Central Jutland Research Articles

Breeding system and seasonal variation in seed set in a population of Potentilla palustris

The breeding system and factors affecting seed set in a population of Potentilla palustris were studied in Central Jutland, Denmark. The reddish-brown, bowl-shaped, and nectariferous flowers of Potentilla palustris had an average of 376795 viable pollen grains and 187 single-ovuled carpels. The number of ovules per flower decreased significantly along an inflorescence, from 312 in the basal flowers to 97 in the flowers in distal positions. The flowers were protandrous and opened mainly during the day. Male and female phases lasted on average 1.6 and 3.0 days, respectively. Pollination experiments showed that P. palustris was facultatively autogamous to facultatively xenogamous. The plant was selfcompatible and auto-deposition of pollen occurred, but insect polllination enhanced seed set. Outcrossing increased seed set compared to selfing. A long outcrossing distance increased seed set comparative to short distance crossings. Seed set per flower declined through the flowering season mainly due to a significant reduction in the number of ovules per flower with time and/or node position. It is suggested that intra-plant competition for a limited amount of resource is the main factor limiting seed set in this population, but pollen limitation occur in late season. The quantitative and qualitative impact on seed set by pollinating insects is discussed.

Glacial stratigraphy of East and Central Jutland

Glaciostratigraphic investigations at one key locality (Haldum), 9 major and about 160 minor localities in East and Central Jutland, Denmark, together with laboratory work, have led to the establishment of a stratigraphy consisting of 10 till units, usually separated by meltwater deposits. The stratigraphy is in some degree supported by thermoluminescence datings. The complete sequence includes one till unit with associated meltwater deposits of Menapian age, three till units with intercalated meltwater deposits of Elsterian age, marine sediments deposited during the Holsteininan, and three till units with intercalated of Elsterian age, marine sediments deposited during the Holsteinian, and three till units with intercalated glaciofluvial sedimants of Saalian age. Eemian deposits are present above this level, and the whole sequence is capped by till and meltwater deposits related to three glacial advances during the Weichselian.

Restoration and enhancement of engineered river channels: Some european experiences

AbstractAs government and organizations responsible for river mangement throughout the World become increasingly aware of the need to reconcile engineering objectives with nature conservation, alternative strategies for river management such as channel restoration are likely to continue to be developed and applied to particular areas.Based on the experiences of 15 restoration projects in Denmark and Britain the criteria which determine the success of such projects are outlined. The essential precursor to a successful restoration project is a thorough feasibility and planning study. The type of restoration work included in a project is constrained by a variety of factors, including the physcial environment and the project objectives. The detailed design needs to be tailored to the individual river reaches under consideration. Project planning should consider the timing and supeervision of construction and make recommendations on the nature of maintenance. A management plan is desirable and post‐project appraisal is essetnial to evaluate the long‐term hydraulic and environmental performances. These criteria have been applied to two recent projects carried out on the River Lambourn in Berkshire, England, and on the Elbaek in central Jutland, Denmark.

Geology of the Søby-Fasterholt area. Text

A general description of the Quaternary and Neogene of Central Jutland follows after an introductory survey of previous investigations in the area and the general regional geology of the Neogene of Denmark. The Quaternary morphology and especially the solifluction deposits and periglacial structures are described. The Tertiary deltaic browncoal bearing deposits of the S0by-Fasterholt area are described in detail (lithostratigraphy) based upon exposures, wells and the petrography of the browncoal seams. The Miocene marine Hodde Formation and the outcrops of the Gram Formation of the Søby-Fasterholt area are described in general. The Fasterholt Flora especially, but also the Damgaard Flora and the Søby Flora, is discussed in an extended chapter on the biostratigraphy, and the pollen- stratigraphy is compared to the Lower Rhenian region. Finally, The exposures revealing pre-Weichselian disharmonic folding and faulting caused by compression are described and compiled.

