Central India Population Research Articles

Serum oxidative stressors levels and association of mtDNA variants with type 2 diabetes mellitus in the Central India population

BackgroundThe mitochondrial genome has a high rate of mutability which plays a major role in pathogenic mutations. These mutations are implicated with mitochondrial dysfunction increasing the vulnerability to Diabetes Mellitus (DM). AimThe study aimed to evaluate the changes in oxidative markers and analyse the specific mitochondrial DNA variants that contributed to DM in the central Indian population. MethodTo assess mitogenomic alteration, Sanger sequencing was used to identify the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) or variants, while ELISA kits were used to evaluate oxidative stress. ResultsThe levels of 8-Hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and Malondialdehyde (MDA) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) were significantly higher than in healthy individual (HI). In T2DM (3371.80 ± 1110.7 pg/ml) the levels of 8-OHdG were significantly greater and were found to be nine times higher compared to the control group (P < 0.001). Additionally, MDA level which is indicative of lipid peroxidation, in the diabetic groups (39.34 ± 23.05 ng/ml) contributed to 18 times higher than the control groups (2.16 ± 2 ng/ml). Moreover, 52 variants were found in our population, among which C10400T variants were significantly prevalent and clustered with the A10398G. These variants confirmed a strong association, on analysis for linkage disequilibrium (r2), with a slightly higher r2 value in the T2DM group (0.92) compared to controls (0.85), indicating a stronger link with diabetes. According to multivariate regression analysis, variants associated with the mitogenome such as C16192T (CI: 0.004 to 1.30, p = 0.028) were found to play a protective role against T2DM. Furthermore, A3384G and G16129A may contribute to the protective role against the risk of developing diabetes. ConclusionThe study demonstrates that diabetic patients are more vulnerable to certain mtDNA variants, directly linked to increased hyperglycemia. Elevated free radical-mediated oxidative stress likely affects these mtDNA variants.

Comparative evaluation and co-relation in variation of curve of Spee and curve of Wilson in Class II div. 1, Class II div. 2, and Class III as against Class I malocclusion in central India population- an in vitro study

Introduction Getting acceptable cosmetic results in the soft tissues of the face serves as the foundation for orthodontic treatment planning. Also, in order to achieve healthy static and dynamic occlusal interactions, the teeth must be positioned within the basal bone at the correct position, angle, and inclination. To avoid periodontal issues, provide stability, and achieve a functional occlusion, it is essential to ascertain the individual’s dental arch form before starting of treatment and thus to utilise the mechanics that follow throughout the treatment. Objectives To evaluate and compare variation in Curve of Spee and Curve of Wilson in Class II Div.-1, Class II-Div-2 and Class-III as against Class I malocclusion in central India population. Methodology Irreversible hydrocolloid impression will be taken with perforated metal stock trays and stone cast will be poured. This will be scanned using CAD CAM machine and curve of Spee and Wilson will be measured using reverse engineering. Expected Result It will assist us in treatment planning for preventing periodontal issues, assuring stability, and achieving functional occlusion by evaluating and comparing the Spee and Wilson curves in Class II Divison-1, Class II Divison-2, and Class-III malocclusion with Class-I malocclusion. Conclusion Every single patient receiving orthodontic treatment has the COS, which is crucial to achieving a stable occlusion. Almost every patient who receives orthodontic treatment eventually experiences the Spee Curve. Since there aren’t many studies examining the relationship between the Curves of Spee and Wilson, their impact on dentoskeletal morphology, and their role in occlusal stability.

Awareness of Orthodontists Toward Management of Orthodontic Patients Suffering with Diabetes Mellitus in Central India Population: A Cross-Sectional Survey.

