Exchange Potential Research Articles

An interesting class of exact solutions to Binet's equation, with references to Newton's and Einstein's theories of gravity

Abstract To adequately describe the motion of a particle in a central force field, one has to specify the apsidal angle (α). The particle's trajectory can only be truly periodic (closed), if α/π is a rational number. For example, F∼1/r^2 then α=π, and the trajectory is an ellipse. This is the simplest case when the trajectory equation (Binet's equation) is exactly solvable. In this article, bounded motion in a two-component central potential field V(r)=-a_1/r-a_2/r^2 will be examined and illustrated. This case is more complex, but the corresponding Binet's equation is still exactly solvable. Moreover, the perturbational solution to the relativistic trajectory equation is, in fact, the exact solution for a force field of the same type. It means that the relativistic force F∼1/r^4 is formally replaced with an effective F∼1/r^3 force. As will be shown, this differently interpretable solution gives a very accurate prediction to the anomalous shift of Mercury's perihelion.

Innovative machine learning for drilling fluid density prediction: a novel central force search-adaptive XGBoost in HPHT environments

Oil and gas industries are facing a special dilemma when it comes to high-pressure, high-temperature (HPHT) drilling as the accurate forecasting of the drilling fluid density (DFD) is a vital factor for safe and efficient operations. Complicated relationships and inconsistencies in HPHT situations are rarely mapped by current forecasting models, while their buggy performance and safety risks during drilling can be underestimated. In this research, we propose a novel machine learning (ML) approach to enhance the accuracy of DFD anticipation under HPHT conditions: central force search-adaptive extreme gradient boosting (CFS-XGB). This paper uses a dataset that has drilling variables together with the DFD for HPHT situations to examine the accuracy of the CFS-XGB model. Excluding the abnormalities of data or mistakes, the reliability of the original data is maintained by applying min–max normalization. After that, finding the important features with the help of the boosted principal component analysis (BPCA) approach to the normalized data will ensure a major improvement in the CFS-XGB methodology’s prediction efficacy. This research is experimented in the Python platform, and the performance of the proposed CFS-XGB method is analyzed in terms of MSE, R2, and AAPRE metrics. The suggested approach performs better than the current methods in forecasting the drilling fluid concentration in HPHT settings, according to the experimental data. This development in predictive modeling helps increase the productivity and safety of drilling operations, which will eventually help the oil and gas sector manage the challenges posed by HPHT drilling settings.

First‐Principles Study of Structural and Elastic, Electronic, and Thermoelectric Properties of PdSe2

The thermoelectric material in orthorhombic (Pbca) phase is studied with the help of density functional theory implemented in WIEN2k. The main properties of investigated are elastic, electronic, and thermoelectric properties. The anisotropy factors obtained with the elastic constants indicate that is strongly anisotropic. The Tran and Blaha‐modified Becke–Johnson exchange potential is used for bandgap calculations. The BoltzTraP code is used to find out the thermoelectric properties of . At 300 K, the maximum value of the Seebeck coefficient is 200 μV K−1 for the hole carrier concentration of 2.5 × 1019 cm−3 and is 241 μV K−1 for the electron carrier concentration of 1.2 × 1019 cm−3. The power factor (PF) and figure of merit (ZT) are calculated for different carrier concentrations and temperatures. The optimum value of ZT for bulk PdSe2 as calculated in this work is ≈0.6 for hole carrier concentration (p = 2.6 × 1020 cm−3) at 800 K, which suggests as a potential material in thermoelectric applications at higher temperatures.