A Late Neolithic Hoard with Objects of Bronze and Gold from Skeldal, Central Jutland

A Late Neolithic Hoard with Objects of Bronze and Gold from Skeldal, Central Jutland

Logging in deep water wells in central Jutland, Denmark

During a search for unpolluted resources, new wells have been drilled to a deep confined aquifer in central Jutland. Since little is known about the extent and vulnerability of the deep reservoir, geophysical logging was used to supplement hydraulic well‐testing. Gamma‐ray, SP and resistivity logs were recorded in the boreholes. Gamma‐logs were also recorded in two cased wells. Analysis of the logs, combined with information from samples, shows an unconfined aquifer of quartz and mica sand to a depth of about 55 m at Grindsted. Below this level there is a 40 m thick aquitard with an apparent southerly dip. The aquitard is composed of interbedded sand, silt and clay. The deep confined aquifer extends from 95 to 110 m below the surface at Grindsted. Both the aquitard and the deep aquifer are provisionally dated as Early/Middle Miocene. The electrical logs discriminate well between sand, silt and clay beds. If a suitable mud is used in the well it is possible to calculate the formation water resistivities in good agreement with water samples obtained after completion. From the resistivity logs formation factors were calculated in the range 3–5 using no‐invasion departure curves. The high content of heavy mineralsin the Tertiary deposits makes it impossible to obtain precise lithological information from the gamma‐ray log. On the other hand this log provides clear markers for identifying the hydrogeological units in the well‐bores.

Quaternary magnetostratigraphy in Denmark

Magnetostratigraphical results from various historical, Holocene, Lateglacial and Glacial deposits from Central Jutland, Vendsyssel, the Baltic Sea and Schleswig‐Holstein are illustrated and discussed. Although only a few archaeomagnetic case studies have yet been made in Denmark, magnetic datings with accuracies of about ±50 years have been obtained on mediaeval kilns by comparing with a dipole transformed modification of the British archaeomagnetic master curve. Furthermore, a study of the expected east–west orientation of some 330 Romanesque churches in Denmark seem to indicate that about 25% of these churches were magnetically orientated; thus some kind of a magnetic compass may have been in common use in the twelfth century in Denmark. Radiocarbon‐dated Holocene lake sediments from lake Skanderborg reveal a distinct pattern of magnetic secular variation with fairly short time constants, which may be useful in magnetostratigraphical correlations of other lake sediments. Also Lateglacial and Early Postglacial sediments from the southern Baltic Sea show systematical magnetic patterns, whereas glacial boulder clay at the bottom shows disturbed directions, obviously moulded by the moving ice. Lateglacial Younger Yoldia clay from North Jutland shows well‐developed short periodic swings as well as an extreme declination variation of some 80° to 90°, the so‐called ‘Nørre Lyngby declination excursion’ around 14,000 B.P. A sequence of Older Yoldia clay at the same site furthermore shows significantly low inclination values, the so‐called ‘Rubjerg low inclination excursion’ of an age between 23,000 B.P. and 40,000 B.P. Finally, a well‐clustering palaeomagnetic direction from a Weichselian glacial boulder clay from Timmerhorn north of Hamburg is discussed from a hierarchical, statistical point of view.

Cenozoic Differential Subsidence of North Sea

The structural evolution of the central North Sea has been dominated by subsidence throughout the last 65 m.y., which occurred at different rates in various segments of the basin. The bulk of the Tertiary sediments accumulated in a relatively narrow, elongate basin in the central North Sea. The base of the Tertiary today is deeper than 3,250 m in the axis of the Central graben. The overall shape of the basin is well defined by contours decreasing in depth northward to the Norwegian Sea, and landward in all other directions. Different rates of subsidence of the various subbasins are evident by comparison of isopach maps. During the Paleocene and Eocene, the main depocenter was located in the northwest part of the North Sea (the Viking graben), whereas the Oligocene and Miocene depocenters are observed to have been in the southern part of the Central graben. In addition, two ancillary depocenters have been identified for other intervals of the Tertiary: the Moray Firth and the Central Jutland portion of the Danish subbasin.

Bronze Age Houses at Jegstrup, near Skive, Central Jutland

Bronze Age Houses at Jegstrup, near Skive, Central Jutland

A Grave Complex of the Early Single Grave Culture at Skarrild Overby, Central Jutland

A Grave Complex of the Early Single Grave Culture at Skarrild Overby, Central Jutland

