Central Government Research Articles

Prefectural System Practices in The Indonesian Local Government

This research aims to analyze the implementation of the prefectural system in Indonesia, examining its historical development, current application, and future trajectory in regional governance. This study employs a qualitative research design, utilizing a case study approach across several provinces in Indonesia. Data collection involved in-depth interviews, document analysis, and field observations to capture the nuances of the prefectural system's operation within different regional contexts. The prefectural system in Indonesia originated with the enactment of regional government laws and became more prominent after the New Order. It involves dividing the national territory into smaller administrative regions, with governors representing the central government, and features both deconcentration and decentralization. While previous studies have focused on decentralization and autonomy, this research highlights how these processes reinforce the prefectural system. This study provides fresh insights into the prefectural system's evolving role in Indonesia's decentralized governance. Unlike earlier works, it examines how the system balances central and local powers, anticipating its growing importance as Indonesia refines its decentralization policies.

Evaluating the Impact of Fair Price Shops on Food Security: A Comprehensive Study within the Aspirational District Programme in Hazaribagh, Jharkhand

Abstract The Aspirational District Programme, initiated by Prime Minister Narendra Modi in January 2018, aims to promote equitable development across 115 identified districts in India, including 19 in Jharkhand, with Hazaribagh situated in the North Chotanagpur division. This program operates under 49 indicators spread across five key sectors: Health and Nutrition, Education, Agriculture and Water Resources, Financial Inclusion and Skill Development, and Basic Infrastructure. A critical aspect of this initiative is the Health and Nutrition sector, which emphasizes the provision of nutritious food to ensure that no one faces hunger. Food security is vital in assessing whether individuals have consistent access to food, particularly through the Public Distribution System (PDS). This system includes numerous Fair Price Shops, or ration shops, tasked with delivering essential goods to individuals categorized as Below Poverty Line (BPL), Priority House Holds (PHH), and those under the Antyodaya Anna Yojana (AAY) in Jharkhand, aimed at supporting the most impoverished families with subsidized rates set by the central government. My research focuses on several Fair Price Shops in Hazaribagh district, employing survey methods to gather primary data. The objective is to gain insights into the actual conditions of these ration shops and to evaluate the extent of benefits received by the local population.

PENERAPAN ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE SERIAL VIDEO ANIMASI SUKACANTING DAN PELATIHAN KEMAMPUAN KOMUNIKASI

One of the national health problems that requires special attention and handling from various parties, namely from the central government, regional governments, and the family level, is stunting. Sukamulya Village is one of the villages in Rancaekek District, Bandung, West Java, located in the Citarum River watershed (DAS), which runs a stunting prevention program with three hamlets in it. Currently, one of the targets of stunting education is teenagers. The problem faced when targeting teenagers as targets for education and agents of change, especially in Sukamulya Village, is that the material on stunting has not been packaged with the approach style of teenagers who enjoy technology-based information. In addition, teenagers consider this unimportant because the education provided is too dull and delivered by people they feel are too old (the same age as their parents). So, a training activity was carried out to make an animated video series based on artificial intelligence (AI) called Sukacanting, a method of stunting education and public speaking training to improve public speaking skills in providing stunting prevention education. With the training and creation of AI-based animated videos, several Posyandu cadre youth have improved their skills in creating, managing, and developing health education videos and public speaking skills.

Research on Emotion about Media Memory of Wenxi Fire in Central Daily News

The author conducted a comprehensive study on the emotions reflected in The Central Daily News coverage of the Wenxi Fire, utilizing the digital analysis tool ROST CM6 in combination with historical research. The media memory of the Wenxi Fire in The Central Daily News reflects the emotional response and guidance of the National Government towards this disastrous event. The newspaper's spirited stance on the War of Resistance against Japan invigorated the public’s morale. Through selective reporting and, at times, the outright omission of facts, the newspaper initially mitigated the public’s criticism towards the central and Hunan provincial governments during the first phase, when the cause of the fire was still under investigation. In the second phase, after the cause was determined, the newspaper successfully shifted the blame for this governmental failure to the Japanese invaders, the Hunan provincial government, and the “righteously indignant” public. Through a series of carefully orchestrated actions, the newspaper managed to quell public anger, boost morale, and foster a stronger sense of national unity under the National Government, ultimately enhancing its image.