First-principle study origin of ferromagnetism in non-magnetic perovskite BaSnO3 doped with 2p-X (X=C, N)

In this study, our goal is to analyze the origin of magnetization in non magnetic cubic structure perovskite BaSnO3 doped with 2p-X (X=C, N) using the full potential linearized augmented plane wave (FP-LAPW) method based on density functional theory (DFT). For the exchange and correlation potential we have applied the generalized gradient approximation (GGA) and the GGA plus-modified Becke-Johnson potential (mBJ-GGA). The results show that BaSnO3 doped with C then with N and finally with C and N exhibit half-metallic ferromagnetism behavior with the integer magnetic moment of 1, 2 and 3 μB per cell respectively. The origin of the ferromagnetism that occurs within these compounds is mainly caused by the p-p hybridization between 2p-impurities and its neighboring oxygen atoms. These results allowed to conclude that doped perovskite could provide a new type of materials, called half-metallic for future spintronic devices.

First principle insight of CaBS[formula omitted] (B= Sn, Zr and Hf) chalcogenide perovskite as eco-friendly material for photovoltaics

Lead-free perovskite-type materials, renowned for their easy processing and tunable bandgaps, have emerged as a cost-effective alternative for fabricating high-efficiency tandem solar cells. Utilizing density functional theory (DFT) combined with the full-potential linearized augmented plane wave (FP-LAPW) method and the modified Becke-Johnson exchange potential (TB-mBJ), this study investigates the potential of CaBS3 (B = Zr, Hf, and Sn) compounds as promising absorbers for next-generation tandem applications. Our results demonstrate that CaBS3 compounds exhibit semiconducting properties with direct bandgaps. This study investigates the unique properties of CaBS3 perovskites, revealing their potential to enhance the efficiency of next-generation photovoltaic devices. Our findings demonstrate that CaZrS3 exhibits a remarkable Seebeck coefficient of up to 3200 μV/K, indicating superior p-type conduction and enhanced thermoelectric efficiency. Furthermore, the direct bandgaps and ambipolar conductive behavior of these materials position them as strong candidates for photovoltaic applications. Notably, a four-terminal tandem solar cell configuration comprising CaZrS3 and CaSnS3 achieves a peak conversion efficiency of 55.5% at an absorber thickness of 500 nm, surpassing the traditional Shockley-Queisser limit. These results underscore the promising capabilities of CaBS3 perovskites in advancing renewable energy technologies, paving the way for innovative designs in solar energy solutions.This investigation lends empirical credence to the optimization of tandem cell designs, thus catalyzing advancements in next-generation photovoltaic technologies.

International Learning for EdD Learners

This essay explores the potential of short international study trips and virtual exchanges to foster EdD learner engagement with new ideas, practices, and peoples in other parts of the world. To frame the discussion, I consider alignment of frequently articulated goals for international learning with CPED (2022) Guiding Principles for Program Design, and related EdD preparation needs in three areas: culture and communication, global views, and professional expertise. I draw on research literature and my own work to discuss goals, curricular activities, and reported evidence associated with both approaches. I identify strengths and challenges for each approach. The essay concludes with recommendations for designing and leading short study trips and virtual exchanges for EdD learners.

Study of electron and positron elastic scattering cross-sections of astro molecule H2S

Abstract The elastic, integrated, momentum transfer, viscosity, energy-dependent, and differential cross-sections and the Sherman function for electron and positron H2S scattering are reported at impact energies ranging from 1 eV to 1 MeV. The average orientations of the polar molecule H2S are considered, and the electron and positron elastic scattering cross-sections of H2S are typically calculated using single scattering-independent atom approximation. The relativistic Dirac equation is solved using the free atom optical potential, which includes the electrostatic interaction potential, exchange potential, correlation polarization potential, and imaginary absorption potential. The present computed cross-section results are compared with the available experimental and theoretical results, and a reasonable agreement is observed.

