Central Government Regulation Research Articles

Airport city and downtown store competition and regulation under incomplete information

Many airports have evolved into "airport cities" by expanding their business ventures beyond traditional goods and services to include hotels, convention centers, and shopping complexes. These airport cities, often referred to as airport malls, now directly compete with downtown stores due to their increasingly similar range of products and services. Both air passengers and local residents can choose to shop at either the airport mall or downtown stores. We model the government's optimal regulation of airport cities under potentially incomplete information regarding their true operational costs and service quality. Our analytical results suggest that airports can earn "information rent" in the form of higher profits when the government lacks complete information about the operational cost of airport mall. This incomplete information results in distortions in airport aeronautical charge and airport mall shopping price. Our findings indicate that it is more socially efficient for the government to allow airports to earn an "information rent" through higher aeronautical profits, with the direction of airport price distortion depending on the price elasticity of air travel demand. In contrast, the government's incomplete information about airport mall service quality does not lead to distortions compared to the complete information scenario. We also examined outcomes under different airport city regulation regimes: regulation by the central government (centralization), local government (localization), and both governments (dual regulation). Dual regulation results in the most significant airport pricing distortion, benefiting airports with the highest information rent. However, this approach still yields greater social welfare than localization. Consequently, the central government always has an incentive to intervene in airport city regulation. Nevertheless, our numerical simulations indicate that central government regulation under incomplete information could result in worse social welfare outcomes than no regulation at all.

Does the Air Pollution Joint Prevention and Control Policy Work: Evidence from China

Developing countries face significant challenges in managing regional air pollution. While previous studies show the benefits of the Air Pollution Joint Prevention and Control (AJPC) policy, there needs to be more understanding of its implementation challenges. Using data from the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH) region in China and applying a tripartite evolutionary game (TEG) model along with a difference-in-differences (DID) method, our study talks about the effectiveness of AJPC policy. We find that the AJPC policy has positively impacted air quality. However, its effectiveness varies across regions and periods, making it difficult to achieve the original goals. Additionally, we identified challenges to implementing the policy, such as free-riding from governance spillover, the instability of central government regulation, and the limited policy-carrying capacity of micro-entities. Our findings highlight the complexity of regional pollution control and provide critical insights for refining pollution management strategies in developing countries, offering valuable guidance for policymakers aiming to enhance regional air quality control.

Analisis Pengelolaan Limbah Bahan Berbahaya dan Beracun (B3) di Industri Perhotelan Kota Jambi

This research aims to identify the type and amount of B3 waste, identify B3 waste management based on Government Regulation Number 22 of 2021, as well as the SWOT strategy for B3 waste management in the Jambi City hotel industry. The research method is a mixed method. Data collection techniques were carried out by means of open interviews using questionnaires, documentation and literature studies. This research used two types of informants, namely 5 experts and 36 hotel staff, with a questionnaire as the data collection instrument. The results of this research are the type of B3 waste in hotels, namely used oil with the highest amount, namely 0.786 tonnes, and the smallest amount, namely used cloth, amounting to 0.009 tonnes. The research results also found that the hotels that produced the most B3 waste were 5-star hotels, amounting to 0.752 tons. The stages of B3 waste management implemented in the hotel industry are the reduction stage and the storage stage. In the SWOT diagram, it is in quadrant II, namely a combination of strategies between strengths and threats (ST strategy), namely central government regulations, administrative sanctions for hotels, reducing the use of B3 waste in hotels, preparing TPS for B3 waste not mixed with other waste, the government working together. with third parties for B3 waste management, inviting the public to protect the environment.