Rectifying local governments’ strategic environmental enforcement: Can refined air pollution monitoring enhance local air quality in China?

Insufficient local environmental enforcement has become a pivotal economic and political concern in China. In 2017, the Chinese central government introduced the Air Pollution Hot-Spot Grid (APHG) monitoring program. However, little is known about the consequences. This study investigates in detail how this monitoring program affects city-level air pollution by applying the difference-in-differences method. This program was responsible for a notable decrease in air pollution at the city level. This decrease was mostly the result of stronger local environmental governance, advances in green innovation, and an upgraded industrial structure. Additionally, an examination of heterogeneous treatment effects across different cities revealed that the most substantial effects were observed in large, non-resource-based, and eastern cities. Additional analysis reveals the presence of a spillover effect, whereby the adoption of this program in one city helps reduce air pollution in nearby cities. These results highlight the significance of refined air pollution monitoring for addressing imperfect local environmental enforcement.

Analysis of policy changes for Yangtze River Basin governance from 1980 to 2022—based on semantic analysis method and punctuated equilibrium theory

The governance policies have a prominent impact on the development and regional planning of the Yangtze River Basin, a key region for China to achieve modernization. Taking the public policy documents issued by China’s central government for the Yangtze River Basin from 1980 to 2022 as the research object, this paper introduces the NLP (Natural Language Processing) technology and semantic analysis methods to carry out quantitative research on policies. This study first examines the textual connotations of the policies and the characteristics of the policy changes based on the LDA (Latent Dirichlet Allocation) model to determine how policy changes occur for the governance of the Yangtze River Basin. Using the punctuated equilibrium theory, it then conducts two case studies in which the implications of specific major events are analyzed in depth. Research has shown that the changes in governance policies for the Yangtze River Basin are characterized by gradual changes and intermittent mutation, roughly divided into three stages: the stage of reform and development, the stage of transition, and the stage of prioritizing ecological conservation and green development. Moreover, such changes jointly result from three factors: the major events, the focus of public opinions, and the care of the central government.

Evaluate the Effectiveness of the Agricultural Machinery Purchase Subsidy Policy for Poverty Alleviation in Guizhou, China

Southwest China's weak economic development has been the focus of China's rural revitalization strategy; exploring the impact of implementing an agricultural machinery purchase subsidy policy can impetus the economic development of Southwest China. Since its introduction in 2004, the policy of subsidizing the purchase of agricultural machinery has been mainly used to support the purchase of advanced and applicable agricultural machinery. The implementation of this policy has promoted China's socioeconomic development and, until now, has been an indispensable supportive policy in the rural revitalization strategy. As the province with the most poverty-reducing people in the country, Guizhou's achievements cannot be attributed to the conscientious implementation of the central government's decisions and deployments. However, Guizhou's practice of subsidizing the purchase of agricultural machinery also requires improvement. The Smith Model is the theoretical framework for this research. This paper lists the problem Guizhou's agricultural machinery purchase subsidy policy needs to fix with stakeholder analysis. It then uses the Smith Model to look into the reasons for the "irrational agricultural machinery structure" gap in Guizhou's application of the agricultural machinery purchase subsidy policy and makes suggestions for how to make things better. This study's main contribution is to enrich existing literature by analyzing Guizhou's policy implication in addressing the problem of insufficient production of agricultural machinery and providing a direction for the future implementation of Guizhou's agricultural machinery purchase subsidy policy.