Study tours as strategy in building multi-level public health system transformation in Ukraine (UA)

Abstract With 14 million Ukrainians in need of psychological aid (UNDP) and a strained health system, UA urgently requires mental health and psychological support services (MHPSS). As a TA partner on the USAID funded Public Health System Recovery and Resilience project in UA, the Philadelphia (PHL) team supports capacity building for population-based MHPSS at the community level with a study tour strategy. Such approaches apply to other countries interested in remodeling public health systems. The strategy aims to advance community based MHPSS through in person tours in PHL with remote follow up to stimulate vision, exchange ideas and accelerate action among governmental, community, and academic partners. The study tours presented overviews on health policy, system development, program services delivered to children and adults, community interventions, and workforce development of professionals and paraprofessionals. All included the foundational principles of trauma-informed practice. The June 2023 tour hosted 11 decision makers and regional officials who embraced the vision for system development and endorsed further engagement. The December 2023 tour hosted 13 practitioners and coordinators of health and social services to observe community programs. Results include development of PHL NGOs and UA social service hub partnerships to implement train the trainer programs for peers/people with lived experience and for mural arts programs to promote community engagement and empowerment. The September 2024 tour involves university partners from nursing, social work and psychology and PHL counterparts to strengthen curricula to include mental health competencies, support faculty development with potential for collaborative research and student exchange, and design post-graduate continuing education courses for upskilling the incumbent workforce. Study tours and direct exchange are an effective strategy for capacity building for MHPSS in Ukraine to address population health needs. Key messages • The sequenced study tour strategy affects distinct levels of change makers in UA. The results are governmental buy-in, partnerships for programmatic development, and academic advancement. • The study tour model promotes systematic change and offers solutions to MHPSS workforce shortages through information exchange, relationship building, and capacity development.

Participatory topological mapping: A novel approach for exploring and communicating situated knowledge of complex socio-ecological systems

Land use change impacts on Sámi reindeer husbandry are well-documented, but existing maps often fail to capture socio-ecological relationships between herders, reindeer and nature. Conventional Geographic Information Systems (GIS) simplify these relationships, lacking local context and excluding valuable knowledge due to their rigid structure. This paper introduces participatory topological mapping, a low-tech, knowledge co-production method that allows communities to share geospatial insights without advanced software. Combining hand-drawn maps with a standardised topological structure facilitates the visualisation of geographical relationships and dynamic land use systems from a local perspective. Developed and assessed through a Swedish case study in collaboration with Vittangi and Malå reindeer herding communities, the method aims to reduce barriers to knowledge exchange and enhance dialogue between Indigenous knowledge-holders, researchers and decision-makers. The paper discusses the authors’ experiences with participatory topological mapping, emphasising its potential and limitations for knowledge exchange. The method is advocated for broader use, recognising its value in articulating concerns about land use change beyond research settings and reindeer husbandry. Participatory topological mapping enables knowledge-holders to control the map and its narrative, deciding what is included or excluded. The maps and accompanying stories are valuable sources for documenting, sharing and analysing local perspectives on landscapes and the effects of land use change. The method treats mapping as a social process with the potential to affect how we understanding the world. When thoughtfully applied, it offers a valuable avenue for knowledge co-production, fostering deeper engagement, supporting informed decision-making and empowering communities.

Enhancing Cross-Cultural Understanding: The Role of Digital Platforms in Cultural Exchange for Chinese Graduate Students at Northwestern University

The rapid growth of digital platforms has reshaped the educational-rich landscape, introducing dynamic ways of cultural exchange that transcend traditional boundaries. This paper explores the unique potential of online cultural exchange to promote cross-cultural understanding and community building for students, with a special focus on Chinese graduate students in Northwestern University during their short spring break. As global connectivity increases, it becomes increasingly important to leverage these digital tools to facilitate meaningful cultural interactions. This study argues that social media platforms play a key role in this effort, enabling students to engage in cultural exchange activities that are both convenient and impactful (Abbas et al., 2019). Integrating digital tools into educational and cultural environments has revolutionized the way students interact with different cultural experiences. Social media platforms, in particular, offer unparalleled opportunities for students to connect with peers from different cultures, share knowledge and engage in collaborative activities. These platforms provide a flexible and accessible means for students to immerse themselves in cultural learning outside of geographical constraints. Moreover, the interactivity of social media fosters a sense of community and common purpose, which is essential for successful cultural exchange programs. While there are many advantages to using social media for cultural communication, there are also significant challenges that need to be addressed. The potential for distraction, information overload, and reduced face-to-face interaction could undermine the effectiveness of these platforms in educational Settings. In addition, given the differences in social media usage patterns among different demographic groups, such as gender differences, it is critical to ensure that programs are inclusive and effective. This article aims to explore these complexities and offer solutions to maximize the benefits of social media while mitigating its drawbacks.

