Central European Perspective Research Articles

PW01-203 - Predictors of stigmatizing and destigmatizing articles on mental illness in the printed media: a central European perspective

ObjectivesMany studies describing print media representations of mental illnesses have showed that these depictions are frequently negative and contribute to consequent stigmatization of people with mental illness. The main objective of this international study was to identify predictors of stigmatizing and nonstigmatizing articles on mental illness in Czech Republic, Croatia and Slovakia.MethodsThe study sample comprised all articles pertaining to the topic of mental illness (N=450) chosen from 6 most widely read newspapers and magazines identified during five weeklong periods in 2007. The presence of stigmatization and destigmatization statements was coded and articles were grouped in positive, neutral, mixed and negative clusters. Negative/positive ratio (NPR) was used to assess the predictor value of different features of the article regarding stigmatization.Results61.8% of articles contained some stigmatizing statements towards persons with mental illness. The highest NPR was found in articles published in tabloids (6.8), on the front page (3.7) and in the articles where psychotic disorder was mentioned (7.4) and mentally ill person figured as a source of information (1.8). Lowest NPR was found in magazines (0.6), articles in later sections (1.7) that mentioned eating disorders (0.3) and scientific surveys (0.1).ConclusionsThere is a high level of stigmatizing statements in the studied articles. As the strongest predictors of stigmatizing content we have identified articles that are published in tabloids and articles with reference to psychosis. Contrary to this, eating disorders had the least stigmatizing depiction as well as articles containing scientific data.

How can producers access the modern agri-food chain? A Central and Eastern European perspective.

Abstract This article reviews the empirical literature on how farmers can access the modern agri-food chain in Central and Eastern Europe, with special emphasis on small-scale producers. We focus on two questions: on farmer-buyer relationships and the credit market imperfections. We briefly describe common theoretical approaches including transaction costs economics, economics of enforceable contracts and augmented accelerator model. Empirical results suggest that after almost two decades since the beginning of transition, the adjustment problems of farmers in these countries are more general, and many of them are not specific to small-scale farms. However, some issues are more severe for small-scale farms as a lack of enforceable contract arrangements and cooperation among farmers, the low level of trust in trading partners and difficult access to credit markets. Note that empirical evidence is far from exhaustive, especially for small-scale farms. Thus we need more research on these fields focusing on more countries and more food chains, including more carefully developed theoretical models as a base for empirical research.

The Public Role of Religion: A Central-European Perspective

Church leaders in Europe frequently lament that the environment is non-religious and unchristian. Reflecting on how the European countries which fell under Communist domination have adjusted to the post-Communist era, the paper advances the view that the situation should be characterized differently. European Christianity stands on the threshold of another of its historical metamorphoses. The continent is not simply unchristian or non-religious, but neither is not religious in a Christian way. Christianity is not the religion of present-day Europe, and at the same time European Christianity can no longer be seen as a "religion."

Forty Years of IIC Membership from a Central European Perspective

Manfred Koller, former head of the Bundesdenkmalamt in Vienna, was awarded Honorary Fellowship of the International Institute for the Conservation of Historic and Artistic Works at the Annual General Meeting in January 2006. This is a written version of the paper he delivered after the award.

De-Centring Western Sexualities: Central and Eastern European Perspectives

De-Centring Western Sexualities: Central and Eastern European Perspectives

The Emergent European Educational Policies under Scrutiny: The Bologna Process from a Central European Perspective

In this article, the Bologna Process and the European Research Area are viewed as the two sides of the same coin: that of the redefinition of the missions of the institution of the university. The Bologna Process is viewed as relatively closed to global developments: as largely inward-looking, focused on European regional problems (and European regional solutions), in the absence of references to global changes and huge globalization-related political and economic transformations underlying them. Higher education in central and eastern Europe has been in a state of permanent crisis since the fall of communism and there has not been enough general reflection on its transformations. The author's concern about Bologna is that it is not trying to rise to the conceptual level that would be required to assist higher education systems in central and eastern Europe with their integration with western European systems. Bologna could be a useful policy agenda; it could provide clear recommendations on what to do and how, presenting a comprehensive package of reforms. But it is not. In this respect, it does not meet expectations of the academic community in the region; it is unclear in its visions, and consequently in its recommendations for actions. In conclusion, the author states that while it may be quite successful in promoting its agenda in western Europe, it may fail in the transition countries, especially because of the combination of old and new challenges and because of chronic underfunding of national higher education systems. While western European institutions currently seem to be afraid of losing their autonomy, for educational institutions in most transition countries the Bologna Process could be a coherent reform agenda.

Variations in care and outcome in the first year after stroke: a Western and Central European perspective

Background: There are significant variations in the short term patterns of care and outcome after a first stroke in Europe. Objective: To estimate the variation in stroke care and outcome...