To evaluate orthodontists' awareness and knowledge about management of orthodontic patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) and determine if the treatment approach is according to the international guidelines. This cross-sectional survey was conducted in Central India from January 2023to December 2023 and included 60 orthodontists from different dental clinics in private practice. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire, with questions about the orthodontic management of patients with DM. Data analysis was performed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences statistical software, version 22. Significant variation is seen while evaluating the HB1Ac, maintaining oral hygiene, and consideration for optimal control of periodontitis in DM. Controlled DM is not a contraindication for orthodontic treatment. During orthodontic treatment, special consideration is obligatory concerning periodontal problems and proper oral hygiene to prevent the progression of periodontal breakdown.

Comparative evaluation and co-relation in variation of curve of Spee and curve of Wilson in Class II div. 1, Class II div. 2, and Class III as against Class I malocclusion in central India population- an in vitro study.

Getting acceptable cosmetic results in the soft tissues of the face serves as the foundation for orthodontic treatment planning. Also, in order to achieve healthy static and dynamic occlusal interactions, the teeth must be positioned within the basal bone at the correct position, angle, and inclination. To avoid periodontal issues, provide stability, and achieve a functional occlusion, it is essential to ascertain the individual's dental arch form before starting of treatment and thus to utilise the mechanics that follow throughout the treatment. To evaluate and compare variation in Curve of Spee and Curve of Wilson in Class II Div.-1, Class II-Div-2 and Class-III as against Class I malocclusion in central India population. Irreversible hydrocolloid impression will be taken with perforated metal stock trays and stone cast will be poured. This will be scanned using CAD CAM machine and curve of Spee and Wilson will be measured using reverse engineering. It will assist us in treatment planning for preventing periodontal issues, assuring stability, and achieving functional occlusion by evaluating and comparing the Spee and Wilson curves in Class II Divison-1, Class II Divison-2, and Class-III malocclusion with Class-I malocclusion. Every single patient receiving orthodontic treatment has the COS, which is crucial to achieving a stable occlusion. Almost every patient who receives orthodontic treatment eventually experiences the Spee Curve. Since there aren't many studies examining the relationship between the Curves of Spee and Wilson, their impact on dentoskeletal morphology, and their role in occlusal stability.

EVALUATION OF VISUAL OUTCOME AND CLINICAL RESPONSE OF INTRAVITREAL ANTI VEGF AGENTS IN VARIOUS INDICATIONS

Objectives: The aim of the study was to evaluate efficacy of ranibizumab and aflibercept in Choroidal neovascular membrane (CNVM) and chronic macular edema secondary to diabetes mellitus and retinal vein occlusion in the Central India population. Methods: The present study was a prospective and observational study conducted among patients attending the outpatient department, and retina clinic were grouped as per various indications of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) treatment. Patients were then followed up on day 7, 1-month interval during which visual acuity assessment, fundus examination, and optic coherence tomography was done to measure central retinal thickness which was compared with baseline data. Results: Two different anti-VEGF agents were used among study participants. Out of 43 study participants, ranibizumab was given in 32 (74.4%) of which seven patients had age-related macular degeneration (ARMD), four had myopic CNVM, 14 had diabetic retinopathy (DR), and seven had macular edema – secondary to retinal vein occlusion. Aflibercept was given in 11 (25.6%) of the study participants, of which six had DR, four had CNVM-Myopia, and one patient had macular edema – secondary to retinal vein occlusion. Conclusion: In our study, both anti-VEGF agents showed significant reduction in central macular thickness (CMT) after every injection. Our study suggests that Aflibercept is more effective in reducing CMT.

Association of single nucleotide polymorphism miRNA-146a (rs2910164) with increased predisposition to oral squamous cell carcinoma in central India population.

