Central Leadership Research Articles

Interaction Quality Among Children, Staff and Parents in German ECEC Centres in the COVID-19 Pandemic

During the COVID-19 pandemic, early childhood education and care (ECEC) centres implemented various protective and hygiene measures. Some of these, such as maintaining distance or wearing face masks, temporarily restricted interactions between pedagogical staff, children, and parents. This may have made it difficult for staff to provide high-quality interactions with positive and sensitive attitudes towards children and parents. The long-term effects of these distancing measures on the quality of daily interactions in ECEC centres have been largely unexplored. Based on a panel survey of German ECEC centre leaders conducted over a period of one and a half years, we used random-effect-within-between models to provide a long-term assessment of the effects of specific protective measures on different levels of interactions within ECEC centres. These levels include staff-child interactions, interactions between children, and cooperation between staff and parents. Our findings indicate that child-child interactions were largely unaffected by the measures, while staff-parent interactions suffered the most. Communication with parents and regular implementation of pedagogical practices had a stabilizing effect, while keeping distance from children, wearing face masks, and (pandemic-related) staff shortages worsened staff-child interactions. Additionally, our findings revealed that adopting a stricter group concept was associated with improved staff-child interactions. Centers that had previously used an open group concept reported lower quality interactions during the pandemic. This study provides valuable insights into the effects of protective measures on daily interactions in ECEC centres, highlighting the importance of considering both short-term and long-term effects when implementing protective measures.

Analisis Bahan Ajar Maharah Qira’ah di SMP Muhammadiyah 3 Yogyakarta Berbasis CEFR

This study aims to analyze the teaching materials of Arabic maharah qira'ah in class IX of SMP Muhammadiyah 3 Yogyakarta. This research is a library research (literature study). In this study, there are two data sources used, namely primary and secondary data sources. The primary data source is taken from the book Arabic Language Education SMP Muhamamdiyah Class IX by Anji Fathunaja, S.Pd.I. and Sugeng Riyanyo, S.Pd.I. published by the Muhammadiyah Central Leadership Agency in 2018 Primary and Secondary Education and European Language Learning Outcomes Standards (CEFR). While secondary data sources are books, journal articles, and sites that discuss the analysis of teaching materials for maharah qira'ah as well as references that support this research. The data analysis technique uses descriptive analysis techniques. After the data obtained then describes systematically the results of the research. The results of the research on the analysis of Arabic maharah qira'ah teaching materials in class IX SMP Muhammadiyah 3 Yogyakarta, state that the Arabic Language Education Book SMP Muhammadiyah 3 Yogyakarta has been arranged systematically and interestingly, so it is suitable to be used as a textbook in Arabic language learning and more specifically in maharah qira'ah, because the book has presented materials related to students' spiritual attitudes and knowledge. In addition, the materials presented are in accordance with the CEFR-based learning outcome standards, and if referring to the CEFR standards, they are included in the A2/ Elementary and B1/Intermediate levels.

Pemekaran Nagari: Transformasi Desa Adat di Kabupaten Pesisir Selatan

This article discusses the changes and continuities in the structure and function of nagari, Minangkabau “traditional” village. Many scholars consider nagari as an autonomic “village republic” which was ruled by local leaders based on customary law. Even though nagari has been incorporated into the national administrative structure during colonial and post-independence of Indonesia, nagari is still regarded as the source of legitimacy on customary law. Especially in the 2000s, nagari has given more authority in the national legal system in Indonesia. In this article, I describe how nagari in Pesisir Selatan, West Sumatra is divided into smaller units. In order to get more budgets for village management from central government, local leaders and village heads chose to divide the nagari into smaller villages administratively but maintained large nagari informally as a single community bound by customary law. Interestingly, the new administrative villages are also called “nagari” and are given authority on customary law. This created a situation in which formal smaller but administrative nagari co-exists with larger yet informal nagari. What are the consequences of this dualism? By analyzing the process of nagari division, I describe how several different notions of “nagari” have developed in one village.

