Central Gap Research Articles

Insights into the activity of single-atom Fe-N-C catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction

Single-atom Fe-N-C catalysts has attracted widespread attentions in the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). However, the origin of ORR activity on Fe-N-C catalysts is still unclear, which hinder the further improvement of Fe-N-C catalysts. Herein, we provide a model to understand the ORR activity of Fe-N4 site from the spatial structure and energy level of the frontier orbitals by density functional theory calculations. Taking the regulation of divacancy defects on Fe-N4 site ORR activity as examples, we demonstrate that the hybridization between Fe 3dz2, 3dyz (3dxz) and O2 π* orbitals is the origin of Fe-N4 ORR activity. We found that the Fe–O bond length, the d-band center gap of spin states, the magnetic moment of Fe site and *O2 as descriptors can accurately predict the ORR activity of Fe-N4 site. Furthermore, these descriptors and ORR activity of Fe-N4 site are mainly distributed in two regions with obvious difference, which greatly relate to the height of Fe 3d projected orbital in the Z direction. This work provides a new insight into the ORR activity of single-atom M-N-C catalysts.

Investigation of the effects of central rectangular gap located in the adhesive layer on failure load and joint stiffness

Investigation of the effects of central rectangular gap located in the adhesive layer on failure load and joint stiffness

Is A2261 a Fossil Galaxy Cluster in a Transitional Dynamical State?

Abstract Fossil cluster A2261 is well studied, but previous studies give contradictory results on its dynamical states, such as its X-ray central entropy and magnitude gap. To improve our understanding of its dynamical state, we conduct multiobject spectroscopic observations with Hectospec on the MMT, covering an area out to 5 virial radii from the cluster center, and get improved completeness and membership. Using these new data, we calculate multiple dynamical indicators, including Gaussianity, distance offset, and velocity offset. These indicators suggest that A2261 is moderately relaxed. However, a Dressler–Shectman test reveals a group candidate to the south at a projected distance that is near the virial radius and overlaps with an X-ray tail-like feature. One of the galaxies associated with that group would be sufficiently bright to reduce the fossil magnitude gap. This raises the possibility that A2261 could have recently transited in fossil status, if the group had previously crossed the cluster and is only now found outside. In the cluster outskirts, we see an extended feature of galaxies located on the opposite side of the cluster from the group candidate. On even larger scales, we find that this feature connects, both on the sky and in velocity space, with a long (4.4 Mpc) filamentary structure in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey data. This could support the idea that a group was fed into the cluster through the filament, temporarily breaking the fossil status and resulting in a minor merger that weakly disturbed the intracluster medium of the cluster.

Staging Fibrosis in Chronic Viral Hepatitis.

Staging fibrosis accurately has always been a challenge in viral hepatitis and other liver diseases. Liver biopsy is an imperfect gold standard due to its intra and interobserver agreement limitations and additional characteristics such as its safety and cost. Hence, non-invasive tests have been developed to stage liver fibrosis. In addition to serological biomarkers, physical tests with reasonable accuracy are available and adopted in the daily clinic regarding viral hepatitis fibrosis staging. In this review, we discuss the published data regarding the staging of liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis B and C, emphasizing non-invasive markers of fibrosis, both serological and physical. Moreover, we also discuss a persistent central gap, the evaluation of liver fibrosis after HCV cure.

Exposure, access, and inequities: Central themes, emerging trends, and key gaps in Canadian environmental justice literature from 2006 to 2017

Environmental injustices—in the form of inequitable distribution of environmental risks and benefits, uneven access to decision‐making processes, and misrecognition of communities—have been documented globally. However, in Canada, many have argued that the story of environmental injustice is less widely known, with more fragmented research that has produced little in terms of public policies intended to alleviate injustice. This paper uses a meta‐narrative review approach to map the evolution of environmental justice research in Canada between 2006‐2017, and characterize how central themes, emerging trends, and gaps in the literature have changed since the last review of this kind was completed. We conducted a systematic search of publications addressing environmental justice in Canada, yielding 820 publications. We coded abstracts to assess patterns of coverage across space, time, topics, and populations of focus. We find that Canadian environmental justice literature has continued to grow in quantity and scope, addressing more dimensions of environmental harms and benefits, and from an increasingly integrated perspective. However, there remain important and persistent gaps in its coverage. Future research that more fully addresses these geographic (e.g., Atlantic and Prairie regions), topical (e.g., focus on prevention), and recognitional (e.g., racialization) gaps is needed to inform policy‐making and promote justice.