miRNAs play a crucial role in the genesis of cancer, either as tumor suppressor genes or as oncogenes. Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) in the seed region of microRNAs (miRNAs) can dysregulate their levels in the tissues and thereby affect carcinogenesis. The association of SNP in miR-146a (rs2910164) with the risk of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) has not been understood. In the present study, we have determined the association and functional significance of miR-146a (rs2910164) SNP with susceptibility to OSCC predisposition. In the present case-control study, we enrolled 430 subjects from central India (215 OSCC cases and 215 healthy controls). We performed genotyping by Kompetitive Allele Specific PCR (KASP), and their correlation with OSCC susceptibility was analyzed. miRNA expression profiling in tumor tissues and adjacent normal tissues from six OSCC patients was done by a NanoString n-Counter-based assay. Subsequently, gene ontology and pathway analysis were performed with FunRich version 3.13. The CC genotype of rs2910164 miR-146a was significantly associated with the increased risk for OSCC (CC vs GC, OR = 2.62; 95% CI: 1.48-4.66; p value = 0.001). However, the GC genotype was protective with GC vs CC (OR = 0.38, 95%CI =0.21-0.67, p-value = 0.001), and GC vs GG (OR = 0.58, 95%CI = 0.37-0.89, p-value = 0.01). Our finding suggests that SNP rs2910164 of miR-146a may be a genetic risk factor for OSCC susceptibility in the Central India population. However, more extensive multicenter studies are required to validate these findings.

Unveiling Hidden Canals: Middle Mesial Canal Prevalence in Mandibular First Molars Using Cone-Beam Computed Tomography Analysis in Central India.

Background The most frequent reason involving failure of root canal treatment in molar teeth is the inability to locate additional canals. While much research has been conducted on the morphology of mandibular molars, little is known about isthmuses and middle mesial (MM) canals in the Indian population. The primary aim of the present research was to determine the prevalence of MM canals and isthmusesof mandibular first molars in the Central India population using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images. Methodology CBCT of 140 mandibular first molar teeth was analyzed from the institutional database images in the coronal, sagittal, and axial planes. Data concerning the number of root canals, the presence of middle mesial canals, and the presence of isthmus were noted. Information collected was transferred into an Excel sheet and analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA). Results Eight images (5.71%) revealed the presence of middle mesial canals with no statistically significant occurrence. The incidence of isthmi in the mandibular first molar was 84.3%, and the presence of isthmi in the coronal third was about 38.6%. This showed a considerable presence. Conclusion There is incidence of the middle mesial canal, which emphasizes the need to locate extra canals in patients undergoing root canal endodontic treatment. The implementation of CBCT will help identify the extra canal before the treatment. This will help ultimately in providing better patient care.

Comparative analysis for variation of skeletal and dental parameters in bilateral cleft palate in central India population – A Nemoceph study

Introduction: An area of dentistry called orthodontics focuses on repositioning crooked teeth and regulating facial development. Orthodontists and oral surgeons use cephalometric analysis as a planning tool for their patient care. Conventional film-based radiography equipment has been replaced with direct digital devices, which have advantages such as reduced patient radiation exposure, immediate radiographic image generation, the removal of the need for darkrooms, and simple image sharing. The second-most typical craniofacial abnormality that results in birth abnormalities is cleft lip and palate. Such patients frequently do not receive cephalometric testing because of their hypoplastic growth and limited development. Research is needed to help plan a standard treatment regimen, perform orthognathic operations, and use a low-radiation analysis technique. Objectives: To evaluate skeletal and dental parameters for cleft lip and palate using Down analysis, Steiner's analysis, and Tweed's analysis using Nemoceph. Methods: Around 50 cases from cleft lip and palate and non-cleft lip and palate will be selected from the orthodontics department of Sharad Pawar Dental College and Hospital. Steiner's, Down's, and Tweed's analyses will be evaluated using Nemoceph. Further analysis will be conducted using the observational data from the readings. There will be millimetre-based measurements made. Comparative analysis will be done with one-way ANOVA and post hoc statistics and regression analysis will be done for association of demographic variables. Expected outcomes: This study will use the nasion as a stable landmark to evaluate point A in cleft lip and palate patients, making it easier to perform normal cephalometric analysis. This will enable the evaluation of the probable position of point A for performing cephalometric analysis in orthodontics.