Organic Aminoethoxyvinylglycine Is an Effective Alternative for Reducing Apple Preharvest Drop

Organic apple (Malus ×domestica Borkh.) growers lack effective strategies to manage preharvest drop. For susceptible cultivars, yield losses caused by preharvest drop can exceed 30% at the beginning of harvest. To address this issue, a formulation of aminoethoxyvinylglyine (AVG) designed for organic use was developed and compared with a commercially available AVG formulation. We evaluated the effects and interactions of the AVG formulation and application number on preharvest drop and fruit maturity in 2017 and 2018. We selected 30 pairs of mature ‘Oregon Spur II Red Delicious’/‘M. 111’ trees planted at the Mountain Horticultural Crops Research and Extension Center in Mills River, NC, USA. Trees were planted with spacing of 2.7 × 6.1 m, trained to a central leader, and received plant protectant sprays that adhered to local recommendations throughout the growing season. Both AVG formulations were applied at 132 mg⋅L−1 at 3 or 3 + 1 weeks before the anticipated harvest. An untreated control was also included for comparison. The experiment had six replicates and a randomized complete block design with a 2 × 2 augmented factorial treatment structure. A one-way analysis of variance was performed and single degree of freedom contrasts were used to compare treatment groups of interest. During both years, organic and conventional AVG were equally effective for reducing preharvest drop and delaying fruit softening and starch hydrolysis at harvest. During one year, increasing the number of applications of AVG reduced cumulative fruit drop, delayed fruit softening at harvest, and reduced internal ethylene concentrations. Inconsistencies in responses across years may be explained, in part, by abnormally warm temperatures observed in 2018. AVG approved for organic use appears to be a promising preharvest drop management technology with efficacy similar to that of conventional AVG.

Teaching Young Children Values in a Multi-religious Secular Society

Purpose: Singapore is a multi-religious society where the state is secular, and different religions coexist. Values are taught at home and in schools from young. The government has a set of national values that underpin the Character and Citizenship Education which begin from primary education. However, in early childhood education, the national frameworks do not explicitly articulate the values that should be cultivated in children below six years of age up till November 2022, when the revised Nurturing Early Learners Framework is launched and explicate values that should be cultivated at preschool level. Against this diverse sociocultural context, this paper seeks to unpack these values and find out current centre practices on the ground.
 Method: This paper uses data of a qualitative study where purposeful sampling is used to select research sites and participants according to the various types of operators in the early childhood education landscape. Semi-structured interviews are conducted for data collection and analysed using thematic analysis. The data presented in this paper offers insights to the perspectives of centre leaders who lead and manage centres run by different operator types in a diverse early childhood education landscape.
 Results: The findings reveal that centre leaders’ interpretations of the values are generally aligned with the framework’s descriptors and uncover the complexity of values as overlaps across values. The study provides insights to current centre practices on values education.
 Conclusion: The study indicates alignment between leaders’ definitions and understanding of values espoused in the NEL framework and that values education does take place across early childhood development centre types. With the four values explicated for the early childhood education landscape, there is greater clarity on the values that should be cultivated in young children from young.

A retrospective analysis of coping competence among community health centers during the COVID-19 pandemic in Shanghai, China: Coping strategies for future public health emergency events.

This study aims to investigate the coping competence of 12 community health centers through nursing workforce, emergency preparation, emergency response training, and emergency support in a district of Shanghai during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in 2022 to propose coping strategies and implication for Future Public Health Emergency Events for community health centers. A cross-sectional survey was conducted on June 2022, and 12 community health centers (servicing a population of 104,472.67 ± 41,421.18, with 125 ± 36 health care providers per center) were then divided into group A (n = 5, medical care ratio ≥ 1:1) and group B (n = 7, medical care ratio < 1:1) according to collected data, and the nursing human resources management and coping competence of the centers with COVID-19 of both groups were retrospectively analyzed. Nursing shortages were obvious across all 12 centers. Certain deficiencies in the coping competence of community health centers with emergencies must be addressed (possession rate < 70% in both groups, p > 0.05). Community health centers need to enhance hospital-to-hospital collaboration and the ability to transport emergency staff to the post promptly during outbreaks. Emergency coping assessments, emergency drills at different levels, and mental health support need to be implemented regularly among community health centers, and effective donation management should be pursued as well. We expect that this study could support efforts by leaders of community health centers to conclude coping strategies including increasing nursing workforce, optimizing human recourse management, and identifying areas of improvement of centers for emergency coping during public health events.