Analysis and Reduction of the Sloshing Phenomena Due To Sudden Movement of Spray Mixture Tanker

The sloshing phenomenon occurs in partially filled tankers due to sudden movement can affect the tank structure integrity and impair the dynamic stability of the tanker. The effects of sloshing phenomena in a spray mixture tank due to acceleration or deceleration of the agricultural vehicle is investigated under three filling levels of 25%, 50%, and 75%. The pressure time distributions on the tank wall were evaluated by using a multiphase transient model (water and air as an ideal gas) and a free surface flow in a homogeneous model. It was possible to verify the wave behavior of sloshing. The condition of 75% tank filling volume generated the highest pressure on the tank wall. The effectiveness of two types of vertical baffles in suppressing pressure was numerically investigated. Shear stress on the tank bottom wall under these proposed arrangements was analyzed by steady-state models and mechanical agitation, considering a filled tank. The proposed solution based on two partial vertical baffles and a central gap was the most effective. It promotes the higher reduction of wall impact pressure and other sloshing instabilities and maintains similar results of mixture agitation of the tank without baffles.

Metabolism is a major driver of hydrogen isotope fractionation recorded in tree-ring glucose of Pinus nigra.

Summary Stable isotope abundances convey valuable information about plant physiological processes and underlying environmental controls. Central gaps in our mechanistic understanding of hydrogen isotope abundances impede their widespread application within the plant and biogeosciences.To address these gaps, we analysed intramolecular deuterium abundances in glucose of Pinus nigra extracted from an annually resolved tree‐ring series (1961–1995).We found fractionation signals (i.e. temporal variability in deuterium abundance) at glucose H1 and H2 introduced by closely related metabolic processes. Regression analysis indicates that these signals (and thus metabolism) respond to drought and atmospheric CO2 concentration beyond a response change point. They explain ≈ 60% of the whole‐molecule deuterium variability. Altered metabolism is associated with below‐average yet not exceptionally low growth.We propose the signals are introduced at the leaf level by changes in sucrose‐to‐starch carbon partitioning and anaplerotic carbon flux into the Calvin–Benson cycle. In conclusion, metabolism can be the main driver of hydrogen isotope variation in plant glucose.

Investigation of Pobeda furnace bubbling zone physics using cold modeling method Part 2. Hydro-gas dynamics of liquid blowing with gas using bottom gas-protected lance

The cold flow simulation of the Pobeda furnace bubbled bath hydro-gas dynamics was performed using the bottom lance in a protective gas shell. It was shown that gas infusion into liquid at Ar = 5÷60 is carried out in pulse-coupled mode. The gas-liquid interaction area was investigated at Ar = idem for separate and joint air egress through ring and round nozzles. A two-phase zone was formed in liquid that consisted of a «leg» featuring different geometrical shape, a cavity and a gas-liquid layer over the bath surface at all considered Ar values. The most peculiar features of blowing zone formation, flame configuration and its structure depending on blow injection configuration and Ar values were found out. It was detected that ejected liquid prevails in the cavity structure at intensive blowing through the lance center and ring gap, and its content increases as gas flow rate rises in the shell, and the «leg» near the nozzle exit consists of the gas phase. An assumption was made that the presence of additional sulfide melt amount in the oxidative jet provides more complete magnetite destruction in the bath volume and protective skull formation in close proximity to the nozzle. Sizes of most indicative geometrical areas of flame were quantified, and they demonstrated periodical and extreme jet spread behavior in liquid. Empirical equations were obtained that describe the relation between maximum longitudinal and transverse «leg» sizes at dynamical conditions of blow injection into the shell (Ar shell ) and central tube (Ar center ) for two value ranges Ar shell ≥ Ar center and Ar shell ≤ Ar center . It was found that blow injection into the shell increases «leg» extension velocity on the nozzle exit up to 137 mm/s. The dependence of average splash lift height (H avg , m) above the calm bath surface was defined, which is H avg = 0.027(Ar shell + Ar center ) 0.27 within 25 ≥ Ar shell ≥ 5 and 60 ≥ Ar center ≥ 12 ranges. Schlichting equation was used to calculate the value of maximum offset from the nozzle surface where the joint axial movement of ring and round jets in liquid is maintained with equal velocities. It is assumed that the protective effect of the bottom lance with the shell appears in the lance belt area over a distance of 7–10 cm from the nozzle exit. It was noted that the cavity after separation from the nozzle moves down vertically, and the countercurrent liquid flow bounding on the cavity front moves in an opposite direction slipping the phase interface with comparable velocity. Due to more intensive changes in the interaction zone transverse size in the nozzle area and noticeable lateral liquid movement it was recommended to take corrective actions to decrease the erosive effect of melt in the Pobeda furnace lance belt at the initial jet development area.

