urban governance through the lens of the displacements in Oshodi, this paper reveals how the overwhelming influence of city authorities and state-society relationships combine to produce displacements, with existing market trader associations unable to contest street trader displacements due to their political co-option by city authorities. The paper furthers knowledge on how politics shapes urban development and highlights the need for a careful consideration of enduring complex underlying relationships for a grounded understanding of urban governance in the African context.

Effects of Government Internal Control System, Accessibility Financial Report, Local Financial Management Transparency, Local Financial Management Accountability Toward Local Government Performance

The aims of this paper is to examine the effects of government internal control system (SPIP), accessibility financial report (ALK), local financial management transparency (TPKD), and local financial management accountability (APKD) toward local government performance (KPD) of Central Lombok Local Government of Indonesia. Type of this paper was causative research. The population in this study are internal and external stakeholders, with purposive sampling technique, and involving 150 respondents. The result of this test using SPSS 20 shows that Government internal control system has negative and not significant effect to local government performance, while Financial report accessibility, transparency, and accountability have positive and significant effect to local government performance. The results of this study can contribute to knowledge and development of accountancy literature especially public sector accountancy associated with local financial management and their implication to local government performance.

Sleep quality and its relationship with school schedules and mental health of Nigerian secondary school adolescents.

This study aimed to determine the sleep quality of in-school Nigerian adolescents and its association with their schooling and mental health outcomes. The study was a descriptive cross-sectional study. It was conducted among adolescents attending public and private secondary schools within Ife Central Local Government, Osun State, southwestern Nigeria. A multistage sampling technique was employed to select study participants. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ) - 9 and General Anxiety Disorder (GAD) - 7 questionnaires were used to determine sleep quality, depression and anxiety respectively. We studied 448 adolescents aged between 10-19 years with a mean age of 15.0±1.8 years. The majority of our respondents (85.0%) had poor sleep quality. More than half of the respondents (55.1%) had insufficient sleep during weekdays while only 34.8% had insufficient sleep during weekends. The school closing time and school type showed a statistically significant association with sleep quality (p= 0.039 and 0.005 respectively). The odds of having poor sleep quality increased by two-folds among adolescents in private schools when compared with those in public schools (aOR=1.97, 95%CI=1.069 - 3.627). Using multiple linear regression, only depression showed a statistically significant association with sleep quality at 95% CI (p<0.001) such that for every unit change in depression scores (PHQ-9), there will be a corresponding increase of 0.103 in sleep quality. Sleep quality is poor and is associated with the mental health of adolescents adversely. This should also be addressed in the development of appropriate interventions.

Beyond technology: reducing environmental information asymmetry by centralizing environmental monitoring

Due to an information gap between the central government and local governments, the principal-agent problem arises when power is devolved to the bureaucracy and local governments. We look at how China’s decision to consolidate its network of air quality monitoring stations has affected the ability of local governments to influence air quality readings. After the switch to centralized monitoring, an increase in PM2.5 and PM10 levels was detected. No increase in aerosol optical depth (AOD) from satellites or emission from nearby polluting firms corroborates the hypothesis that this reported rise in PM2.5 and PM10 is not due to an increase in air pollution. These findings highlight the potential for data manipulation by local governments and the benefits of data centralization in reducing information asymmetry. According to our research results, we suggest that the government should establish a unified, centralized environmental quality monitoring system to reduce information asymmetry and data falsification.

Analysis of the Fiscal Independence of the Regional Government of Timor Tengah Selatan Regency in Carrying Out Regional Government Affairs

This study aims to analyze the level of fiscal independence and the government's performance in carrying out local government affairs in Timor Tengah Selatan Regency. This study uses a quantitative descriptive approach by calculating the level of fiscal independence and local government performance achievements. The results of this study indicate that the average fiscal independence of Timor Tengah Selatan Regency in 2016-2021 is based on an independence ratio of 7.23% so that it is classified according to the fiscal independence assessment criteria. High dependency on assistance from the central government through balancing/transfer funds, and if it is related to the pattern of relations between the central government and local governments, it is included in the category of instructive relationship patterns. While the average performance score of the TTS district government during the 2016-2021 period was 2.52 and was in the low category, in 2016 the TTS district government obtained a score of 2.63 with a moderate predicate, which is the highest achievement during the 2016- 2021