Central Dialect Research Articles

Топонимы как маркеры диалектов и говоров тувинского языка

В работе предлагается топонимы рассматривать как маркеры диалектов и говоров тувинского языка, что является новым взглядом на топонимию Тувы.Тувинский язык территориально делится на следующие диалекты и говоры: центральный диалект с дзун-хемчикским, эрзинско-тес-хемским, улуг-хемским, овюрским и тандынским говорами; западный диалект с бай-тайгинско-барун-хемчикским, монгун-тайгинским, кара-хольским говорами; тере-хольский, тоджинский, цагаан-нурский диалекты; алтайский диалект с кобдоским, цэнгэльским, китайским говорами. Современные диалектные черты тувинского языка являются результатом как междиалектных, так и межъязыковых связей, развитием собственных ресурсов.Топонимия Тувы в целом отражает состояние языковых контактов: центральный и западный диалекты с его говорами занимает обширную территорию современной Тувы, где в основном фиксируется общетюркская, собственно тувинская по происхождению топонимы, они прозрачны в своей этимологии. Редкие монголизмы-топонимы, встречающиеся на территории распространения центрального и западного диалектов отражают исторически сложившиеся тюрко-монгольские языковые связи. Более плотно расположены микротопонимы монгольского происхождения на юго-восточной территории Тувы, в особенности ареалы распространения эрзин-тес-хемского говора и тере-хольского диалекта. Территория распространения тоджинского диалекта отличается от других территорий сложными топонимами с древнетюркскими компонентами, не встречающимися на других территориях распространения тувинского языка, топонимами, отражающими богатство флоры и фауны таёжной тайги.Эндемик-аппелятив хем объединяет воедино те территории Монголии и Китая, где издревле живут этнические тувинцы — носители цэнгэльского и китайского говоров; а также приграничные с Тувой территории Горного Алтая, где ассимилировали некогда тувиноязычные родоплеменные группы. На территориях распространения зарубежных диалектов топонимия отличается параллельными тувинско-казахскими, тувинско-монгольскими названиями одного и того же объекта; тувинско-русскими параллельными названиями характеризуются территории центрального диалекта, где с начала ХХ века стали селиться староверы.

Geografía lingüística del idioma huasteco (teːnek)

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Adverbs in the Central Savinja dialect of Slovenian

Adverbs in the Central Savinja dialect of Slovenian

The linguistic norm in Northern Catalonia and community members' attitude towards their own language

Summary: Standard Catalan is based on the Central dialect and, specifically, on Barcelona speech. However, there are standard variants for all dialects, except for the Northern one. Furthermore, the sociolinguistic situation in Northern Catalan differs from that in other Catalan-speaking territories in that the language has almost disappeared. Some cultural activists are still trying to recover the Catalan language by using it in as many situations as possible. The objective of this article is to analyse the variety of Catalan – standard or dialectal forms – used in literature, the media, and education and what this usage demonstrates about Northern Catalans’ attitudes towards their own language. Keywords: Northern Catalan, standard Catalan, sociolinguistics, language attitudes

The impact of the English loanwords in the Central Kurdish dialect on media discourse

This article deals with the frequency of the use of English and Arabic loanwords in the central Kurdish dialect. Whereas a dramatic increase in the frequency of use of English loanwords was witnessed most notably in 2005 and 2011 in response to political and economic changes in Kurdish society, this was not the case with the frequency of Arabic loanwords reduced gradually following 1992 when Arabic ceased being used as an official language in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq (K.R.I.). In particular, I examine the period from 2003 to 2013 as an important era due to a series of radical changes in socio-political domains in Kurdish society that resulted in a considerable number of borrowings in the representation of political notions but also because of the Kurdish and English languages intense contact. This article will further look at phonological changes of English loanwords over a period of time as a consequence of language contact. The diachronic analysis suggests that in some cases Kurdish writers have been motivated by their desire to use a form closer to English than Arabic. Methodologically, the study is based on a systematic research of political articles published in the Xebat newspaper. Finally, the article deals with the process of orthographic adaptation of the loanwords. The results indicates that the majority of these loanwords are adapted to the structure of this dialect of the Kurdish language.