Regulatory and legal regulation of the process of formation of administrative authorities and management in Subcarpathian Rus (Transcarpathia) in 1919–1926

It is indicated that the proper functioning of local executive power, the creation of an optimal system of local executive power bodies should ensure effective influence on the development of each region, especially the cross-border region. It is generally accepted that local bodies of executive power implement the functions of the state, which are close to the population. In Ukraine, a new people-centered model of activity of public administration subjects is being formed. The article examines the process of formation of administrative authorities and management in Subcarpathian Rus (Transcarpathia) during the first half of the 20s of the 20th century. It was established that the process of forming the structure of state administration in Subcarpathia began already at the beginning of 1919, and in the summer of the same year, several projects of the organization of government in the region were already developed in Prague. On the basis of the General Statute, the model of relations within the local government between the Directory, the administrator and the military leadership during 1919-1920 was analyzed. The formation of abstract departments at the Civil Administration, which was headed by an administrator, is briefly described. The importance of the changes introduced by the government decree No. 356/1920 «On amending the General Statute of Subcarpathian Rus» was revealed, according to which the functions and powers were radically redistributed in favor of the bodies that represented the central government in the region. The theory of the creation of two branches of administrative management in relation to the competence of the Civil Administration of Subcarpathian Rus is presented: autonomous institutions and institutions of the state. The description of the gubernatorial council as an advisory body under the governor is provided. It was noted that the new General Statute, in terms of the norms governing the activities of the vice-governor and the gubernatorial council, went beyond the Constitution of the Czechoslovak Republic. It is proved that the administrative reorganization in Czechoslovakia in 1925 and especially in 1927 only distanced Subcarpathian Rus from real autonomy, since the process of further centralization and unification of power and administration took place throughout the territory of the republic. Appropriate conclusions have been drawn regarding the retention and gradual incorporation (integration) of the region into the all-Czechoslovak legal system.

Implementasi Kurikulum Merdeka di Lombok NTB: Peluang, Tantangan dan Strategi

Curriculum changes are an integral part of efforts to improve the quality of education. The "Kurikulum Merdeka" (Independent Curriculum) is the latest innovation implemented by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology (Kemendikbudristek). This curriculum is designed to provide deeper learning experiences and focuses on strengthening students' competencies and character development. This study aims to analyze the implementation of the Kurikulum Merdeka, identify opportunities and challenges, and outline strategic steps to leverage opportunities and overcome challenges in implementing the Kurikulum Merdeka at Elementary School (SDN) 1 Sandik and Elementary School (SDN) 1 Meninting. This research employes a descriptive qualitative approach, using a case study methodology. Data collection procedures include interviews, observations, and documentation. The data analysis technique utilized was qualitative analysis. The results of this study indicate that: 1) the implementation of the Kurikulum Merdeka in both schools began with understanding government regulations, followed by preparing documents such as the Operational Curriculum of Educational Units, creating teaching modules, project modules, and assessments. 2) The opportunities available to both schools include policies from the central and local governments regarding funding for the Kurikulum Merdeka, and support from school principals, teachers, and parents to back various programs. However, challenges arise from human resources (educator competencies). 3) The strategic steps taken by both schools to leverage opportunities and address challenges include maximizing the school's learning community to discuss the Kurikulum Merdeka, organizing workshops, participating in webinars, and undergoing independent training via the "Platform Merdeka Mengajar" application.

JUSTICE AND SUBJECTIVITY IN MEASURE FOR MEASURE: BRIEF REFLECTIONS ON LAW AND LITERATURE

This article explores the complexities of justice, power, and subjectivity in Shakespeare’s work, focusing on Measure for Measure. The analysis connects Shakespearean themes to emerging philosophical and legal traditions in early modernity, particularly tensions over authority and social order. The play is intertwined with the views of Hobbes, Machiavelli, and Sir Edward Coke, who debate the role of law and central authority. Seventeenth-century England, in transition from feudalism to absolutism, provides the backdrop for this reflection. Hobbes, in Leviathan, advocated a strong central government, while Coke argued for the primacy of the Common Law and judicial control over Parliament. This judicial contention is reflected in the moral and legal conflict of Measure for Measure, where the intersections between law and subjectivity emerge vividly. Shakespeare, although not presenting a partisan position, articulates dilemmas that echo modern concerns about the use of force and the flexibility of the law, opening up room for interpretations about the role of judges and the manipulation of laws in favor of private interests. These debates are deepened by Shakespeare's reading of themes such as honor, virtue, and the tension between freedom and order, linking the work to an ongoing dialogue between literature, law, and politics.