Role of PPH clamp as a first aid in management of PPH in central India population

PPH is most significant and common cause of maternal morbidity and mortality in developing and developed countries both due to uncontrolled bleeding. It is responsible for 30% of maternal death. Around, two-thirds of the obstetric morbidity is related to haemorrhage. From many studies, found that PPH 50 times increases the risk of the morbidity and 5 times higher morbidity than mortality.: This is a prospective cohort study, which is done in the Department of Obstetrics &amp; Gynaecology of MGM Medical College and M.Y. Hospital, Indore over a period of one year in 60 patients.All the patients who developed PPH with failed medical management and give proper consent for application of clamp included. Patients with cervical cancer and patients who do not give consent are excluded.: All the data analysis was performed using IBM SPSS ver. 20 software. Frequency tables and cross tabulation is used to prepare the tables. Categorical data was expressed as number and percentages whereas quantitative data was expressed as mean and standard deviation. Categorical data was compared using chi square test whereas means were compared using one-way Anova. Microsoft word and excel used to generate graph, table etc. P value of less than 0.05 was considered as significant. In our study, more than half (56.7%) clamping were successful. In this study, more than half (56.7%) clamping were successful. Patients with lower parity had more chances of successful clamp as compared with those with higher parity. Blood loss was significantly less in those with successful clamp (1127.94) as compared to without successful clamp (1384.62) as revealed by the highly significant p value of &amp;#60;0.001.In the present study, we evaluated requirement of further surgical procedure and clamp success rate and results showed that majority of the patients who had successful clamp does not require further surgical procedure to undergo as compared to those without successful clamp. Blood loss was significantly less in those with successful clamp as compared to without successful clamp.

Comparative evaluation and co-relation in variation of curve of Spee and curve of Wilson in Class II div. 1, Class II div. 2, and Class III as against Class I malocclusion in central India population- an in vitro study

Introduction- Getting acceptable cosmetic results in the soft tissues of the face serves as the foundation for orthodontic treatment planning. Also, in order to achieve healthy static and dynamic occlusal interactions, the teeth must be positioned within the basal bone at the correct position, angle, and inclination. To avoid periodontal issues, provide stability, and achieve a functional occlusion, it is essential to ascertain the individual's dental arch form before starting of treatment and thus to utilise the mechanics that follow throughout the treatment. Objectives- To evaluate and compare variation in Curve of Spee and Curve of Wilson in Class II Div.-1, Class II-Div-2 and Class-III as against Class I malocclusion in central India population. Methodology- Irreversible hydrocolloid impression will be taken with perforated metal stock trays and stone cast will be poured. This will be scanned using CAD CAM machine and curve of Spee and Wilson will be measured using reverse engineering. Expected Result- It will assist us in treatment planning for preventing periodontal issues, assuring stability, and achieving functional occlusion by evaluating and comparing the Spee and Wilson curves in Class II Divison-1, Class II Divison-2, and Class-III malocclusion with Class-I malocclusion. Conclusion- Every single patient receiving orthodontic treatment has the COS, which is crucial to achieving a stable occlusion. Almost every patient who receives orthodontic treatment eventually experiences the Spee Curve. Since there aren't many studies examining the relationship between the Curves of Spee and Wilson, their impact on dentoskeletal morphology, and their role in occlusal stability.

EVALUATION OF SARS COVID -19 ANTIBODY STATUS OF INDIVIDUALS IN POST COVID OUT PATIENT DEPARTMENT OF TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL OF CENTRAL INDIA