Effective Facilitation and Major Improvements through Revamping Wage Regulations in Indonesia

This study examines the role of the Sidoarjo Regency Manpower Office in determining the Regency/City Minimum Wage (UMK). Using a qualitative approach, data were collected through interviews, observations, and documentation with key informants such as workers' unions, employers, and government officials. The findings reveal that the Manpower Office effectively facilitates wage determination by providing necessary infrastructure, forming wage councils, and aligning with central government regulations. However, improvements in infrastructure efficiency and the development of clearer, faster regulatory methods are needed. This research highlights the office's strengths and areas for enhancement in setting fair minimum wages. Highlights: Effective Facilitation: Provides infrastructure and forms wage councils for UMK determination. Regulatory Alignment: Complies with central government policies and living needs. Infrastructure Improvement: Enhances efficiency and develops faster, clearer regulations. Keywords: Sidoarjo Regency, Manpower Office, Minimum Wage, Labor Regulation, Qualitative Research

Reducing carbon emissions in prefabricated buildings supply chains: a focus on component manufacturing processes.

The construction sector accounts for 23% of emissions from global economic activity, with China responsible for nearly 41%. Although China has vigorously promoted the development of prefabricated buildings (PBS) in pursuit of cleaner production, the carbon emissions from prefabricated component factories (PCF) should not be underestimated. So, the focus of this research was on how to promote the decarbonization of PCF. Based on the carbon trading market mechanism, the carbon emissions trading tax and revenue tax collection, the authors established a differential game model consisting of the local government and the PCF, studied the equilibrium solutions under different decision models, and analyzed the roles of the two tax systems, carbon trading revenue, and market preferences. The results are as follows: (1) The PCF's low-carbon technology (LCT) innovation efforts can be directly affected by the carbon price, component price, and tax rate and indirectly affected by influencing the local government's efforts. Besides, the local government and the PCF strategies can be changed through the central government's regulation of carbon prices and tax rates. (2) PCF should set reasonable prices for components, improving economic efficiency and the LCT stocks. (3) Cost-sharing contracts can encourage PCF to increase their LCT innovation, which is conducive to increasing the optimal benefits of the PCF. (4) The local government cannot be motivated by cost-sharing contracts. They can increase their optimal benefits only if the cost-sharing coefficient is below a threshold or if the environmental benefits from low-carbon production are above a specific value.

Strategies of Regional Levies of the Marine Affairs and Fisheries Office of Central Java Province of Indonesia

There is still a need to properly increase the role of regional levies in generating revenue for Central Java Province. This is because each region has been granted the authority to manage its affairs, including regional finance, with the expectation that regional governments will become financially independent from the central government. In reality, many regions in Indonesia and other countries still significantly rely on the central government for financial support. Therefore, regional governments must focus on increasing revenue by improving the management of regional levies at the Regional Apparatus Organizations. This is achieved through the development of strategies for the regional levies sector based on the SWOT analysis results and the projected regional levies revenue of the Marine Affairs and Fisheries Office of Central Java Province. This research aimed to identify strategies, create strategies for regional levies, and analyze the projected revenue from these levies. This is expected to support efforts to increase regional levies revenue. This research used primary and secondary data. The primary data were obtained through interview results with key informants to assess the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats faced by the Marine Affairs and Fisheries Office in collecting regional levies. Meanwhile, secondary data comprised information on regional levies and relevant references on the Regional Apparatus Organization. The data collected were analyzed using the SWOT and multiple linear regression analyses as analytical techniques. The results showed the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats used to collect regional levies and also the strategies. Based on the projected revenue, the levies generated by this Regional Apparatus Organization are projected to increase from 2022 to 2027 steadily. The implications include recommendations for activities carried out by the Marine Affairs and Fisheries Office, which aligned with the potential and capabilities of the regional and central government regulations governing regional levies.