Governmental strategies for municipal amalgamations: evidence from 24 European countries

ABSTRACT For several decades, European governments have pursued amalgamations of local governments, mainly to improve municipal service provision, efficiency and governing capacities. Some reforms resulted in comprehensive territorial restructuring; others had little impact. This study investigates the strategies and policy tools European governments implemented to achieve municipal amalgamations. I propose a new three-fold typology of reform strategies and analyse the policy instruments used in each strategy throughout the reform periods, using comparative evidence on 29 amalgamation reforms implemented by central and regional European governments since 2000. I assess the outcomes of each strategy and discuss the findings’ implications for multi-level reform governance.

Analysis of Functional Positions and Professionalism of Civil Servants in Buton Utara Regency

Team member' professionalism is determined by their ability to carry out tasks according to their field and level. This study aims to analyze the appointment of functional positions in Buton Utara Regency in improving team member professionalism. Using a qualitative approach, data was obtained through in-depth interviews and documentation from functional officials and local community leaders. The analysis used reduction, presentation, and conclusion-drawing techniques. The study results indicate that appointing functional positions in Buton Utara is by central government procedures and can improve team members' professionalism. The ASN Law emphasizes the importance of competence as the foundation of the ASN profession. Appointment is carried out by recruiting civil servants or transfers from other positions. Efforts to improve professionalism involve education and training, with supporting factors such as work performance, skills, knowledge, and rank levels and inhibiting factors such as low competence and inappropriate attitudes.

Analysis of prescriptive monitoring regarding the current therapeutic landscape of rheumatoid arthritis: the experience of an Italian local health authority

ABSTRACT Introduction Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is among the most prevalent chronic inflammatory diseases affecting millions of people with a significant expenditure of resources by National Healthcare Systems. This study aimed to analyze all available treatments exclusively for RA to highlight the costs of each treatment type and raise awareness of the use of biosimilar drugs. Methods In an Italian healthcare authority, all prescriptions made for the diagnosis of RA were extracted to verify consumption expressed in Defined Daily Dose (DDD) and the expenditure incurred expressed in euros. Consequently, a grouping into three major drug categories has been performed: anti – tumor necrosis factor alpha agents (TNFα), other injectable formulations, and novel oral formulations. Results Prescriptions for the second half-year 2022 and 2023 have been analyzed, with a total cost of almost 7 million euros in the sample considered. All pharmaceutical categories showed an increase in consumption, but only anti- TNFα recorded a decrease in costs from 25% in 2022 to 22% in 2023, thanks to the lower cost of the biosimilar drug. Conclusion The costs of RA may represent a significant spending commitment for central governments. As a result, actions are needed to encourage the preferential use of biosimilar drugs.

The Phenomenon of Congregational Graduation of PKH Recipients After the Labelling Policy

This study delves into the repercussions of labelling policies on the targeted delivery of benefits in the Bener Meriah Regency, Aceh, specifically within the Program Keluarga Harapan (PKH) framework. Additionally, it aims to elucidate the factors influencing the voluntary exclusion of specific PKH recipients in Bener Meriah following the implementation of central government labelling policies. Employing a quantitative methodology, the researchers administered questionnaires to 76 respondents using snowball sampling and conducted a simple linear regression analysis using SPSS version 25. The findings of this analysis unveil a substantial correlation between labelling policies and the successful targeting of PKH implementation in Bener Meriah Regency, substantiated by a robust correlation coefficient of 0.954. Furthermore, the coefficient of determination, standing at 0.910, underscores that 91% of the variability can be ascribed to the influence of labelling policies. Despite these promising outcomes, the study accentuates challenges, particularly regarding the autonomous graduation of PKH recipients who have yet to transition into financially stable households. Given these insights, the researchers advocate for timely interventions by policymakers, facilitators, and social welfare workers involved in PKH. They propose the expedited attachment of follow-up labels or stickers to enhance monitoring and tracking. Moreover, the study recommends exercising discernment in granting independent graduation permissions and identifying potential PKH beneficiaries. These suggestions are poised to augment the precision and effectiveness of PKH targeting in Bener Meriah Regency, thereby amplifying the overall positive impact of the program on its intended recipients.