Physical contact in physical education, sports coaching and the preschool – a scoping review

Physical contact between adults and children in educational setting has been a well debated subject in research over the past 20 years. Although physical contact is often regarded as an important pedagogical tool, it has given rise to an increased awareness amongst sports coaches, physical education and preschool teachers about the possible negative consequences of its use in these settings. The aim of this article is to map the current literature on physical contact in physical education, sports coaching and the preschool and identify research gaps by means of a scoping review, i.e. after 20 years of research in the field of intergenerational touch what can be said to be known in the field and what possible gaps are there in the research? The research questions are: (i) Which journals, countries, settings, theories and methods are represented in the research field? (ii) Which central themes and knowledge gaps can be identified? The results show that the research field has expanded significantly in the last 20 years, both in terms of the number of published articles, the number of countries represented in the research and the number of journals in which articles on the topic have been published. The central themes identified in the articles included in the review cover the following topics: fears related to physical contact, resistance, cultural differences, the functions and needs of physical contact and the professional identity of sports coaches, physical education and preschool teachers. It is concluded that studies that could lead the research field forward would ideally focus on intersectionality, or how practitioners’ fears of physical contact impact their pedagogical work with students.

Differential Crustal Attenuation in the Garhwal and Kumaon Himalaya Obtained from Seismological and Geophysical Studies

Abstract The Uttarakhand Himalaya which comprises of the Garhwal and Kumaon Himalaya lies in the central seismic gap region of India. Strong motion networks have been installed separately in the Garhwal and Kumaon Himalaya under various sponsored research projects funded by the Department of Science and Technology (DST) and Ministry of Earth Sciences (MoES). These networks have recorded several near field earthquakes in the recent past. Recorded data from these networks have been utilised to study the crustal attenuation characteristics of these two regions. The crustal attenuation characteristics of medium can be directly estimated from the frequency dependent quality factor ‘Q’. Estimation of shear wave quality factor, coda wave quality factor and attenuation relations have been made by using same methodology in the data set obtained separately from these two regions. It has been found that there is a substantial difference in the attenuation characteristics of the crustal rocks in these two regions. Since shear wave attenuation has a close relation with the shear wave velocity, therefore, the shear wave velocity has been estimated at various locations of the Garhwal and Kumaon Himalaya by both active and passive methods. It has been found that the average shear wave velocity of crustal rocks in the Garhwal Himalaya is comparatively higher than that in the Kumaon Himalaya which clearly support the high attenuation property of the crustal rocks in the Kumaon Himalaya compared to the Garhwal Himalaya.

Digital Transformation of Care in Lifetime Neighbourhoods

If we want to achieve an effective digital transformation of neighborhoods, we need to understand the interaction between social determinants of health and emerging ambient technologies. Older adults suffer from frailty and the decline in physical and cognitive functional capacities and, therefore, experience decreased mobility, which can lead to difficulties with activities of daily living. Care settings located in smart buildings supported by Cyber-Physical Systems using the Internet of Things as an infrastructure with embedded Ambient Assisted Living Technologies, Wireless Sensors Networks, Big Data, and Machine Learning can support older adults to stay longer independent in their community and mitigate the risk of events leading to ill health and disability. The central gap found in the literature review is the lack of a common dataset for measurement of values of social determinants of health in various care settings. The paper presents the multistate competing risk model as framework for measurement of values of social determinants of health.