MODEL KEPEMIMPINAN KONTIGENSI FIEDLER DALAM PENERAPAN E-GOVERNMENT

The utilisation of information and communication technology in government processes to improve the efficiency, effectiveness, transparency and accountability of governance. The application of E-government is important to help the government provide public services. The demand for transparency and accountability has finally become E-government as a key requirement so that the quality of good governance is not just a theory on paper. So that government agencies from the central to the regional level are obliged to implement the use of information systems and technology on a massive scale. The implementation of E-government in the regions is also in line with the demands of central government regulations that are concerned with the development of digital-based services. This research focuses on the role or model of government leadership. This research uses descriptive qualitative research methods. The results of the study found that the first Fiedler Contingency Model Leader Member Relationship is the most needed leadership model in the Public Service mechanism with data 60% strongly agree and 40% agree regarding this model which prioritises democracy as a pillar of service. The leadership model is carried out through democratic values. Second, the Degree Of Task Structure leadership model found that 80% strongly agree and 20% disagree. This means that the leadership model based on command lines is still relevant in the government bureaucracy. So that all duties and responsibilities are carried out based on TUPOKSI. So that there are no mistakes in providing policies or implementing policies. Third, namely Leader Position Power, the results showed that 40% strongly disagreed, 40% agreed and 20% strongly agreed. This means that this leadership model is less favoured by government officials because this model tends to be authoritarian and prioritise the selfishness of a leader.

Analysis of Village Financial Management

This study examines the financial management of Wedi Village in Gedangan District, Sidoarjo Regency, focusing on the alignment between the Annual Village Budget (APBDes) and the Village Medium-Term Development Plan (RPJMDes), the capacity of village officials in report preparation and financial accounting, and the proficiency of SISKEUDES application operators. Applying a qualitative approach, the research employs observations, interviews, and documentation for data collection. While the village demonstrates adherence to regulatory guidelines, hindrances include incomplete accommodation of community aspirations in the APBDes, conflicting central government regulations, and diminished village autonomy in financial management. The study highlights the need for streamlined regulations to enhance village financial autonomy and recommends targeted training programs for officials to address operational challenges in financial management. Highlight : Comprehensive Analysis: This study provides a thorough examination of the financial management practices in Wedi Village, shedding light on the compatibility issues between the APBDes and RPJMDes, as well as challenges in utilizing the SISKEUDES application. Capacity Building: The research underscores the crucial need for targeted training programs for village officials, emphasizing the lack of skills in preparing accountability reports and financial accounting, thereby addressing a key obstacle in effective financial management. Autonomy Challenges: The study highlights the impact of overlapping central government regulations, reduced village autonomy, and the inability to accommodate all community aspirations in the APBDes, advocating for regulatory reforms to empower villages in managing their finances. Keywords: Village Financial Management, APBDes, RPJMDes, SISKEUDES Application, Regulatory Compliance

Early assessment of tobacco excise sharing fund as policy for farmers’ viable alternatives in Indonesia: case study of four municipalities in Indonesia

Indonesia’s Tobacco Excise Sharing Fund (DBHCHT) policy mandates that part of the fund be allocated for tobacco crop diversification – reducing the farmers’ reliance on the tobacco industry as well as implementing Article 17 of the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC). We collected primary data from key stakeholders in four main tobacco-producing municipalities. A number of challenges related to DBHCHT utilization remained at subnational levels. The suboptimal use of DBHCHT could be explained in part by (i) constantly changing central government regulations, (ii) farmers’ unawareness of DBHCHT regulations, (iii) delays in DBHCHT allocation, and (iv) supply and demand mismatches. Although Indonesia has not been a part of the FCTC ratification, the DBHCHT mandate is in line with the FCTC article 17, i.e., promoting economically viable alternatives for tobacco farmers. This study concluded that DBHCHT utilization needs to go further to void this mandate given the challenges at the subnational level. Therefore, this study recommends additional technical and practical regulations involving multisectoral stakeholders and the use of DBHCHT to meet the financial needs of crop diversification.

Enhancing Halal Tourism through Paradiplomacy: Institutional Challenges and Opportunities in the NTB-Bukhara Collaboration

The enactment of Law No. 23 of 2014 concerning Local Government in Indonesia has paved the way for increased international engagement by local authorities, a practice known as paradiplomacy. In this context, Nusa Tenggara Barat (NTB) has sought to expand its international cooperation, notably with Bukhara Province, focusing on developing the halal tourism sector. This study critically examines the process and challenges of institutionalizing paradiplomacy between NTB and Bukhara, with a particular focus on halal tourism development. However, the institutionalization of this international cooperation has encountered significant obstacles. Utilizing a qualitative research approach, this investigation analyzed a variety of primary and secondary sources to uncover the underlying factors impeding the process. The study identified several key barriers to the institutionalization of NTB-Bukhara paradiplomacy, including shifts in leadership and policy priorities within NTB's government, delays in formalizing cooperation agreements, a lack of expertise in international relations among local government officials, restrictive central government regulations, and cultural and conceptual discrepancies in the understanding of halal tourism between the two regions. Addressing these challenges requires a multifaceted approach, involving not only policy reform and capacity building at the local government level but also a deeper cultural and conceptual alignment between cooperating entities.