Moscow, the global city? The position of the Russian capital within the European system of metropolitan areas

During the 1990s, the city of Moscow was subject to an extraordinary transformation in its political, economic and social structures, which had consequences for the position of Moscow within the national and international hierarchy of cities. This article is concerned with the trends that can be discerned regarding the position of Moscow on the national and European scales. Without a doubt, the development of Moscow is characterized by an increasing separation from the national urban system and a growing international orientation. The Russian capital has no competitors on the national level: measured against the relevant economic indicators it is a long way ahead of the remaining Russian cities, which are primarily integrated into national and regional economic flows, and participate in the global economy only to a limited degree. Moscow, in contrast, is increasingly striving to integrate itself into transnational and international economic structures. Although the concept of Moscow as a global city is often instrumentalized in municipal politics, the ability of the Russian capital to act as a global centre is in fact limited. At present Moscow's most important function, from a Central European perspective, is to act as a bridging link between Central and Western Europe and Russia. There is a danger that the spatial disparities between Moscow on the one hand, and the remaining Russian cities and regions on the other, will continue to grow.

Globalisation, Regions, Nations and Integration: Central and Western European Perspectives

Abstract As the eastern Enlargement of the European Union is approaching there is more and more talk about the necessity of fundamental reforms in the ways in which the EU is governed and managed. Most observers agree that the old ways of the Community Method will no longer be able to answer the challenges of Enlargement Multilevel governance and subsidiarity as guiding principles of EU governance in the last decade or so have enabled many constitutional regions and stateless nations to have a greater impact in decision‐making at the European level. The ongoing Future of Europe debate and the establishment of the European Convention, which is supposed to be a preparation for the next Intergovernmental Conference in 2004, have clearly opened up new possibilities for sub‐state actors to formulate their opinions and contribute to the pan‐European debate about how our continent should look after Enlargement. The chief aim of this paper is to outline the vision of the constitutional regions concerning the future of the enlarged EU and to assess whether or not their views are taken into consideration by the other actors in the debate.

Globalisation, regions, nations and integration: Central and western European perspectives

As the eastern Enlargement of the European Union is approaching there is more and more talk about the necessity of fundamental reforms in the ways in which the EU is governed and managed. Most observers agree that the old ways of the Community Method will no longer be able to answer the challenges of Enlargement Multilevel governance and subsidiarity as guiding principles of EU governance in the last decade or so have enabled many constitutional regions and stateless nations to have a greater impact in decision‐making at the European level. The ongoing Future of Europe debate and the establishment of the European Convention, which is supposed to be a preparation for the next Intergovernmental Conference in 2004, have clearly opened up new possibilities for sub‐state actors to formulate their opinions and contribute to the pan‐European debate about how our continent should look after Enlargement. The chief aim of this paper is to outline the vision of the constitutional regions concerning the future of the enlarged EU and to assess whether or not their views are taken into consideration by the other actors in the debate.

Nurses' views about pain and trauma at dressing changes: a central European perspective.

This study investigated nursing and medical practitioners' perceptions of pain and trauma at dressing change in three German-speaking European countries: Austria, Germany and Switzerland. It follows a similar study by Hollinworth and Collier conducted in the UK. A total of 3300 questionnaires were posted to practitioners in the three countries. All of the practitioners had attended at least one educational event on wound management organised by the researchers. The questionnaire contained closed questions about the participants' experience of dressing change and pain, their place of work and their freedom to select wound management products. A 15.1% response rate was achieved. The main aim at dressing change was to prevent trauma to the wound (30%) and to prevent infection (29%) and pain (21%). Dressing removal (51%) and wound cleansing (41%) were cited as the phases of dressing pain most likely to cause pain. Factors perceived to cause pain during dressing changes included dressings that adhere to the wound area (35%), particularly direct adherence to the wound (29%) and dried-out dressings (28%). Techniques used to prevent pain included rehydrating dressings. The responses also pointed to insufficient knowledge about low-adherent or non-adherent dressings among some respondents. The respondents perceived dressing removal and wound cleansing to be the most painful wound-care interventions. Their key objectives were to prevent pain and trauma at dressing changes. Lack of information on low- and non-adherent dressings needs to be addressed. This study was funded by Mölnlycke Health Care AG, Switzerland.

Recent Trends and Major Issues in International Migration: Central and East European Perspectives

Until the late 1980s Central and Eastern Europe was a region relatively isolated from the other parts of the world. Flows of people between the countries, even inside the region, were rather small and sporadic, due to administrative restrictions on foreign travel. Contrary to what was feared in the West around 1990, it has not been flooded by East Europeans newly equipped with the freedom of movement. Indeed, the out‐flow of groups such as ethnic minorities, political opponents, and elites, has diminished. Nevertheless, at least three very dramatic and partly unexpected migration movements have occurred in the region. First: an unprecedented intensification of international flows within the region. Second: an influx of people from outside the region. Third: westbound transit. These three phenomena have a direct and sometimes con‐siderable impact on the countries undergoing the migration flows, provoking in them particular political responses.