Don Quixote’s Quixotic Trauma Therapy: A Reassessment of Cervantes’s Canonical Novel and Trauma Studies

Abstract This article presents a non-canonical reading of Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra’s canonical novel Don Quixote. Using a trauma theory lens (from both cultural studies and psychiatry) to understand the pre-Don Quixote character Alonso Quijano, this research first advances several new arguments as to why Quijano appears to have endured a traumatic experience of ageing. Instead of interpreting his obsessive behaviour as madness, it is argued that he engages in a form of both individual and collective therapy consisting of reading to educate himself about emotions; engaging the body in adventures; listening to others’ stories of traumatic suffering; and stimulating “empathic unsettlement” toward others and his previously traumatized self, one of the main critical suggestions advanced. This article takes an original turn in trauma studies too by putting forward that Quijano’s therapy is effective because it addresses the “central dialectic of psychological trauma.” He embarks on an imaginative and collective adventure of self-identity, transforming himself into another who is exempt from the traumatic experience; he knows without knowing and speaks without speaking. His trauma therapy occurs outside the reality of trauma or inside the “unreality” of creative expression, and this is how he endures a traumatic experience of ageing.

Normative nasalance scores for Vietnamese-speaking children

Objective: The Nasometer is increasingly being used to complement auditory perceptual assessment of nasality. Nasalance scores which are obtained from the Nasometer vary across languages. Normative nasalance scores have been established for many languages but not for the Vietnamese language. The objective of this study was to obtain the normative nasalance scores for Vietnamese-speaking children.Participants: In this study, 102 healthy Vietnamese children speaking in the central regional dialect aged from 7 to 9 years (45 boys, 57 girls; mean age = 7.5 years) at a primary school in Hue, Vietnam participated.Procedures: Three speech stimuli, which were specific for the Vietnamese language, were designed: oral stimuli (19 words and 18 sentences), oro-nasal stimuli (eight sentences) and nasal stimuli (seven sentences). The children were asked to repeat these stimuli after the examiner. The Nasometer II (model 6450) was used to obtain the nasalance scores. The procedure took about 10 minutes for each child.Results: The mean nasalance scores and the standard deviation of each stimulus were: 13.1 ± 5.8 (oral stimuli), 30.7 ± 6.6 (oro-nasal stimuli) and 56.9 ± 9.2 (nasal stimuli). No significant differences between the genders were found.Conclusions: The normative nasalance scores provide essential reference information for clinicians who deal with nasalance disorders, especially patients with cleft palate. The nasalance scores in this study were established for Vietnamese children speaking in the central regional dialect and can be applied to both genders.

Comparing Rhythm of Speech and Folk Music: The Case of Vietnamese versus Australian, American and British English

This paper reports a study that examined the linguistic rhythm of Vietnamese speech and folk music in comparison with that of English using the rhythm metric measurements. The rhythm metrics (namely, %V, DC, DV, VarcoC, VarcoV, nPVI-V and rPVI-V) were obtained from a set of 20 English and 20 Vietnamese recorded news-like sentences spoken by four speakers per language, and the nPVI from musical notation of 60 Vietnamese folk songs of three regions (Northern, Central and Southern) and 162 English folk songs of three countries (60 from Australia, 60 from the USA and 42 from England). The results show that the rhythmic metrics discriminate well between the two typologically distinct languages: English, as a stressed-timed language, and Vietnamese, a contour tone language which is claimed to cluster with syllable-timed languages. The results on folk songs show that the folk music of the Central dialect of Vietnam has the most variable rhythm while there was insignificant difference in nPVI values among the four countries.