Unveiling half-metallic, thermoelectric and optoelectronic behavior of the new Heusler alloy RbCrZ (Z = Si, Ge): a DFT perspective

Abstract Utilizing the density functional theory (DFT) method, this study aims to predict with precision the structural, elastic, electronic, magnetic, thermoelectric, thermal, and optical properties of two recently discovered half-Heusler alloys, namely RbCrSi and RbCrGe. The exchange and correlation potential are accounted for using the generalized gradient approximation of Perdew–Burke–Ernzerhof (GGA-PBE) and the Tran–Blaha-modified Becke–Johnson exchange potential (TB-mBJ). Through structural analysis, it is observed that both RbCrSi and RbCrGe alloys exhibit energetic stability in a type-3 structure with a ferromagnetic (FM) state. Both alloys exhibit half-metallic properties and integer magnetic moments of 3 μB, following the Slater-Pauli rule. Additionally, elastic calculations confirm their mechanical stability and anisotropic ductile behavior. The quasi-harmonic Debye model (QHDM) is employed for calculating thermodynamic properties, while the BoltzTraP code, based on semi-classical Boltzmann theory (SCBT), is utilized for evaluating thermoelectric properties. Findings reveal that RbCrZ alloys (with Z = Si, Ge) exhibit high figure of merit (ZT) values nearing unity at highest temperature. Consequently, the newfound half-Heusler alloys RbCrSi and RbCrGe hold significant promise for applications in thermoelectricity and spintronic devices. This comprehensive analysis underscores the potential of these alloys in the realm of renewable energy applications.

The evolving dynamics of Haredi Judaism in Israel: Ideological shifts and political influences

This article analysed the evolution of Haredi Judaism in Israel, highlighting its deep-rooted fundamentalist beliefs and its transformation from a marginalised group to a central force in Israeli society. As the fastest-growing demographic, the Haredi community exemplified the tension between fundamentalism and modernity. The study explored the defining characteristics, political ideologies and social influence of Haredi Judaism in Israel, detailing how it transitioned from insular religious enclaves to active participants in national politics. The article also examined the Haredi impact on Israeli-Palestinian relations, focusing on their influence on party politics, land disputes and Jerusalem-related issues.Contribution: The study enhanced the understanding of Haredi Judaism’s ideological evolution and political integration within Israeli society. It highlighted the Haredim’s influence in shaping Israel’s national identity and policy directions. Additionally, the research elucidated the significant impact of the Haredi community on Israeli-Palestinian relations.

Action-based explanations as a basis for the analysis and design of the social world.

In sociology, the question of what it means to explain social phenomena and how this relates to the purpose of the social sciences is important but nowadays rarely asked. This article elaborates on this question and provides an answer by outlining the program of "explanatory sociology" as a branch of the modern social science approach. It is shown that, in this framework, to explain means to uncover cause-effect relationships based on models of individuals who are assumed the central force in social life. This idea is taken further to uncover specific challenges that individuals face in social life and how and why they establish and manage (or do not) social forms that help to organize the world from the viewpoint of their abilities and needs. Such action-oriented explanations have been presented and developed in sociology since its very beginning. Two main forms or logics to construct action-based explanations are outlined and developed due to the form and function of the used action theory or model. The article contributes to the discussion about the form and task of sociological theorizing by presenting action-based explanations as a form of sociological theorizing that defines a clear task in exploring challenges in social life and assessing possible forms of coping with them from the perspective of individuals. By doing so, two main ways of broadening explanations are considered and compared in light of what the purpose of sociology might be.