The Role of Aisyiyah's Thought in the Advancement of Early Childhood Education in Kendal District

This study aims to analyze the role of Aisyiyah in the development of education in Kendal Regency in 1950-2020, so as to find out the background of the establishment of Aisyiyah Kendal. Aisyiyah as a special autonomy organization of Muhammadiyah can nurture women to be educated to become leaders, and be prepared to become administrators in the Muhammadiyah women's organization. Aisyiyah's presence in developing her educational role in Kendal Regency has given birth to strong cadres in organization. Aisyiyah's presence in Kendal is inseparable from the arrival of Muhammadiyah ideas and thoughts. Aisyiyah is engaged in social, educational, health and religious domains, this research uses historical methods consisting of heuristics, verification, interpretation, historiography. Aisyiyah has activities with several programs, one of which is in the field of education, especially in Bustanul Athfal Kindergarten (TK), Aisyiyah program on worship guided by the Central Leadership (PP) in Jakarta about Kemuhammadiyahan and Keaisyiyahan.

Implementation of Progressive Islamic Policy in Regional Leaders of Muhammadiyah North Sumatra Period 2015 – 2020

This research wants to find out the Implementation of Progressive Islamic Policy in the North Sumatra Muhammadiyah Regional Leaders for the 2015 – 2020 period, the supporting factors and obstacles encountered. Using the theory of policy implementation by George C. Edwards III, Merilee S. Grindle and David L. Weimer and Aidan R. Vining, to find out how intense implementation is in the North Sumatra PWM environment. At the same time solving the main problems in this study that are proposed in the problem formulation. Using historical methods with a qualitative approach. The results of the study answer the formulation of the problem, namely PWM North Sumatra has implemented Progressive Islamic movements in various fields (education, health, social, da'wah, humanity and nationality). The PWM program is in accordance with the policy of the central leadership implemented by the Muhammadiyah leadership of North Sumatra. PWM in implementing Progressive Islam faces various challenges both internal and external. Internally there are still many cadres who have not implemented the concept of Progressive Islam and other challenges. While externally there is a misunderstanding of the community towards PWM in terms of the purification of worship. And these challenges continue to be faced with preaching, education and providing good understanding to the community.

Turkish Heritage Language Programs for Immigrant Children in the United States: The Current State and Opportunities

This study investigates Turkish community centers (weekend schools) in the United States. These centers are usually used as places of worship, cultural centers, and/or heritage language programs for immigrant children. This study aims to provide a snapshot of Turkish heritage language programs with a descriptive research design by collecting information from administrators and/or teachers of Turkish community centers in the United States. Administrators and/or teachers from 12 different centers responded to the online survey which consisted of questions on categories such as organizational, teacher-related, student-related, and parental issues. The data was analyzed with content analysis based on these categories. The results of the study demonstrates that Turkish heritage language programs overwhelmingly function within the informal cultural context on a voluntary basis and are not integrated into the formal education system. Although the center leaders expend effort to attract kids and parents, enrollments remain low and concentrated among primary school-age children. These centers are overwhelmingly funded by the community, the Turkish state, and private organizations and lack support from U.S. institutions. While some centers prioritize religious education, others give only cultural education. They generally offer few classes, employ teachers with minimal experience, and do not sufficiently collaborate with each other. This study concludes that community centers play a critical role in maintaining heritage languages since they are the only spaces for Turkish children’s professional language development. They provide immigrant families and children with complex social, cultural, and educational experiences. The field needs further study that explores the role of these complex interactions in heritage language proficiency.