A study on divided sections of Jinju dialect

일반적으로 진주 지역어는 경남 서부 방언권으로 분류해 오고 있다. 그러나 진주 지역어 구획에 대하여 아직까지 체계적으로 연구를 한 바 없다. 이 글의 목적은 진주 지역어의 구획을 설정하는 것이다. 진주 지역어의 홀소리 체계는 하위 지역에 따라 서/북부 지역과 동/남부지역으로 구획되어 있고, 겹홀소리 체계는 하위 지역에 따라 서/북부 지역과동/남부 지역으로 구획된다. 진주에서의 형태음소 변동 규칙은 모두 13개인데 이 가운데 변동 규칙 4개만을 다룬다. 그 밖의 형태음소 변동 규칙은 하위 지역에 혼재로 분포해 있어, 논의 대상에서 제외한다. 이와 같이 이 규칙의 적용 여부를 볼 수 있듯이진주 하위 지역의 형태음소 변동은 매우 혼란스럽게 실현되고 있다. 어휘는 37개를 조사했으며, 이 가운데에서 7개 어휘에 대해서만 논의한다. 이 7개의 어휘는 하위 지역에 분화되어, 지역어형은 하위 지역인 어느 구역에집중적으로 분포되어 있는 가치성이 있다. 그 밖의 어휘는 하위 지역에 따라혼란스럽게 실현되고 있다. 이는 진주 지역이 경남의 서부 방언과 중(동)부 방언의 등어지대임을 암시하는 것이라 볼 수 있다. 따라서 진주 지역어권에 2개의 하위 지역어권이 구획되는데, 곧 진주 동/남부와 서/북부 지역어권으로 분화되었다. 아울러 진주의 서/북부 지역에서 작은 하위 지역어권도 설정했다.In general, Jinju dialect can be categorized as the west dialect areas of Kyungnam. However, researches on divisions within Jinju dialect have not been carried out yet. For this reason, this research endeavor to establish divided sections of Jinju dialect. According to sub-region, a vowel system of Jinju dialect is divided into the west-northern region and the east-southern region. Diphthong system is also divided into the west-northern reagion and the east-southern region. Morphophonemics fluctuation in this area appears very complex and mixed in many sub-regions. Based on the investigated vocabularies which are seven words in lexical item, mixed phenomenons are visible in sub-regions of Jinju. Dialect types are also shown in sub-regions of Jinju Therefore, it seems that the region of Jinju is isogloss area of west and central dialect of Kyungnam.. lsogloss of Jinju dialect are drawn from south to north. Jinju dialect can be differentiated by two dialect areas. Moreover, small sub-dialect area is esta blished its own division in west and northern part of Jinju.

Study on hypercorrection of phonological change

The primary purpose of this study is to identify the relationship between phonological change in the Korean language and its hypercorrection. To this end, this study further clarified the idea of hypercorrection, conditions, scope, etc. which had been rather unclear so fareto explain the relationship between phonological change and hypercorrection. To test the idea, conditions, etc. the study extracted hypercorrection examples in the Korean central dialect and investigated in which pattern the hypercorrections appeared in the actual literature by setting it as its secondary purpose. To this end, examples were extracted and quantified centering on palatalization and labialization and their development patterns were discussed. As a result, the hypercorrections in Korean central dialect were limited to the phonological change delivered from regional dialects. In this study, hypercorrection was recognized when the phonological environments were identical between the phonological change input part and alternant output part. In addition to this, the study discussed the possibility of different hypercorrection patterns according to social prestige. In this type of transformation under social prestige, the study looked at regions, social classes and vocabulary types to investigate different realization of hypercorrections. The Korean central dialect, first of all, was regarded more prestigious than regional dialects. It was also found that the language reflecting the upper class, rather than the language reflecting the mid class; and Sino­Korean words, rather than the native words in terms of lexicon type; were more socially prestigious thus, showing different hypercorrection patterns. Lastly, it was discussed that hypercorrection immediately appeared from the moment of phonological change or its acceptance and hypercorrection also occurred during active phonological changes or near the completion stage.

Developing a Transliteracies Framework for a Connected World

This article introduces a transliteracies framework to conceptually account for the contingency and instability of literacy practices on the move and to offer a set of methodological tools for investigating these mobilities. Taking the paradox of mobility—the simultaneous restricting or regulation of movement that accompanies mobility—as its central dialectic, a transliteracies framework functions as a flexible heuristic for attending to how meaning making and power are intertwined in and distributed across social and material relationships. We argue that a transliteracies framework encompasses two primary dimensions of mobile literacy practices: (a) the everyday activity of creating, maintaining, and disassembling associations across movements of people and things (indicated by the prefix trans-) and (b) the dynamic and material nature of meaning making in activity (indicated by the plural root word literacies). To trace the emergent and consequential ways mobilities are managed within and across systems, we introduce four analytical tools for inquiry: emergence, uptake, resonance, and scale. These inquiry tools address the paradox of mobility by highlighting the systemic dimensions of practice that create and perpetuate inequities. We argue that these transliteracies tools facilitate an inquiry stance that positions researchers to attend to people’s emic meaning-making processes, work to balance multiple perspectives, account for privilege and position, question normative assumptions and beliefs, and engage in and value multiple ways of knowing.