Ambient Intelligence Supporting Health and Social Care Services in Smart Care Settings: Literature Review and Research Agenda

In ageing cities and communities, there are increasing numbers of frail and disabled older adults suffering from multimorbidity and declining functional abilities. This deterioration can cause difficulties in carrying out essential activities of daily living and put older adults at risk of accidents. Age-friendly smart urban environments, supported by telecare services with embedded ambient intelligence, will be an essential part of how ageing societies will maintain and improve the quality of life of the growing number of residents with declining functional abilities and reduce the public financing of the long-term care services - reducing the needed number of caregivers. A review of relevant literature has shown that telecare supported by smart environments is an under-researched topic and that a central gap includes the lack of research on the integration of telecare services into the healthcare and long-term care systems. In the numerical example we also show how it influence a possible reduction of human resources in rural areas.

Topographic Influences on the Wind-Driven Exchange between Marginal Seas and the Open Ocean

AbstractThe wind-driven exchange through complex ridges and islands between marginal seas and the open ocean is studied using both numerical and analytical models. The models are forced by a steady, spatially uniform northward wind stress intended to represent the large-scale, low-frequency wind patterns typical of the seasonal monsoons in the western Pacific Ocean. There is an eastward surface Ekman transport out of the marginal sea and westward geostrophic inflows into the marginal sea. The interaction between the Ekman transport and an island chain produces strong baroclinic flows along the island boundaries with a vertical depth that scales with the ratio of the inertial boundary layer thickness to the baroclinic deformation radius. The throughflows in the gaps are characterized by maximum transport in the center gap and decreasing transports toward the southern and northern tips of the island chain. An extended island rule theory demonstrates that throughflows are determined by the collective balance between viscosity on the meridional boundaries and the eastern side boundary of the islands. The outflowing transport is balanced primarily by a shallow current that enters the marginal sea along its equatorward boundary. The islands can block some direct exchange and result in a wind-driven overturning cell within the marginal sea, but this is compensated for by eastward zonal jets around the southern and northern tips of the island chain. Topography in the form of a deep slope, a ridge, or shallow shelves around the islands alters the current pathways but ultimately is unable to limit the total wind-driven exchange between the marginal sea and the open ocean.

Identification of Patient and Caregiver Perspectives in Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis Using Focus Group Discussions

Background:Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis (LCH) is a clinically heterogenous inflammatory myeloid disorder, typically affecting children. Because of the uncertainty of disease course, rarity of disease, and incorporation of chemotherapy in treatment, the patient/family experience of LCH may experience significant emotional stress in addition to the physical disease burden. Aligned with the focus in the literature in other rare diseases, this study explored patient and family perspectives to develop a better understanding of patient treatment priorities, gaps in psychosocial support, and health care needs for families diagnosed with LCH.Methods:IRB approval to conduct this study was obtained. 4 focus group discussions (FGDs) with 14 study participants (6 adolescent patients and 8 adult patient caregivers) were held to elicit factors impacting the experience of diagnosis, treatment and surveillance for LCH. Topics discussed included: understanding of the LCH disease process, interpersonal communication between providers and patients/caregivers, difficulties experienced during the diagnostic, treatment or surveillance process, and fears surrounding disease recurrence.All patients and caregivers were recruited from the outpatient clinic at one institution via email or telephone using a consecutive sampling strategy. Further, the sample purposively included a range of patients in the treatment process (from recent diagnosis to active treatment to surveillance). The FGDs were all held virtually using Zoom videoconferencing software and subsequently audio-recorded and transcribed. The same researcher facilitated all FGDs.Two investigators independently reviewed the initial transcripts to develop the provisional codebook for this analysis. The investigators then applied the comprehensive codebook to all transcripts for the final coding process, after which key themes and concepts were identified and classified using the methodological orientation of grounded theory.Results:Fourteen individuals were divided into four focus groups. 6 adolescent patients, ages 12-21 years (median 14) were split into 2 groups (3 each), and 8 caregivers, all female, were split into 2 groups (4 each). Participant characteristics were as follows: 79% female and 21% male, 66.6% non-Hispanic White (66.6%), 16.7% Asian, 16.7% Latinx; 83.3% single system disease and 16.7% multi-system involvement. Intentionally, 50% of participants (patients or caregivers) experienced recurrent disease.Key themes from the FGDs were: •1. Length of time to diagnosis•2. Caregiver relationship with internet and social media as source of information•3. Lack of knowledge surrounding LCH disease, pathophysiology, and causes•4. Importance of peer and social support for families impacted by LCH•5. Dissatisfaction surrounding the disease classification of LCH - not cancer, perceived lack of access to resourcesDiscussion:Accounting for patient and caregiver perspectives, especially for rare diseases like LCH, is critical in the delivery of patient centered care and optimizing outcomes. Notably, the patient/caregiver education surrounding disease treatment was found to be a central gap, even with a wealth of available materials. Additionally, peer support groups were recognized as a powerful tool for helping parents to cope.The results also demonstrated that increased care coordination and assistance with navigation of complex care process could benefit families affected by LCH. Interestingly, the debate over classification of LCH as a cancer has implications as highlighted by the FGDs. The participants preferred the use of cancer to describe LCH. The results from this study could be used to develop a larger, quantitative patient preference study eliciting preferred methods of addressing these gaps. DisclosuresNo relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