Progress and challenges in implementing the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction at sub-national levels: insights from Aceh, Indonesia

ABSTRACT Common gaps in the current reporting system regarding the progress of meeting the targets Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction (SFDRR) implementation in low- and middle-income countries include (1) systematic bias towards central governments’ interests and narratives; (2) reports suffer from lack of independent process committed to evidence-based reporting; (3) progress reports do not reflect adequate aggregation of progress from sub-national levels. This research focuses on assessing the progress of SFDRR implementation at sub-national levels in Aceh province, Indonesia – the place where Indian Ocean Tsunamis killed around 170,000 people on Boxing Day 2004. The authors combined key informant interviews and content analysis of policy documents to collect evidence of the progress in the four SFDRR priorities for action. Two case villages in Aceh demonstrated challenges and opportunities at local levels. Findings suggest gaps in SFDRR implementation include a lack of deliberation of risk assessment and knowledge dissemination, discontinuity of regional DRR forums, lack of incentives for mitigation and shared commitments, and responsibility. Progress at village levels is equally challenging due to the lack of funding allocation, discontinuity of village-level preparedness, and lack of adoption of sustainable recovery and community participation. In summary, since the progress of implementing DRR across four priority areas of the SFDRR in Aceh is not optimal, Aceh authorities (e.g. provincial and district secretariats), provincial and district Disaster Management (DM) Agencies, and other relevant DM actors need to comprehensively improve DRR across all four Priorities for Action of the framework in the province.

Peran PERAN DINAS SOSIAL KABUPATEN PANDEGLANG DALAM PEMBERDAYAAN MASYARAKAT MELALUI PKH (PROGRAM KELUARGA HARAPAN) DI KELURAHAN KADUMERAK TAHUN 2022

Overty is a phenomenon and social problem and it is continuously studied and concern to the central government and regional governments. This study aims to find out the activities of the Pandeglang Regency Social Service in community empowerment through PKH (Program Keluarga Harapan) and to find out what efforts have been made by the Pandeglang Regency Social Service through PKH (Program Keluarga Harapan) in Kadumerak Village in 2022. Research methods used is a qualitative descriptive research method. The source of data in this qualitative research is to dig up information directly from sources of information that are considered related to community empowerment through PKH (Program keluarga harapan) in Kadumerak Village in 2022. As for the informant in this study is the Head of Social Protection and Security, Head of Social Welfare Section, PKH Facilitator, and KPM PKH Participant. The results of this study indicate that the implementation of PKH and the role of the Pandeglang District Social Service through PKH (Family Hope Program) in Kadumerak Village in 2022 is in accordance with its objectives, namely to provide health services, education and improve social welfare to very poor groups of people. The Pandeglang district social service experienced several obstacles, including data that was out of sync between KPM PKH participants and the original situation on the ground, and the length of time for updating data made it difficult for the Pandeglang District Social Service to enter data on new PKH participant candidates. Then there is a lack of public understanding regarding the PKH program. The efforts of the Pandeglang Regency Social Service in empowering the community through PKH (Family Hope Program) in 2022 are to improve the quality of information center services regarding PKH complaints and socialization by taking an outreach approach with the community regarding PKH (Family Hope Program). Keywords: Role of Social Services, Community Empowerment, Family Hope Program.