Отрицательные бытийные предикаты nʲetu-‘отсутствовать’ и nʲetu ‘нету’ в центральных и южных диалектах селькупского языка

Отрицательные бытийные предикаты nʲetu-‘отсутствовать’ и nʲetu ‘нету’ в центральных и южных диалектах селькупского языка

The question of dialogue of cultures as a form of language contact

An attempt to analyze the impact of Polish on the formation of the folk production terminology was made in this study. The object of study is the popular production terminology, namely woodworking terminology, which was collected by the author from 66 dialects of the Central Podillia during expeditions in 2007–2009. The work examines the structure, operation features, the semantic organization of Polonisms appearing in the woodworking crafts vocabulary of the Central Podillia dialects. It was found that when adopting to the Ukrainian language many nomens underwent the phonetic, morphological, accentological adaptation, during which some of them received different meaning.

Solomon Islands in Transition?

ABSTRACTThe notion of ‘transition’ as used to describe the recent drawdown of the decade-long Regional Assistance Mission to Solomon Islands (RAMSI) provides an obvious departure point for considering what other transformations – social, political and economic – are under way in the archipelagic nation. Yet the contributions to this special issue collectively reject the teleological language of transition and transformation deployed by many development actors in favour of a more nuanced and historically informed understanding of the central dialect between change and continuity, with change in Solomon Islands occurring slowly and in distinctly non-linear ways. This dialectic is traced and interrogated in various ways by the contributors to this issue. One broad theme concerns the contested narratives of changing state–society relations and, in particular, those between the central government and the rural localities where most Solomon Islanders continue to reside. Another is the changing social relations around land and natural resources engendered by ongoing processes of globalisation and persistent patterns of demographic change, migration and urbanisation. These and other processes of historical change, including state formation and capital accumulation, are also shaped by the enduring realities of scale and distance integral to Solomon Islands archipelagic geography. In this essay we explore these themes of change and continuity in Solomon Islands, positioning the individual contributions within this larger trajectory of slow-paced and distinctly non-linear change. Drawing heuristically on RAMSI's genesis in the state-building moment that dominated international relations during the first decade of this century, we also examine the distinction between ‘state-building’ and ‘state formation’ in the Solomon Islands context and, in doing so, contrast the tropes of state failure, weakness and fragility against narratives of resilience, tenacity, innovation and experimentation.

N Class and its Interpretation: The Neuter in Central Italian Varieties and its Implications

In this work we will characterize Romance N class morphology as endowed with a semantic content, providing evidence about the active involvement of N class at the syntaxsemantic interface. We will argue that the so-called neuter of Central Italian dialects involves coding of the mass/count distinction by N class morphology. The mass vs. count contrast can be interpreted as the reflex of a more primitive property, which opposes non-individual content to instances of individual denotation, since the -o ‘neuter’ inflection of Central Italian varieties is compatible not only with mass nouns but also with eventive contents and with the invariable inflections found with perfect participles of unergative/transitive verbs. We will show that Mass vs. count semantic content associated to and encoded through N class is available in other Indo-European languages and in genetically unrelated languages and we will support the idea that N class can function as a classifier.

The Inclusion of Dialects in Education: An Exploration into the Use of Afan Oromo Dialects in Primary Educational Context