Introduction: COVID-19 is caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus and it was rst identied after an outbreak of Pneumonia in Wuhan, China in December 2019. SARS-CoV-2 is an enveloped, positive-strand RNA virus. Several risk factors are associated with the complications of COVID-19. The Immune system produces IgM, IgG, and Neutralizing antibodies which can block the virus from entering cells. Long term humoral response post COVID-19 infection is still not clearly known. Studies related to complete course of IgG antibody in COVID-19 infection are very sparse. The present study was therefore conducted to evaluate SARS COVID-2 COVID-19 antibody status of individuals in post COVID-19 OPD in Central India's population at our tertiary care hospital. Material and methods: A prospective study was conducted in the Department of Microbiology of a tertiary health care centre for a period of one year from January 2021 to December 2022. The cases included in the study were individuals attending post COVID OPD and giving written informed consent for COVID-19 Antibody Test (IgG). Cases were studied in relation to their age, sex, relevant clinical history, relevant clinical comorbidities, status of COVID report with date. Blood samples from the study subjects were tested for the presence of IgG antibody. Results: IgG antibody is positive in maximum cases in 0-6 months, followed by 7-12 months, then in 13-18 months and then in 19-24 months. IgG antibody was not detected in cases where the time duration between positive COVID-19 test and IgG test was more than 18 months. Conclusion: Our study could be a very important footstep towards understanding the long term humoral response in COVID-19 infection

The Perceptions of Dental Professionals and Laypeople to Facial Aesthetics and Mal-Occlusion in Central India Population.

Dental professionals play an important role in an individual's appearance which can affect the perception of others that can vary greatly depending on their educational and socioeconomic background. The purpose of this study was to determine an insight of recognizing ability of dental professionals and laypersons toward facial aesthetics with different types of orthodontic malocclusion. A questionnaire-based study was conducted on 90 dental professionals and 90 laypersons. The perceptions differences between groups were assessed using visual analogue scale on 11 photographs. Kolmolgorov-Smirnov was used for normality test. The perceptions of facial aesthetics showing various malocclusions were significantly different between dental professionals and laypersons. The dental professionals and layperson perceptions regarding the facial particularly in central Indian population are significantly different for most of the malocclusion types.

Comparative analysis and co-relation of antero-posterior jaw dysplasia indicators in angle’s Class I molar relation and normal overjet subjects of Central India – A pilot study

To assess and compare anteroposterior jaw dysplasia indicators i.e. (Wits-appraisal, ANB-angle, β(Beta)-angle, W-angle, YEN-angle and π(Pi)-angle) in Angle's Class I molar relation subjects with normal overjet of central India.Sum of 40 lateral cephalograms were traced in line with the inclusion criteria of Angle’s Class I molar relation subjects. Subjects had to be between the ages of 18 and 30 and have a normal overjet and aligned arches. We measured and compared the Wits-appraisal, ANB-angle, (Beta)-angle, W-angle, YEN-angle and Pi-angle. The statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) 20.0 version was used to examine the data. We used descriptive statistics. The Spearman's correlation coefficient was used to evaluate the correlation between the variables. Statistics were judged as significant at a p-value of 0.05. 95% of the confidence interval was chosen. The result showed descriptive statistical representation for the norms of Wits-appraisal, ANB-angle, Beta-angle, Yen-angle, W-angle, and Pi-angle for the Central India population. We found a high correlation of ANB-angle with YEN-angle, ANB-angle and Pi linear, ANB-angle and W-angle, Beta-angle and W-angle, YEN-angle and W-angle and Pi-angle and Pi linear. Among the angles used for the comparative evaluation for the prediction of anteroposterior jaw dysplasia, W-angle and YEN-angle had the utmost accuracy, whereas Beta-angle had the least. Therefore, YEN-angle and W-angle are reliable in our practice in the prediction of anteroposterior jaw dysplasia in the Central India population.

To Study the Correlation between Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology, Smear and Culture in Tubercular Cervical Lymphadenitis in Central India Population

To Study the Correlation between Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology, Smear and Culture in Tubercular Cervical Lymphadenitis in Central India Population

Genotype Study of Filaggrin Gene Loss-of-Function Mutations in Central India Population with Atopic Dermatitis and Ichthyosis Vulgaris.