Leaders and the Breakdown of Democracy in Turkey, 1973-1980

This article focuses on Turkey’s crisis-ridden years, from 1973 to 1980. As an under-explored era in English language scholarship, it makes a distinct contribution to the literature on pre-1980 coup Turkish politics. In doing so, it illustrates the implications for the democratic order arising from the two central political leaders of the era Süleyman Demirel and Bülent Ecevit’s tussle for power across the decade. The study draws on fieldwork interviews and critical reading of Turkish and English sources to reveal new insights into the leaders’ actions and decisions that trapped the country in a state of political paralysis, inflamed left-right violence, and politicized state institutions, ultimately dragging Turkey down one of its most turbulent periods. It illustrates how the leaders played crucial roles in shaping conditions that eventually resulted in the termination of multi-party politics with a military coup on 12 September 1980.

Leadership Practices and the Performance of Public Organizations in Kenya: A Case of Nyeri County Headquarters

Despite the central role leadership plays in achieving set objectives for organizations, leadership practices can sometimes be an impediment to achieving those goals and objectives. The study examined influence of leadership practices on performance of public organisations in Kenya, Nyeri County Headquarters. Predictor variables included communication, leadership support, accountability, and delegation. Out of the 159 randomly selected participants, 113 successfully participated, translating into 71% response rate. From the findings, 53%, 76%, 73%, and 64% of the respondents respectively agreed that communication, leadership support, accountability, and delegation influenced performance of public organizations. Inferential statistics showed that communication (p=0.002&lt;0.05), leadership support (p=0.001&lt;0.05), accountability (p=0.004&lt;0.05), and delegation (p=0.003&lt;0.05), all significantly influenced organizational performance in the public sector in Kenya. In conclusion, leadership practices generally significantly influenced organizational performance in the public sector. The study recommended good leadership practices in Kenyan public sector through effective HR policies and management structures for better performance.

Posthumous Organ Donation in Islam, Christianity, and Judaism: How Religious Beliefs Shape the Decision to Donate.

Evidence indicates that the religious beliefs of patients, potential donors, family members, and healthcare professionals play an important role in deciding to donate an organ. We aim to summarize the religious views of Christians, Muslims, and Jews on organ donation contributing to the decision-making process. Different approaches to this topic worldwide are presented, providing helpful information for medical professionals. A literature review was conducted regarding the view of Israel's leadership of the three largest religions on organ transplantation. This review revealed that all Israeli central religious leaders have a positive view on organ donation. However, various aspects of the transplantation process (such as consent, brain death, and respect for the dead body) must be carried out as each religion prescribes. Thus, understanding the different religious views and regulations on organ donations may help reduce religious concerns about transplantation and narrow the gap between the need and the availability of organ donations.

A Collaborative Approach to Address Racism in a Community–Academic Partnership

The HERCULES Exposome Research Center at Emory University uses an exposome approach to study the environment's effect on health and community well-being. HERCULES is guided by a Stakeholder Advisory Board (SAB) that includes representatives of neighborhoods, nonprofit organizations, government agencies, and academic institutions in the Atlanta metropolitan region. This region (and the SAB) has a large proportion of Black residents, many of whom live in areas experiencing environmental injustices. Historic and current racial injustices in Atlanta and public health research made it imperative to initiate dialogue and implement actions to address racism and power dynamics that may impact research and partnerships between affected communities and our institution.After initial discussion, the HERCULES Community Engagement Core and SAB members formed a workgroup to develop an internal anti-racism process. The workgroup drafted an Anti-Racism Commitment, hosted a Racism and Equity Dialogue Series, and initiated a strategic planning process to implement the resulting recommendations, which fell into the following categories: anti-racist guidance/policies and recommendations for research, community engagement, and the department. Center leadership and the SAB were engaged throughout the iterative process.This deliberate and ongoing process allows HERCULES to identify and begin implementing action items that go beyond a written proclamation to address racialized power imbalances and systemic inequities. HERCULES is committed to working collaboratively to earn community trust while addressing systemic issues, recognizing that these are essential to forming research partnerships that address health inequities.