Classical mechanics in noncommutative spaces: confinement and more

We consider a semi-classical approximation to the dynamics of a point particle in a noncommutative space. In this approximation, the noncommutativity of space coordinates is described by a Poisson bracket. For linear Poisson brackets, the corresponding phase space is given by the cotangent bundle of a Lie group, with the Lie group playing the role of a curved momentum space. We show that the curvature of the momentum space may lead to rather unexpected physical phenomena such as an upper bound on the velocity of a free nonrelativistic particle, bounded motion for repulsive central force, and no-fall-into-the-centre for attractive Coulomb potential. We also consider a superintegrable Hamiltonian for the Kepler problem in 3-space with su(2)\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$\\mathfrak {su}(2)$$\\end{document} noncommutativity. The leading correction to the equations of motion due to noncommutativity is shown to be described by an effective monopole potential.

Stationary scattering for the nonlinear Schrödinger equation with point-like obstacles: exact solutions

AbstractWe solve the Nonlinear Schrödinger Equation (NLSE) in 1D in presence of one, two and several Dirac delta potentials. With the help of an equivalent central force problem we obtain the analytical solutions in terms of a biparametric family containing the Jacobi functions. Elliptic Jacobi functions are already reported in the literature but they have not been used in the context of a scattering problem under causal boundary conditions. In the simplest examples of one or two Dirac deltas we analyze how the nonlinear term of the equation affects the modulus and phase profiles of the wave function. We also study the transmission curves under the nonlinear modification of the tunneling behavior for the first time. For a Fabri-Perot configuration made of two deltas, we obtain the effect of nonlinear coupling in the positions of the local maxima (resonances). We lay the foundations for nonlinear Anderson localization of 1D BECs in a speckle field. Upon redefinition of parameters these novel results describe the dynamics of a stationary Higgs field in 1D. Finally, we discuss the conditions for soliton formation under the influence of a Dirac comb potential, giving rise to fully correlated locations and intensities of the defects.

Potential of organometallic complexes in medicinal chemistry

Abstract Organometallic complexes, which include ligands such as carbon monoxide (CO), carbenes, alkyls, phenyls, p-bound alkynes, alkenes, cyclopentadienyls, and arenes, have been extensively utilized in fields like materials chemistry and catalysis. These complexes also offer opportunities for the development of new medications with unique modes of action. Specifically, we are interested in anticancer drugs that can enhance the effectiveness of platinum treatments, broaden their range of action, reduce adverse effects, and prevent resistance. The distinct physiochemical properties of organometallic complexes have made them valuable in homogeneous catalysis, including the production of lead compounds and therapeutic possibilities. Over the past 20 years, a small group of researchers worldwide has explored the medical applications of these compounds’ unique characteristics, such as their structural diversity, potential for ligand exchange, and redox and catalytic properties. The results have been remarkable, and it is anticipated that numerous other organometallic compounds will undergo clinical trials in the coming years in addition to those already underway. In this brief study, we outline the advantages that organometallic metal complexes have over coordination compounds and pure organic molecules.