A genotype study of filaggrin gene loss-of-function mutations in central India can provide valuable insights into the prevalence and association of these mutations with atopic dermatitis (AD) and ichthyosis vulgaris (IV) in the region. The FLG R501X and 2282del4 are both genetic variants in the human gene called filaggrin gene (FLG), which encodes a protein that plays an important role in the formation and maintenance of the skin barrier. In this study, we determined the FLG R501X and 2282del4 variants association with both AD and IV in Central Indian populations. This case-control study was conducted in the Departments of Dermatology and Molecular and Virology Research and Diagnostic Laboratory at Sri Aurobindo Medical College and Post Graduate Institute, Indore (Madhya Pradesh). The study was approved by the Clinical Research and Ethics Committee. A total of 180 patients aged between 3 months - 60 years who attended the skin outpatient department between March-2021 to June-2022 were recruited in this study. Among them, 60 patients were in AD-group, 60 patients in IV-group, and 60 patients were in the healthy control group. Polymerase chain reaction followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) was used in genotyping for FLG mutations (R501X and 2282del4). The most common FLG mutations were R501X (31.6% and 23.3%) and 2282del4 (18.3% and 13.3%) in AD and IV patients with heterozygous (AT) genotype, respectively. The combined mutation (FLG R501X and 2282del4) association was 10% and 5% in the AD and IV groups with heterozygous (AT) genotype, respectively, and in all the patients of control group with wild genotype (AA). There were no significant (P = 0.09) associations found with 2282del14 genotype. The R501X mutation in the gene encoding filaggrin is one of the robust genetic associations of AD and IV. The 2282del4 polymorphism was marginally less as compared to R501X.

A soft tissue analysis for central India population

Based on surgical-orthodontic treatment planning and prediction system Tony G. McCollum(TOMAC), the present study aims to determine surgical norms for Central India population and to evaluate the variation between Central India males and females. Digital lateral cephalograms of hundred subjects (50 males and 50 females) of 15- 25 years of age were obtained. These radiographs were manually traced by single operator based on the parameterstaken from TOMAC soft tissue analysis. The data obtained was statistically analyzed using Mann-Whitney U test and One-sample Wilcoxon Signed Rank test. Statistically significant difference were observed between the Central India population and Caucasian population and also significant sexual dimorphism was noted among the population of Central India. There exist racial diversity between Central India population and the Caucasian population.Therefore, it becomes necessary to have separate norms for different ethnic groups and choose the norms carefully suited to the treatment needs of individual population.

A study of distance between posterior inferior iliac spine and ischial spine of the dry adult human hip bone for sex determination in central India population

Sex identification of human skeletal has great anthropological and medico legal significance. The hip bone is very useful and ideal for sex determination. It is the most trusted bone for sex determination because of its pattern of sexual dimorphism very common in human race. Present study parameters will be used for identification of sex. In present study significant difference will be observed in the distance between posterior inferior iliac spine and ischial spine which will be useful in anatomical, anthropological, archaeological and forensic studies. They always are want a reliable estimation of the sex of unknown individuals represented by only a few bones or when several bones are missing or are broken due to the effect of environmental conditions. There is the ability to determine sex from the unknown skeletal it is very important methods to do this. The various bones of the skeletal will able to tell sex of that human skeleton. From all bony structure pelvis is best indicator of sex. The Sexual dimorphism of hip bone showing it special feature in female due to child bearing property and this can be calculated by the coxal index and total pelvic height.

Evaluation of the Relationship of Various Patterns of Quid Usage in Patients with Oral Submucous Fibrosis and Leukoplakia in Central India Population: A Cross Sectional Study