Heavy metals in acid streams from lignite mining areas

The drainage water from three abandoned lignite mining fields (Haunstrup, Søby, and Skraastrup) in central Jutland, Denmark is extremely acid (pH, 2.4–4.4), and the concentrations of heavy metals are markedly elevated compared with background levels and with concentrations in two regenerated lignite pits (Karstoft, Nt. Vium). Iron occurs with the highest concentrations in the drainage water and the concentrations of the other elements are in the order Mn > Zn>> Ni > Pb > Cu > V > Cr and > Cd. Concentrations of all analysed elements decline downstream from the mining areas. Iron shows the steepest gradient, due to flocculation within a short distance from the mining areas. Except for Fe, simple dilution with unpolluted water is sufficient to account for the downstream gradients. The mining areas in the river Skjern system have only a local effect on concentrations of heavy metals. In the river Vorgod, concentrations increased by the following factors: Mn, 7; Fe, 6; Zn, 4; Ni, 2; and Cr, 1.5 after confluence with drainage water from Haunstrup, and in the river Rind Mn, 3; Zn, 2; and Ni, 1.2 increased after the outlet from Søby. The export of heavy metals from the lignite mining areas compared with the transport in the river Skjern is about 31% for Fe, 24% for Zn, 18% for Mn, 13% for Ni, and below 10% for the other elements. Treatment of the drainage water from Haunstrup with lime has halved the export of Fe and increased the pH from about 3.0 to 4.0, whereas the concentrations of Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, and Zn have remained almost unchanged. The diversity of submerged macrophytes is very low in the acidic water near the mining areas. High acidity, high levels of heavy metals and low alkalinity are associated, and all may play a role in suppressing the macrophyte flora.

The Søby Flora: Fossil plants from the Middle Miocene delta deposits of the Søby-Fasterholt area, Central Jutland, Denmark. Part II

The taxonomical treatment of the Søby Flora is continued in this work. The present paper is the second of 3 publications in which the flora will be described and the environmental and climatic conditions interpreted. A detailed description of leaf architecture and cuticular anatomy is given on the following species: Jugans acuminata Braun, Juglans juglandiformis (Sternb.) Giebel (no cuticle preserved), Alnus julianaeformis (Sternb.) Kvacek et Holy, Castanea atavia Unger, Liquidambar europaea A. Braun, Ulmus pyramidalis Goeppert and Salix lavateri A. Braun sensu Hantke 1954.

The Søby Flora: Fossil plants from the Middle Miocene delta deposits of the Søby-Fasterholt area, Central Jutland, Denmark. Part I

In 1969 a new Danish fossil flora was found in the Søby-Fasterholt area near Herning. The fossil flora, called the Søby Flora, is found in a clay bed at the top of the Odderup Formation. The bed is succeeded by the Middle Miocene Hodde Clay, itself overlain by Upper Miocene Glauconite Clay. The Gram Clay, containing marine fossils is found a few km further south, and forms a biostratigraphical indicator level. The fossil plants, and especially the leaves, are well preserved. This paper is the first part of the systematic description, treating the following species: Pinus thomasiana (Goepp.) Reichenbach, Taxodium dubium (Sternb.) Heer, Smilax weberi Wessel and Comptonia acutiloba Brongniart. In the present paper the reader will find the epidermis of Smilax weberi and that of Comptonia acutiloba described for the first time.

Dybdeboringen Nøvling nr. 1 i Midtjylland

The book contains geological and geophysical reports on the deep test well Nøvling No. 1. This boring was made by "Dansk Undergrunds Consortium" in Central Jutland 1966.Beds of Pleistocene, Tertiary, Upper Cretaceous, Lower Cretaceous, Jurassic, Triassic, Upper Permian and Upper Silurian age were penetrated. The final depth of the boring was 12342' or 3762 m below the Kelly Bushing.The book includes 17 articles written by 12 authors, all of whom are (or were) from the staff of the Pre-Quaternary Department (= Dep. of Subsurface Geology) of the Geological Survey of Denmark. In an introductory article a review is given of the geological and structural aspects of the boring together with an outline of the technical and administrative data.

Myrhøj, 3 hustomter med klokkebægerkeramik

Myrhøj, 3 hustomter med klokkebægerkeramik

Grave med teltformet overbygning fra tidlig-neolitisk tid

Grave med teltformet overbygning fra tidlig-neolitisk tid

PROTEIN POLYMORPHISM AND GENIC HETEROZYGOSITY IN TWO EUROPEAN SUBSPECIES OF THE HOUSE MOUSE.