Ecodevelopment strategy selection and case simulation of marine ranching enterprises based on evolutionary games

In the context of China’s “dual carbon” goals of carbon peak and carbon neutrality, the ecodevelopment of marine ranching enterprises (MREs) can provide new opportunities for economic growth and environmental protection. MRE ecodevelopment not only enhances the value of enterprise products but also helps restore the marine environment and protect fishery resources, thus promoting the sustainable marine economy development. Since marine ranch development is guided by the government, government regulation and incentives play an important role in MRE ecodevelopment. Based on the principle of participating subjects’ limited rationality, this study constructs an ecodevelopment game payment matrix involving central government regulation, local governments, and MREs and analyzes their decision-making processes. Using MATLAB, parametric analysis and numerical simulation are conducted to reveal the development behaviors of the government and MREs and their influencing factors. The results are as follows: Initial willingness to participate has different influences on the two participating subjects. Government incentive policy has a greater influence on MREs, and the punishment by the central government and monitoring positively contribute to the behavioral choices of the MREs and the government. These findings can help governments formulate mechanisms to promote MRE ecodevelopment. Specifically, we recommended that the governments promote MRE ecodevelopment by establishing hierarchical supervision and management organizational systems, improving policy, and formulating reasonable reward and punishment mechanisms.

Horse Policy and Ruling Thought in the Early Western Han: Examining the Ordinances on Fords and Passes

The central government's regulations on the sale and purchase of horses in the Land within the Passes (Guanzhong ) and their entry and exit from the Pass in the Ordinances on Fords and Passes (Jinguan ling ) are important sources for understanding the horse policy of the early Western Han Dynasty and recognizing the relationship between the dynasty and the counties and vassal states outside the Pass. By examining the ordinances on the purchase and sale of horses, it is clear that the Han state strictly controlled horses, restricted private ownership of horses, and prohibited horses from exiting the Pass. However, some "privileged classes" still had the right to purchase horses from the Han government and take them out of the Pass after following some legal procedures, but this privilege was entirely dependent on the imperial power. Behind these regulations, it reflects the legislative thought of the supremacy of imperial power, "power over law"(), and the fundamental purpose of consolidating centralized power, weakening the strength of vassal states, and "strengthening the central forces while weakening the local ones" ().

Implementasi Desentralisasi Fiskal dalam Kebijakan Transfer Dana ke Daerah Pada Realisasi Anggaran Pendapatan dan Belanja Negara Tahun 2021

Fiscal decentralization has been officially implemented in Indonesia since the beginning of the reform, to be precise since January 2001, and implemented to create regional self-reliance. With the regional autonomy policy and fiscal decentralization, every region in Indonesia receives a large delegation of authority. In 2020, the Covid-19 Pandemic rocked the Indonesian economy. Economic growth continued to decline and had a negative impact on the people's economy, in addition to influencing the Transfer to Regions and Village Fund (TKDD) policies. Regional Governments are given the authority to prioritize the use of budget allocations for specific programs (refocusing), change allocations, and use the Regional Revenue and Expenditure Budget (APBD). Merilee S. Grindle's theory of implementation is the rationale for this research, focusing on aspects of the desired degree of change, location of decision-making, program implementation, and level of compliance and responsiveness. Regarding the desired degree of change, regional governments must reallocate budgets and refocus programs according to the central government's regulations. Aspects of program implementation, budget reallocation, and refocusing programs in several regions were successfully carried out. Aspects of the location of decision-making appropriate policies by prioritizing the health, social, economic, and regional financial sectors. While the aspects of compliance and responsiveness show that the policy has yet to be realized optimally, several problems were found in its implementation.