Reform of the structural funds: Central and East European perspectives

Eastward enlargement poses an unprecedented challenge to EU policies for economic convergence. On the existing criteria for distribution of the structural funds, new central and east European members would qualify for sums that are politically unacceptable to the current EU‐15. Yet the policy objectives of the structural funds are highly relevant to CEE, given the regional inequalities in income and employment both within and between the applicant states, and the prospect that catch‐up with average EU income levels could take many years after accession. In ‘Agenda 2000’, the Commission proposed a neat compromise between the competing interests of net contributors, current recipients and CEE needs, but one which sacrifices the principles of solidarity and cohesion. Gaps between the applicants could widen as the front‐runners become eligible for much higher levels of EU funding than those left outside.

The debate on the Mesolithic-Neolithic transition in the western Baltic: a central European perspective

(1997). The debate on the Mesolithic-Neolithic transition in the western Baltic: a central European perspective. Journal of Danish Archaeology: Vol. 13, No. 1, pp. 171-178.

The central european university history department working paper series 1: women in history – women's history: central and eastern european perspectives, 1994

The central european university history department working paper series 1: women in history – women's history: central and eastern european perspectives, 1994

From the Forest to the Sea: The Ecology of Wood in Streams, Rivers, Estuaries, and Oceans. Chris Maser , James R. Sedell

Previous articleNext article No AccessBook ReviewsFrom the Forest to the Sea: The Ecology of Wood in Streams, Rivers, Estuaries, and Oceans. Chris Maser , James R. Sedell J. L. Tank and J. R. WebsterJ. L. Tank Search for more articles by this author and J. R. Webster Search for more articles by this author PDFPDF PLUS Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by Volume 14, Number 1Mar., 1995 Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2307/1467738 Views: 2Total views on this site Citations: 1Citations are reported from Crossref Journal History This article was published in the Journal of the North American Benthological Society (1986-2011), which is continued by Freshwater Science (2012-present). Copyright 1995 The North American Benthological SocietyPDF download Crossref reports the following articles citing this article:Zdeněk Máčka, Lukáš Krejčí, Blanka Loučková, Lucie Peterková A critical review of field techniques employed in the survey of large woody debris in river corridors: a central European perspective, Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 181, no.1-41-4 (Dec 2010): 291–316.https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-010-1830-8

Women in History—Women's History: Central and Eastern European Perspectives. Eds. Andrea Pető and Mark Pittaway. Central European University History Department Working Paper, no. 1. Budapest: Central European University, 1994. 153 pp. Tables. Paper.

Women in History—Women's History: Central and Eastern European Perspectives. Eds. Andrea Pető and Mark Pittaway. Central European University History Department Working Paper, no. 1. Budapest: Central European University, 1994. 153 pp. Tables. Paper. - Volume 54 Issue 4

The Position of the Victim in Criminal Justice: A Restrained Central and Eastern European Perspective on the Victim-Offender Mediation

The Position of the Victim in Criminal Justice: A Restrained Central and Eastern European Perspective on the Victim-Offender Mediation

Health Risk of Indoor Air Pollutants: A Central European Perspective

Two components of the indoor environment which are generally taken into account are thermal comfort and indoor air quality. These may not be suffi cient to describe the situation exactly since indoor air quality, in particular, needs to be fully specified. This paper describes central European research into the classic indoor environmental pollutants such as: asbestos, the oxides of sulphur and nitrogen, carbon monoxide, environmental tobacco smoke, house dust, radon and formaldehyde, including work on their health effects. The allergenic and genotoxic properties of pollutants in the indoor environ ment, which have become the focus of our research interests in environmental studies, are also discussed. The problems of disinfecting air as a preventative measure against air-borne infections, with particular reference to hospital hygiene and specific requirements of the pharmaceutical industry, are briefly discussed. Specific approaches to risk assessment in recent central and eastern European health protection policy are described including expected future development.

Health Risk of Indoor Air Pollutants: A Central European Perspective

Two components of the indoor environment which are generally taken into account are thermal comfort and indoor air quality. These may not be sufficient to describe the situation exactly since indoor air quality, in particular, needs to be fully specified. This paper describes central European research into the classic indoor environmental pollutants such as; asbestos, the oxides of sulphur and nitrogen, carbon monoxide, environmental tobacco smoke, house dust, radon and formaldehyde, including work on their health effects. The allergenic and genotoxic properties of pollutants in the indoor environment, which have become the focus of our research interests in environmental studies, are also discussed. The problems of disinfecting air as a preventative measure against air-borne infections, with particular reference to hospital hygiene and specific requirements of the pharmaceutical industry, are briefly discussed. Specific approaches to risk assessment in recent central and eastern European health protection policy are described including expected future development.