Influence of room layout on airflow distribution in an industrial fruit store

• A wide distance between stack and wall opposite to fans increased flow uniformity. • Fan position above gaps is more efficient for bin ventilation than that above bin rows. • The distance of vertical gaps had little effect on air speed within the bins. • High storage density with 1 vertical gap in every 2nd row does not reduce airflow in bins. Fruit and vegetables are stored for up to several months in large bin stacks in refrigerated rooms. Gaps between the bins and bin wall openings should allow the circulation of cooling air to remove field and respiration heat from produce. In an industrial apple store, the effects of the stacking array, fan position and number on airflow distribution in vertical gaps and inside plastic bins were investigated using stepwise reduction of fan revolution. At 100% fan power, the average air velocity in vertical gaps between bin rows in the main flow direction increased with reducing total cross section of the gaps. In contrast, the number of vertical gaps between bin rows had little effect on the average air speed between fruit inside the bins, probably due to additional flow paths in the horizontal gaps. The lowest air speed was measured when bins were stacked in one block without vertical gaps and a distance to the side walls of only 10 cm. A stacking arrangement with only one central vertical gap between four bin rows or with a large distance (> 1 m) between the wall opposite to the fans and the bins enhanced flow uniformity. Three fans situated above the vertical gaps was more effective for the ventilation of bins than four fans above the bin rows.

Crustal velocity and interseismic strain-rate on possible zones for large earthquakes in the Garhwal\u2013Kumaun Himalaya

The possibility of a major earthquake like 2015 Gorkha–Nepal or even greater is anticipated in the Garhwal–Kumaun region in the Central Seismic Gap of the NW Himalaya. The interseismic strain-rate from GPS derived crustal velocities show multifaceted strain-rate pattern in the region and are classified into four different strain-rate zones. Besides compressional, we identified two NE–SW orienting low strain rate (~ 20 nstrain/a) zones; namely, the Ramganga-Baijro and the Nainital-Almora, where large earthquakes can occur. These zones have surface locking widths of ~ 72 and ~ 75 km respectively from the Frontal to the Outer Lesser Himalaya, where no significant surface rupture and associated large earthquakes were observed for the last 100 years. However, strain reducing extensional deformation zone that appears sandwiched between the low strain-rate zones pose uncertainties on the occurences of large earthquakes in the locked zone. Nevertheless, such zone acts as a conduit to transfer strain from the compressional zone (> 100 nstrain/a) to the deforming frontal active fault systems. We also observed a curvilinear surface strain-rate pattern in the Chamoli cluster and explained how asymmetric crustal accommodation processes at the northwest and the southeast edges of the Almora Klippe, cause clockwise rotational couple on the upper crust moving over the MHT.

Mesoscale seismic hazard zonation in the Central Seismic Gap of the Himalaya by GIS-based analysis of ground motion, site and earthquake-induced effects

Mesoscale seismic hazard zonation in the Central Seismic Gap of the Himalaya by GIS-based analysis of ground motion, site and earthquake-induced effects

Payment for water-ecosystem services monitoring in Brazil

The reduction of tropical forests has generated a loss of ecosystem services across the globe. In Brazil, essential biomes related to water provision (such as the Atlantic Forest and Savanna) have been degraded, compromising water-ecosystem services. Payment for water-ecosystem services (water PES) has been implemented as a tool to stimulate changes in the use and management of these areas. Many water PES projects have emerged in Brazil using forest restoration, aiming to improve water ecosystem services. In this context, this study identified the types of monitoring carried out in Brazilian water PES projects, to include their main characteristics and gaps. Five Brazilian projects were selected for analysis as case studies. Interviews were then conducted with stakeholders to get current data on their monitoring practices. The data from the literature review, case study approach, and interviews were analyzed from the perspective of monitoring guides recommendations. Different aspects were analyzed, such as objectives, institutional arrangements, type of monitoring, indicators, and frequency of monitoring. The study indicates that there is a lack of standardized methods, making it difficult to specify the results of the implemented actions. The central gap is related to benefit monitoring. It is necessary to establish a holistic monitoring system, dealing with the ecosystem as a complex socio-ecological system. Some perspectives to solve the problems were proposed. The results of this work may help not only improve the current and future PES schemes in Brazil but also in other countries, especially developing ones, where vulnerable populations depend upon them.