Eurosceptic narratives in the age of COVID-19: the Central European states in focus

ABSTRACT This text examines the impact of the coronavirus crisis on the Eurosceptic narratives of Central European leaders. By conducting a narrative analysis of statements made by the Visegrád Four government leaders, the text concludes that the individual leaders were for the most part unable to create new Eurosceptic narratives due to the specific nature of the coronavirus issue. Except for Slovakia, the leaders built on existing narratives from the polycrisis period and subsequently thematically linked these to the new crisis. Viktor Orbán was proficient in consolidating most of the previous Eurosceptic narratives of various thematic provenances within his coronavirus rhetoric.

TRANSITION PRACTICES OF HYPERTENSIVE YOUTH FROM PEDIATRIC TO ADULT HEALTH CARE AMONG ESH EXCELLENCE CENTRES

Objective: Transition refers to the process of changeover from pediatric to adult health care. In the light of the increasing prevalence of arterial hypertension in children and adolescents we aimed to assess transition practices from pediatric to adult health care among Excellence Centres of the European Society of Hypertension (ESH). Design and method: A 22-question survey was sent out to ESH Excellence Centres in July 2022. Only one answer per excellence center from the center leader was allowed. Results: Forty-nine ESH Excellence centres responded the survey, almost all (98%) affiliated in hospital settings. Specific transition clinics do not exist in 64% of the settings. The median number of young adults diagnosed with childhood hypertension transferred from pediatric clinics to ESH Excellence Centres is 5 per year (interquartile range 2 - 13). In 66% of the centres, the transition process is limited to written medical history (transfer letter). Only 23% centres reported coordinated visits at pediatric and adult clinics. The main criterion for patient transfer to adult clinics is patient age (87% of the centres) with transfer age being at 18 years in 75% of the centres, while 20% reported transfer ages younger than 18 years. In only 9% of the centres patient self-management skills are assessed to decide readiness for transfer to adult clinics. The ESH 2016 guidelines hypertension staging criteria in children and adolescents (Lurbe et al J Hypertens) are applied in 52% of the centres, the ESC/ESH 2018 adult hypertension guidelines (Williams B et al J Hypertens) are used in 21% and national guidelines are used in the remaining centres. Adherence is considered the main challenge during transition process as reported by 68% of the centres, lifestyle by 66%, patients’ lack of understanding of their condition by 50%, and psychosocial issues by 50% of the centres. Fifty-one percent of centres modify treatment after transfer according to adult recommendations, 93% for uncontrolled hypertension and 75% to change in single (combination) pill. Conclusions: Coordination and communication between pediatric and adult units should be reinforced as they are major factors for effective transition into adult health care.

Pengembangan Aplikasi Audit Satuan Pengawasan Internal UIN Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta

In carrying out internal supervision duties, SPI UIN Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta innovates by carrying out digital document-based supervision using the Google Drive service. SPI auditors often felt problems in using Google Drive, namely having to check the completeness of financial accountability documents manually one by one by opening a file on Google Drive. One of the goals of developing this application is to facilitate SPI auditors in checking the completeness of financial accountability report documents. The problems can be solved by creating an audit application. The audit application has been developed using the FAST method. Central admin, SPI admin, operator, superior operator, auditor, team leader, technical controller, and Head of SPI are user access rights in this application. The developed application has met the minimum requirements of SPI UIN Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta. Other universities can adopt this application.