Good Will Trust in Institutional Governance Networks in the Implementation of a Livable House Development Program in Gowa Regency

Trust is needed to reduce complex interactions between actors and achievement results among the organization’s public. This study aims to analyze the implementation of the livable housing development program in Gowa Regency using the approach of good trust in the governance network. This research method uses a qualitative approach, and the data in this study comes from primary and secondary sources. The data collection included observations, in-depth interviews, and documentation. Data analysis was conducted through interactive analysis. The results state that the first element of goodwill is that the responsiveness of the stakeholders is very good and indicates a commitment to carrying out the assistance program for the construction of livable houses in Gowa Regency. The second element of devotion stated that there were several regulations from the central government and ministerial regulations regarding assistance for the construction of livable houses based on these regulations, and that the Government of Gowa Regency is committed to implementing a livable housing development program. The third element of collaboration identifies that the Perkimtan Service participated in a survey to verify the eligibility of prospective beneficiaries through the fields appointed to be program assistants, according to the aid quota of the Self-Help Housing Stimulant Assistance Program (the Housing and Settlements). Keywords: good will trust, institutional governance network, program implementation

Local Government Capacity in the Fulfillment of Basic Needs Program for Border Area Communities in Nunukan Regency

The capacity of the local government in Nunukan Regency is believed to be capable of increasing capacity building by implementing programs that address the basic needs of the community, especially in the border areas. The objective of this study is to analyze the local government’s capacity to fulfill the basic needs of the people in these border areas. The research approach used in this study is qualitative, which allows for a contextual explanation of the study phenomenon. Scott’s concept (2008) is employed as a framework to understand the various dimensions of capacity building. The results of the study reveal that the local government fulfills the basic needs in border areas by adhering to central and provincial government regulations, which fall under the regulative dimension. The normative element is evident in the mechanisms established for running the program, based on agreements and commitments made by the regional government. The cognitive dimension emphasizes that the local government’s fulfillment of basic needs in the border region is guided by shared beliefs and logics of action. These findings highlight the alignment between the local government’s actions and the prevailing beliefs and practices in the community.
 Keywords: local government capacity, border area management, basic needs fulfillment program

Theoretical analysis of currency reform and national governance challenges during the early Joseon Dynasty: A game theory approach.

During the early period of the Joseon Dynasty, the government undertook currency reform at both central and local levels to promote currency exchange and restructure market order. Drawing on historical sources and utilizing game theory methodologies, this study examines the challenges of state governance and the dynamics of central-local relations during this era. The findings suggest that the establishment of the Joseon Dynasty's governance system arose from the rulers' deliberate decisions; however, it was also driven by the necessity to reconcile the development of productive forces with the superstructure. The study highlights the impact of the "official" issue on communication efficiency between central and local authorities, which contributed to the currency reform's failure. Consequently, the central government's regulation and control over local regions, as well as its ability to govern the aspirations of grassroots populations, emerged as crucial factors for successful national governance. This research provides valuable insights into the academic value and significance of historical state governance practices and informs contemporary centrallocal relations and policy development.

Strategi Pemulihan Pariwisata Pasca Pandemi Covid19 di Kabupaten Sumenep

Since early 2020, all countries in the world have been hit by the 2019 coronavirus (Covid-19) pandemic, including Indonesia. The COVID-19 pandemic not only affects public health, but also has an impact on the economy. Meanwhile, the tourism sector experienced a slump. The purpose of this study is to find out the Tourism Recovery Strategy after the Covid-19 Pandemic in Sumenep Regency. This study uses a qualitative method. The post-pandemic tourism recovery strategy includes three parts, namely strategy formulation, strategy implementation, and strategy evaluation. The strategy formulation is an elaboration of central government regulations, namely the application of CHSE (Clealinees, Healthy, Safety, and Environmental Sustainability) in the main activities in the tourism industry, namely MICE (Meetings, Incentives, Conventions, and Exhibitions) and the Enforcement of Restrictions on Community Activities. Furthermore, the central regulation is described in a regional regulation, namely the Decree of the Regent of Sumenep concerning the Enforcement of Restrictions on Community Activities. The implementation of the strategy carried out is the dissemination of the application of health protocols to tourism objects and the surrounding area, which has been implemented since 2020 to all tourism stakeholders (Government, tourism business actors, community). Meanwhile, the strategy evaluation was carried out on the implementation of the strategy as a consideration for improving the strategy in the next period according to the pandemy level, and the situation and conditions in Sumenep Regency. This evaluation is stated in the recommendation of the Regent of Sumenep regarding the implementation of health protocols on 3 tourism objects managed by the Government of Sumenep Regency, namely Slopeng beach, Lombang beach and the palace museum.