Notice the comment? Chinese government responsiveness to public participation in the policymaking process

AbstractWe investigate government responsiveness in the notice and comment process, a prominent instrument of consultative authoritarianism through which policy is made in contemporary China. We conduct an extensive data collection effort, assembling draft policies, public comments, and government responses for more than one thousand instances of notice and comment policymaking over a 17‐year period. Our statistical analysis demonstrates both the promise and limitations of consultative authoritarianism in the context of the notice and comment process. Government responsiveness in salient policy areas and to lengthy and critical comments demonstrates that public scrutiny matters to policymakers. These patterns are consistent with the notion that autocrats seek to remain in power not only through repression but also by bolstering exchanges of information between state and society. Central government ministries, however, are relatively unresponsive, indicating that significant aspects of policymaking are not characterized by robust attention to public sentiment and information.

Pengaruh Realisasi Transfer Dana Desa terhadap Peningkatan Pertumbuhan Ekonomi 62 Kabupaten di Indonesia

The disparities in characteristics across regions in Indonesia can lead to unequal development. The central government directs development activities in the regions with a primary focus on villages and underdeveloped areas. The Village Fund, sourced from the state budget (APBN), is allocated to villages and can be used to finance various development activities, which are expected to be a solution to the development disparities in villages and underdeveloped areas. The objective of this research is to examine the impact of the realization of Village Fund Transfers on economic growth in 62 underdeveloped districts.

The Impact of Age-Based COVID-19 Pandemic Regulations on Older People in Turkey: A Capability Approach.

Older adults all around the world encountered numerous challenges during the COVID-19 pandemic. Some of these challenges were pertinent to biological factors, like the risk of infection, while others resulted from social factors, like ageism and government regulations. Employing a capability approach, this study examined how age-based pandemic regulations that were imposed in Turkey affected the freedom and social environment of older adults. We used Bachhi's What is the Problem Represented to Be? (WPR) approach to analyze the memorandums issued by the central government between March 11, 2020, and June 30, 2021. Our analysis revealed that the problem is represented in these memorandums as older people's increased vulnerability to health risks, which resulted in violations of their mobility and health capabilities, as well as (mis)recognition of diversity within the older population. These findings provide vital insight into how age-based pandemic regulations define the problem based exclusively on chronological age, thereby creating circumstances that compromise older people's capabilities beyond simply maintaining health. Thus, we recommend that policymakers pay closer attention to both the intended and unintended consequences of any proposed regulations, and account for individuals' capabilities rather than merely their functionings.

ЗАЛУЧЕННЯ ІНВЕСТОРІВ У ТЕРИТОРІАЛЬНОМУ МАРКЕТИНГУ

In the conditions of economic instability caused by the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic and military actions by the russian federation on our territory, local government authorities feel the impact of the "belt-tightening" strategy implemented by the central government. Faced with their own financial difficulties, the center reduces transfers, which were previously the main source of funds for supporting infrastructure and overall urban development. Therefore, territorial bodies aspiring to development must actively work on creating a positive image of their territory to diversify sources of capital and attract new investors. In this context, territorial marketing to attract investors is promotion (advertising). In turn, promotion is the fourth element of the implementation of territorial marketing, but it requires utilizing the entire marketing mix (the "4P" concept). When considering the first element of the implementation of territorial marketing, it is worth mentioning that many regions of our country can offer themselves to investors through so-called territories with preferential investment regimes. Thus, the task of forming the "territory for the investor" product will include two main components: the territory as a whole and territories with special regimes. To conduct pricing effectively, it is necessary to have a good understanding of investment projects and possess up-to-date information about the market. "Place" - location or placement - is the most complex and difficult concept in territorial marketing. While the placement of the territory cannot be controlled, the flow of resources passing through this territory, forming growth points, can be managed. Certainly, in business, promotion and advertising activities are more technologically advanced than in the public sector, but this is quite natural. There will be no significant differences because attracting a professional from the advertising market for government or local self-government is easier than a marketer working with the strategic block. However, if private practices and techniques are quite successful, more conceptual issues of promotion significantly lag behind. As in business, in territorial product management, it is advisable to use all available means, even if it is a small budget for advertising and a few exhibitions per year. However, marketing of territorial products, especially in attracting investors, is a complex task that is effectively solved comprehensively and sequentially, guided by the marketing mix.