Perempuan dalam Politik: Rekrutmen Anggota Legislatif Perempuan Partai Demokrasi Indonesia Perjuangan (PDIP) Jawa Timur di Pileg 2019

This study discusses Women in Politics: Recruitment of Female Legislative Members of the East Java Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle (PDIP) in the 2019 Legislative Election. Through political parties, women can integrate themselves into the political system. One of the functions of political parties is as a means of political recruitment, in the study of political science this recruitment is an activity of choosing and selecting and then appointing qualified members to occupy political positions according to their abilities. This research is the result of qualitative research which aims to look at the recruitment process carried out by PDIP East Java. The researcher used the theory of the stages of recruitment from Pippa Norris and the data findings found that the recruitment process was carried out by the PDI Perjuangan party openly. Selection of legislative candidates starts from party cadres, in parties there is gender equality in determining legislative candidates. Political recruitment in selecting candidates was found, parties still prioritize potential candidates who have power for the benefit of the party in increasing votes. The selection process is carried out by the party structure. Decision making in selection shows a patronage relationship from the central leadership (DPP) and regional leaders (DPD) so that it can influence the process of recruiting legislative candidates.

Managing for agility in constant change: HR strategies for teaching center leaders

Centers for teaching and learning (CTLs) exist in dynamic contexts and need to be agile, with skilled, adaptable teams to prepare for and respond to changes. In this article, we provide CTL leaders with relevant and eminently practical strategies from the human resources (HR) literature, offering guidance in the four areas of organizational structure, direction-setting, capacity-building, and accountability. For each area, we address pivotal challenges with practical approaches grounded in existing research and theory to provide options for CTL leaders in their quest to have well-functioning, agile units. Examples focus on helping existing centers to adapt and refocus, as needed, in response to evolving contexts and priorities.

From the nexus vision to the NexusIPE™ learning model

ABSTRACT The Nexus vision of simultaneously transforming health professions education and healthcare delivery to achieve Triple (now Quadruple) Aim outcomes was first articulated in the 2012 proposal and funding of the National Center for Interprofessional Practice and Education (National Center). Over the past decade, the National Center has worked with over 70 sites implementing large scale and practice-based interprofessional practice and education (IPE) programs. Because what is needed to implement the Nexus to achieve Quadruple Aim outcomes was not well understood in 2012, the National Center took a social innovations and developmental evaluation approach. This iterative method led to the development of the National Center NexusIPE™ Learning Model that adapts the 3-P high-level stages (Presage, Process, and Product), proposed as a framework for IPE by Barr and colleagues. National Center collaborators’ lessons learned about the Nexus vision are highlighted in this issue and provide real-world examples of elements of the NexusIPETM Learning Model. Reflecting on ten years of experience, the National Center leaders recognize the need for Nexus transformation and the relevance of the NexusIPETM Learning Model today as education and health systems grapple with mounting workforce challenges. The model provides opportunities to address growing workforce shortages, provide equitable care that leads to health, and support the well-being of practice teams in the face of challenges such as the COVID-19 pandemic

Effect of spring nitrogen fertilization on bearing and branching behaviors of young apple trees.

The total aboveground biomass production, nutritional status, bearing and branching behaviors of the central leader and one year old shoots of young apple trees have been analyzed. The shoots were further characterized according to the length, shoot demography, and the production of terminal and lateral flowers. All the characteristics are described in connection with nitrogen supply and cultivar. Nitrogen represents one of the major macronutrients involved in the growth and development of the fruit trees. The understanding of the effect of nitrogen supply for flower bud formation can be further improved by detailed analyses of tree architecture. While the biomass production was cultivar specific, the trees within particular cultivar were characterized by almost similar growth with respect to the nitrogen supply. Cultivar ´Rubinola´ exhibited similar branching pattern, but higher vigor than ´Topaz´. As a result of higher apical dominance, ´Rubinola´ produced higher proportion of long shoots, but a lower quality of short shoots than ´Topaz´. Consequently, cultivar ´Rubinola´ produced only few terminal flowers on short shoots and lateral flowers dominantly in the distal zone, while ´Topaz´ was characterized by intensive terminal flowering, but the lateral flowers were more abundant in the median zone. Even a lower dose of spring nitrogen improved the flower bud formation on both terminal and lateral positions extending the flowering zone on one-year-old shoots. This further changed the branching and bearing behavior of the apple trees, which particularly allows to optimize their fertilization management. However, this effect appears to be further regulated by mechanism connected with apical dominance.