Preserving the Existence of Sea Turtles: The Government Policies and Roles on Conservations

<p>Sea turtles are reptiles that live in the sea which have long been threatened, both from nature and human activities. Internationally, sea turtles are included in the 'red list' in the International Union for Conservation of Nature's (IUCN) and Appendix I of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Flora and Fauna (CITES), which means that their existence in nature is threatened with extinction so that all the form of utilization and distribution must receive serious attention. Therefore, sea turtle conservation efforts are an important program to protect and save the populations, especially in Indonesia because there are 6 out of 7 sea turtles species still exist today in Indonesia. In order to support sea turtle conservation efforts in Indonesia, government roles are needed, both at the central and regional levels. This research focuses on the preserving sea turtles based in Indonesia through government policies and roles regarding conservations at Serangan Island and Tanjung Benoa, especially local government. The purpose of this research was to analyze government policies and their roles on sea turtle conservation efforts at Serangan Island and Tanjung Benoa. The research method used is normative using secondary data supported by primary data in the form of interviews with the management of the conservation centers. The research result shows that central government regulations are not always passed down to the regional level, but the government's awareness to protect the existence of turtles has been carried out together with the society even without regional regulations.</p>

Creative Accounting in Local Governments to Obtain Funds for COVID-19 Management

Purpose: This study aims to test whether local governments in Indonesia carry out creative accounting to obtain a national economic response loan in dealing with the COVID-19 pandemic with 0% interest. Theoretical framework: According to public choice theory, it can be predicted that local government will take advantage the National Economic Recovery (PEN) loan program with 0% interest from central government for their covid-19 prevention. Local government will fix the financial information which adjusted to the central government regulation in order to obtain the loan. Design/methodology/approach: The research population in the first year was all local governments in Indonesia. The sample obtained in this study was 51 local governments according to the criteria in the purposive method. The data analysis technique used in the study was the STATA analysis tool version 15. Findings: The result analysis regression has proven that the local government loan positively affects creative accounting. This study can also prove that geographic location and local government independence positively affects creative accounting. Research, Practical & Social implications: The low level of local government financial statement accessibility in Indonesia has resulted in a minimum amount of data being obtained. This can be a motivation for further research to examine the level of financial statements transparency in Indonesia. Originality/value: This study is the first to examine creative accounting by government accountants. Secondly, this study can improve scientific studies, especially financial accounting through empirical evidence about creative accounting carried out by Indonesian local governments in developing countries that have different characteristics from other countries in the world.

Implementation of Management of COVID-19 Prevention and Control at PT. X

The Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) pandemic has become a major ongoing global economic crisis, including in the construction sector. To recover the economy in line with Government Policy, PT. X implements the Management of COVID-19 Prevention and Control because Company realizes protecting workers' health is a top priority. This study aims to provide an overview of management COVID-19 prevention and control implementation and recommendations and effective strategies for improvement. The research design used was a cross-sectional study using an online interview and secondary data. Data will be analyzed using SWOT Analysis. The study only focused on activities and working conditions at PT. X. This study uses qualitative methods. The information was collected through in-depth interviews with key informants and supporting documents used in the data triangulation process—COVID-19 prevention and control measures implemented at PT. X refers to the company, local government, and central government regulations and policies. The company has implemented several programs during PPKM. In general, the implementation of the COVID-19 health protocol at PT X has been exemplary. Management always emphasizes the commitment of all levels to understand the COVID-19 pandemic, transmission routes, and control and prevention measures to minimize the significant impact on the company's business operations.