Background: Oral habits can cause severe oral potentially malignant disorders. There is a need to deeply analyse the role of betel nut in the causation of these disorders. Patients must be educated in order to prevent them from grabbing these conditions as inspection leads to prevention.&#x0D; Aim: The aim of our study was to study and analyse the different patterns of quid usage among the participants with oral submucous fibrosis and leukoplakia in Central India population.&#x0D; Patients and Methods: The study was performed on 90 patients amongst which 45 patients were clinically diagnosed of oral submucous fibrosis &amp; the other 45 patients were diagnosed of leukoplakia. The cases were then subjected to a detailed questionnaire which aimed to extract information regarding the various types of quid usage habits, their frequency and duration. The data was recorded and statistical analysis was done.&#x0D; Results: The study included 90 subjects – 86 males &amp; 4 females. Out of 6 types of quid habits it is found that type IV (processed areca nut), Type VI (combined quid usage) quid caused OSMF stage II, Stage III &amp; homogenous leukoplakia respectively. There is a strong association between duration and frequency of habit in causation of OSMF &amp; leukoplakia.&#x0D; Conclusion: The present study showed increased prevalence of OSMF &amp; leukoplakia with type IV &amp; VI quid usage among the population of Central India.

Correlation of the Iris Diameter with the Mesiodistal Width of Maxillary Central Incisor using Digital Image Analyzer

Aim: The purpose of this clinical study was to determine the correlation between the horizontal visible iris diameters with the mesiodistal width of the central incisor respectively in the Central India population aged between 18 and 26 years. Background: Can the Iris Diameter be correlated with the mesiodistal width of maxillary central incisor. If thus results obtained, the iris diameter can be used as a tool for the selection of maxillary anterior tooth in completely edentulous patients. Materials and Methods: Seventy Five Central Indian participants aged between 18 and 26 years participated in this study. Standardized digital photographs of the face generated from the frontal aspect were made using a digital camera. The measurements of the iris diameter and the mesiodistal width of the maxillary central incisor at the incisal edge, middle third, and cervical third were assessed with photoimaging software. The data obtained have undergone the statistical analysis by using the paired-sample t-test to compare the right and left sides, and independent-sample t-tests to compare between gender, and the Pearson correlation coefficient (r) to evaluate the relationship between variables. Results: A positive correlation between the horizontal visible iris diameter and the mesiodistal width of the maxillary central incisor was found in men and women. In men, the r = 0.276, 0.373, 0.378 (right side) and 282, 158, 429 (left side) respectively were found for cervical third, middle third, and incisal third region. In women, the r = 0.329, 0.415, 0.192 (right side) and 0.053, 0.469, 0.163 (left side) were found respectively in cervical third, middle third, and incisal region were found. Conclusions: The conclusion was that the horizontal visible iris diameter can be used as a reference point to estimate the mesiodistal width of the maxillary central incisor tooth.

ANTHROPOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF THE HIP JOINT IN CENTRAL INDIA POPULATION USING COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY

Background: The presently available hip prosthesis used in hip arthroplasty are designed based on the anthropometry of Western patients. These prosthesis do not replicate the exact anatomy of Indian patients, leading to postoperative complications and requiring revision surgery for correction. If the manufacturers keep in considering the anthropometric parameters of Indians while designing the prosthesis, this may lead to better clinical and functional outcome and higher patient satisfaction. So the present study was undertaken to understand the anthropometric variables of hip joint of Central Indian population and to compare these variables with the other Indian Ethnic groups and western population using computed tomographic images. Materials And Methods: We had included 200 patients and both the left and right side hip joints were analysed. The anthropometric variables included were Neck-Shaft Angle (NSA), Head Diameter (HD), Neck Width (NW), Acetabular Angle of sharp(AA), Horizontal Offset (HO), Vertical Offset (VO), Medullary Canal Diameter at the level of Lesser Trochanter (MDLT), and Acetabular Version (AV) were measured in all these individuals. Comparison of these parameters was done between the left and right side and among the males and females and compared with various populations and statistically analyzed Result: The mean values were NSA 132.53°, NW 25.11 mm, HD 43.94 mm, AA of sharp 43.11°, HO 43.76 mm, VO 56.37 mm, MDLT 23.00 mm, and AV 19.47°. We found a large variations in these parameters among the Indian ethnic groups and western population. Significant differences were seen between the males and females. Conclusion: This study indicates that there are significant differences in anthropometric parameters of proximal femur among the Central India population compared with Western population. Even within the Indian population, the anthropometric parameters vary from region to region.