A recent survey (Selander and Yang, 1969) of electrophoretically demonstrable genetic variation in proteins in a population of wild house mice (Mus musculus) from Hallowell Farm, Ramona, California, provided a basis for estimating the proportion of polymorphic loci in the total genome. Of 40 loci controlling the 35 enzymes and non-enzymatic proteins studied, 30% were polymorphic, a proportion closely similar to those available for Drosophila pseudoobscura (Lewontin and Hubby, 1966) and for man (Harris et al., 1968; Lewontin, 1967). Because this estimate was based on an analysis of a single population assigned taxonomically to one subspecies (M. m. brevirostris) and derived from ancestral stocks introduced from Europe to North America within historical times (Schwarz and Schwarz, 1943), it seemed desirable to extend the investigation to additional populations and subspecies. In the present paper, we have surveyed electrophoretic protein variation in six samples representing two subspecies of the house mouse, M. m. musculus and M. m. domesticus, occurring in Denmark. Our objectives are to obtain estimates of total genic heterozygosity for comparison with that available for the California population, and to assess the overall degree of genetic difference between the two subspecies, utilizing the loci investigated as a representative sample of the total genome. A genetic comparison of the Danish populations should be of special interest to students of speciation, since M. m. musculus and M. m. domesticus are, in fact, evolutionary semispecies, having acquired many of the attributes of species rank (Mayr, 1963), including conspicuous morphological and behavioral differences. Despite the existence of a zone of allopatric hybridization between the two forms in central Jutland, there appears to be little gene flow between them (Ursin, 1952; and an investigation of protein variation in progress by Hunt). With the Danish material, we have the opportunity to estimate the degree of genetic difference attained by allopatric populations at the critical stage of speciation where coadapted genetic systems are closing and species are forming.

HEREDITARY COPROPORPHYRIA

Abstract A family with hereditary coproporphyria from central Jutland, Denmark, is described. In spite of excretion of considerable amounts of coproporphyrin III with the feces, but no protoporphyrin, and occasionally increased urinary porphyrin as well as porphyrin precursors (PBG and/or ALA) in the urine, all the affected members except one were completely free from symptoms of porphyria during the four years the family was under observation. The only member of the family exhibiting symptoms had a mild attack of acute intermittent porphyria type, presumably provoked by barbiturates, accompanied by pyelonephritis and coli sepsis. She constantly excreted high amounts of coproporphyrin III in her feces and, periodically at least, increased coproporphyrin and slightly increased uroporphyrin with the urine. In most of her siblings the excretion was intermittent and in all of them it was considerably lower than in the patient, although highly elevated. Among the next generation the excretion was much lower. The observations support the concept of dominant inheritance.

Molluscan Faunas and Biostratigraphy of the Marine Younger Miocene Formations in Denmark. Part I: Geology and Biostratigraphy

The result of biostratigraphical investigations into the marine Younger Miocene formations in Denmark on the basis of the molluscan faunas shows the presence of six assemblage zones, distributed by two on the older formation, viz. the Hodde Formation, and four on the younger formation, viz. the Gram Formation:Upper Miocene (Gram Formation):The Nassa slieswicia zone The Astarte reimersi - Nuculana pygmaea zone The Astarte reimersi - Goodallia esbjergensis zone The Astarte vetula zoneLate Middle Miocene (Hodde Formation):The Nassa fuchsi - Limopsis lamellata zone The Nassa cimbrica - Aquilofusus festivus zone.In Denmark all the zones have only been recorded from West and Central Jutland and North Slesvig. So far they all seem to be distributed over the same region, except for the Nassa slieswicia zone, which has so far been recorded only from the region farthest south, close to the Danish-German frontier.The marine Younger Miocene formations in Denmark include an unbroken, at least 35 m. thick series of clay, consisting at the bottom of Hodde Clay (belonging to the Hodde Formation), above that of Glauconite Clay, and at the top of Gram Clay (the last two belonging to the Gram Formation). Fairly homogeneous bottom conditions make it possible to follow the evolution of a few species from the Hodde Clay to the uppermost parts of the Gram Clay.The basis of the investigations is partly collected, partly sorted-out material from about 90 localities scattered over the whole area of distribution. The most important basis, however, is a borehole at Gram in North Slesvig, where the complete series of clay was penetrated, and a borehole at Sæd, also in North Slesvig. Most of the other localities have only yielded fossils from a few assemblage zones. The geological conditions in the main part of the localities show that the series of clay to a great extent has been glacially deformed in the Quaternary Period, which has to some degree complicated the stratigraphical investigations.It has been tried to substantiate the results mentioned through rather a detailed mention of the geological conditions in each locality and through analyses of the sampled and sorted-out fauna from each locality.

Myrthue-graven. Ældre romertids jordfæstegrave i sydvestjylland

Myrthue-graven. Ældre romertids jordfæstegrave i sydvestjylland