The use of language varieties for instructional purposes is one of the significant factors in education. Education is claimed to be more efficient when it is provided through the medium of students’ mother tongue. This, in turn, suggests the varieties which are spoken by students should be used for education. However, it is not clear whether or not the different dialects of Afan Oromo are used in the textbooks and National Exams. Hence, the main concerns of this study were to investigate the extent to which Afan Oromo dialects are used in primary education and to describe how far the educational system is inclusive or address the diverse dialect speakers. To achieve these purposes, three school subjects (one which is taught as a subject and the other two which are taught using the language) were selected for analysis. Accordingly, the contents of the students’ textbooks and National Exams of Afan Oromo and two other subjects namely, Biology and Geography were selected and analyzed. Different findings were obtained from the data analysis. Regarding the use of dialects in education, the study noted that the vocabularies of the four dialect areas were used in the textbooks and National Exams, but the share given to the dialect areas does not seem similar. The data analysis also divulged that the Eastern and the Western Dialect Areas were largely used and the Central Dialect was less used in Grade 8 textbooks and National Exams. Besides, the research depicted that the use of dialects shows similarities in the National Exams and textbooks when Afan Oromo is studied as a subject and used as a Medium of Instruction (MOI). Finally, recommendations were given based on the findings of the study.

The Yasaviyya in the Nasāʾim al-maḥabba of ʿAlī Shīr Navāʾī: A Case Study in Central Asian Hagiography

The Timurid statesman and poet ʿAlī Shīr Navāʾī (d. 906/1501) was the author of the first biographical dictionary (taẕkira) of Sufi saints to be written in the Central Asian dialect of Chaghatay Turkic. Although he started it as a translation of Nafaḥāt al-uns by Jāmī, he expanded upon that work by including many saints from Khurasan, India, and Turkestan. Of particular note are his entries for a clutch of Sufis associated with Aḥmad Yasavī, whom he described as the mashāʾīkh-i turk—the Turkish shaykhs. This was the first substantial overview of these saints in hagiographical literature, even though they had been active since the seventh/thirteenth century. The problem for historians is that Navāʾī supplies little by way of chronology for these saints, nor does he provide a clear indication of his sources. The problem for scholars of Sufism is that he provides little information on issues of doctrine or praxis. What is significant about this survey is its emphasis on the importance of hereditary descent among the shaykhs, suggesting that what was key to uniting them was not an institutional framework, but one of common genealogies from one of the immediate successors of Aḥmad Yasavī.

Loanword integration: A case study of Kisbajom Romani

The article discusses a contact-induced change in the original pattern of loanword integration as well as in the original system of inflection of xenoclitic nouns in the Vend Romani dialect subgroup of the South Central dialect group. This innovative noun integration pattern is applied to recently borrowed Hungarian nouns. The article shows that certain inflectional forms of these loanwords, namely the accusative forms, deviate both from the original xenoclitic inflectional forms and from the corresponding inflectional forms in Hungarian. Thus, these loanwords are neither integrated into the original xenoclitic classes, nor do they involve borrowing the respective Hungarian nouns together with their inflectional suffixes. In addition, the article demonstrates that these nouns lack any adaptation whatsoever, whereby a new, Hungarian, stress pattern and phonetic realisation of certain phonemes is introduced into Vend Romani.

Back to the Future: Tracking the Moral Imperative In, Of, and Through Samskara

U. R. Anantha Murthy’s Samskara has been predominantly read in terms of a temporal-ideological encounter in which an older, essentially fixed tradition faces off against the dynamics of a fledgling modernity. While there are instances in the text that lend themselves to such inference, the broad matrix within which the interpretations find articulation slants one’s reading of the novel in telling ways. This essay argues that the central dialectic in Samskara is not between tradition and modernity but between two forms of traditional thinking that conceive value and (human) reality differently. In making this argument, the essay offers an alternative, culturally oriented frame for reading Samskara in which narrative structure, form, and sense cohere to present a markedly different interpretive and moral trajectory.

Malagasy Dialect Divisions: Genetic versus Emblematic Criteria

This paper gives an overview of the literature on Malagasy dialect variety and the various Malagasy dialect classifications that have been proposed. It rejects the often held view that the way Malagasy dialects reflect the Proto- Austronesian phoneme sequences *li and *ti is a basic criterion for their genetic division. While the linguistic innovations shown in, respectively, central dialects (Merina, Betsileo, Sihanaka, Tanala) and southwestern dialects (Vezo, Mahafaly, Tandroy) clearly show that these groups form separate historical divisions, the linguistic developments in other (northern, eastern, and western) dialects are more difficult to interpret. The differences between Malagasy dialects are generally rather contained and do not seem to be the result of separate migration waves or the arrival of linguistically different migrant groups. The paper ends with a list of subgrouping criteria that will be useful for future research into the history of Malagasy dialects.