Review on the Prevalence and Persistence of Neuromyths in Education – Where We Stand and What Is Still Needed

The buzzword brain-based learning emerged in the 1970s and continues to fascinate teachers and learners in schools and universities today. However, what interested teachers often fail to realize is that brain-based or brain-friendly learning can not only be a plausible concept, but also a myth when applied incorrectly. Numerous empirical studies reveal a high degree of support for misconceptions about learning and the brain, known as neuromyths, among both pre-service and in-service teachers. When applied in the classroom, these myths can waste the educational system’s money, time and effort. Even though the neuromyths issue has been known for two decades and the topic remains a focus of constant research, even today, the research discourse barely goes beyond replicating the earliest research findings. This review article provides an overview of the theoretical and empirical state of research on neuromyths. As part of this, ten neuromyths on the subject of learning and memory will be described in terms of content and the results of prior studies on neuromyths will be summarized. This article also summarizes the state of theoretical and empirical research, which serves as a basis for highlighting controversies, fundamental concepts, issues and problems, current research gaps and potential developments in the field. Topics discussed include whether controversial research findings on correlations with endorsement of neuromyths are merely a methodological artefact, and why contradictions exist between the theoretical and empirical state of research. In addition, three central research gaps will be identified: First, studies should be conducted on whether and to what extent the endorsement of neuromyths really deprives teachers and students of opportunities to spend the education system’s money, time and effort on more effective theories and methods. Second, there is too little work on developing and evaluating intervention approaches to combat neuromyths. Third, a standard scientific methodology or guidelines for determining new neuromyths are lacking. As desirable future developments, more work educating people on neuromyths, uniform vocabulary, and interdisciplinary cooperation are highlighted. This contributes to answering the question of to what extent interweaving neuroscience, educational science and cognitive psychology can contribute to reducing the prevalence of neuromyths in education.

Review on the Prevalence and Persistence of Neuromyths in Education – Where We Stand and What Is Still Needed

The buzzwordbrain-based learningemerged in the 1970s and continues to fascinate teachers and learners in schools and universities today. However, what interested teachers often fail to realize is thatbrain-basedorbrain-friendly learningcan not only be a plausible concept, but also a myth when applied incorrectly. Numerous empirical studies reveal a high degree of support for misconceptions aboutlearning and the brain, known as neuromyths, among both pre-service and in-service teachers. When applied in the classroom, these myths can waste the educational system’s money, time and effort. Even though the neuromyths issue has been known for two decades and the topic remains a focus of constant research, even today, the research discourse barely goes beyond replicating the earliest research findings. This review article provides an overview of the theoretical and empirical state of research on neuromyths. As part of this, ten neuromyths on the subject oflearning and memorywill be described in terms of content and the results of prior studies on neuromyths will be summarized. The overview of the theoretical and empirical state of research serves as a basis for highlighting controversies, fundamental concepts, issues and problems, current research gaps and potential developments in the field. Topics discussed include whether controversial research findings on correlations with endorsement of neuromyths are merely a methodological artefact, and why contradictions exist between the theoretical and empirical state of research. In addition, three central research gaps will be identified: First, studies should be conducted on whether and to what extent the endorsement of neuromyths really deprives teachers and students of opportunities to spend the education system’s money, time and effort on more effective theories and methods. Second, there is too little work on developing and evaluating intervention approaches to combat neuromyths. Third, a standard scientific methodology or guidelines for determining new neuromyths are lacking. As desirable future developments in the field, more work educating people on neuromyths, uniform vocabulary, and interdisciplinary cooperation are highlighted. This contributes to answering the question of to what extent interweaving neuroscience, educational science and cognitive psychology can contribute to reducing the prevalence of neuromyths in education.