2024 International Conference on Education, Economics, Management, and Social Sciences(EMSS 2024)

Welcome to the official website of the 2024 International Conference on Education, Economics, Management, and Social Sciences (EMSS 2024), scheduled to take place from September 25-26, 2024 in Melbourne, Australia! EMSS 2024 offers a prestigious platform for scholars, educators, researchers, and practitioners in the fields of education, economics, management, and social sciences to share their latest research insights, innovative methodologies, and cutting-edge solutions. This conference serves as a global forum to foster interdisciplinary discussions, collaborations, and the exchange of ideas on some of the most critical and emerging issues in these fields. We are proud to gather participants from various sectors who will engage in thought-provoking discussions and debates on topics of major societal relevance, including advances in educational practices, economic strategies, management approaches, and social sciences. The conference aims to provide valuable contributions to both academic research and practical applications. EMSS 2024 is committed to highlighting original, high-quality research papers that advance theoretical understanding, offer practical implications, and contribute to policy-making. Each paper has been rigorously reviewed based on its technical merit, research significance, and real-world impact, ensuring a high standard of academic excellence. We would like to extend our deepest gratitude to the esteemed members of the technical and organizing committees, whose diligent efforts in reviewing and improving the submissions have significantly elevated the quality of the conference proceedings. Additionally, we express our heartfelt thanks to the authors for their contributions, collaboration in adhering to the conference guidelines, and for sharing their unique insights and innovative research. We look forward to the intellectual exchange, networking opportunities, and collaborative potential that EMSS 2024 will bring. We hope you enjoy the conference! EMSS 2024 Conference Chairs

Investigating the structural, electronic, optical and thermodynamic properties of ATiO3 (A = Ba, Ca, Ra) for low-cost energy applications

The structural, optoelectronic, and thermodynamic characteristics of ATiO3 (A = Ba, Ca, Ra) perovskites have comprehensively been investigation first-principles based DFT calculations. The GGA method was employed to handle exchange and correlation potentials. The analysis of the E-V plots indicates that RaTiO3 exhibits the highest level of stability in comparison to BaTiO3 and CaTiO3. The direct band-gap characteristic of the ATiO3 (A = Ba, Ca, Ra) perovskites is apparent in the band structure plots. The band gaps for BaTiO3, CaTiO3, and RaTiO3 are 2.48, 3.15, and 1.91 eV, respectively. The analyzed materials exhibit the highest level of photon absorption in the near UV area, as demonstrated in the ε2(ω) plots. The refractive index n(ω) values reveal that ATiO3 (A = Ba, Ca, Ra) are active optical materials as their n(ω) values are between 1 and 2. These perovskite oxides have optical features that make them promising prospects for anti-reflecting coatings over entire energy span as these materials exhibits a very low reflection (∼20 %) of incident photons. The thermodynamic properties of ATiO3 (A = Ba, Ca, Ra) are assessed to determine their dynamical stability and suitability for thermal applications. The results of the investigation demonstrate that these perovskite oxides have the potential to be used in optoelectronic devices.

Normalizing and Mainstreaming the French Radical Right: Divergences in Leadership Communication during a Summer of Inland and Borderland Tensions

Abstract The radical right has become a central political force in most Western democracies. This process has been the result of the normalization and mainstreaming of its political leaders, discourses, and visions of society, notably involving the scapegoating of immigration and the use of the Great Replacement conspiracy theory. However, the normalization and mainstreaming of radical right actors competing for the leadership of their overall political family remain an under-researched topic. The scope of the current article is to explore this phenomenon by considering the case of France, which after the United States, is the largest Western state that could potentially be ruled by a radical right president with extensive executive powers. The analysis shows that actors competing for the leadership of the radical right in a given country can generate diverging strategies of normalization and mainstreaming to secure their political distinction. Immigration and the Great Replacement constitute, respectively, a topic and a conspiracy theory that are emphasized and/or downplayed by opportunistic stakeholders weaving a web of interactions to define their comparative legitimacy and supremacy in the public sphere.

Heavy exotic hadrons near thresholds: [formula omitted] and its partners

Recent accelerator experiments have reported unexpected states known as exotic hadrons, whose properties cannot be explained by the conventional picture. In 2022, the LHCb collaboration reported the doubly charmed tetraquark Tcc+ which is a genuine exotic states whose minimal quark content is ccūd̄. We consider the Tcc state as a DD∗ hadronic molecule. The one meson exchange potentials are employed as for the hadron interactions, and a bound state properties is investigated. Furthermore, the superflavor symmetry predicts a new pentaquark state D̄Ξcc from Tcc, which is obtained by replacing a D(∗) meson with a Ξcc(∗) baryon. We also study a possible existence of the D̄Ξcc bound state, and its properties.