Central Conserved Sequence Block Research Articles

The complete mitochondrial genome of Coilia grayii (Clupeiformes: Engraulidae)

In this study, the complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) sequence of Coilia grayii has been determined by long polymerase chain reaction and primer walking methods. The mitogenome is a circular molecule of 16,851 bp in length and contains 37 mitochondrial genes including 13 protein-coding genes, 2 ribosomal RNA (rRNA), 22 transfer RNAs (tRNAs) and a control region as other bony fishes. Within the control region, we identified the termination-associated sequence domain (TAS), the central conserved sequence block domains (CSB-F, CSB-E and CSB-D), and the conserved sequence block domains (CSB-1, CSB-2 and CSB-3).

Mitochondrial DNA variability to explore the relationship complexity of Schizothoracine (Teleostei: Cyprinidae).

Despite numerous studies on the taxonomy of a highly complex group of schizothoracine (snow trouts), with over five recognized species from Kashmir, India (Schizothorax niger, Schizothorax esocinus, Schizothorax plagiostomus, Schizothorax curvifrons and Schizothorax labiatus) based on traditional morphological data, the relationships between these species is poorly understood and the taxonomic validity is still under debate. To resolve the evolutionary relationships among these species, we sequenced mitochondrial fragments, including 16Sr RNA, Cytb and the D-loop. Separate analyses of 16S and Cytb showed intermixing of the species and 16S was found more conserved than Cytb. The D-loop was found highly variable and showed length variation between and within species. Length variation was observed in di-nucleotide (TA)n microsatellite repeats with a variable number of repeat units (n=7-14) that did not show heteroplasmy. Central conserved sequence blocks (CSBs) in D-loop sequences were found comparable to other vertebrate species. All phylogenetic reconstructions recovered the focal taxa as a monophyletic clade within the schizothoracines. Analyses with combined mitochondrial data sets showed close genetic relationships of all the five species. In addition to a close relationship between S. niger and S. curvifrons, two distinct groupings of S. ecoscinus and S. plagiostomus were supported by all the analyses. This study gives an insight into molecular phylogeny of the species and improves our understanding of historical and taxonomic relationships derived from morphological and ecological studies.

The complete mitochondrial genome of Sillago indica (Perciformes: Sillaginidae)

In this study, the complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) sequence of Sillago indica has been determined by long polymerase chain reaction and primer walking methods. The complete mitochondrial genome is a circular molecule of 16,647 bp in length and contains 37 mitochondrial genes (13 protein-coding genes, 2 ribosomal RNA (rRNA), 22 transfer RNA (tRNA)), and a control region as other bony fishes. Within the control region, we identified the termination-associated sequence domain (TAS), the central conserved sequence block domains (CSB-F, CSB-E, CSB-D and CSB-C), and the conserved sequence block domains (CSB-1, CSB-2 and CSB-3).

The complete mitochondrial genome of Lota lota (Gadiformes: Gadidae) from the Burqin River in China

In this study, the complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) sequence of Lota lota has been determined by long polymerase chain reaction and primer walking methods. The mitogenome is a circular molecule of 16,519 bp in length and contains 37 mitochondrial genes including 13 protein-coding genes, 2 ribosomal RNA (rRNA), 22 transfer RNA (tRNA) and a control region as other bony fishes. Within the control region, we identified the termination-associated sequence domain (TAS), the central conserved sequence block domains (CSB-F and CSB-D), and the conserved sequence block domains (CSB-1, CSB-2 and CSB-3).

The complete mitochondrial genome of Lota lota (Gadiformes: Gadidae)

In this study, the complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) sequence of Lota lota has been determined by long polymerase chain reaction and primer walking methods. The mitogenome is a circular molecule of 16,547 bp in length and contains 37 mitochondrial genes including 13 protein-coding genes, 2 ribosomal RNA (rRNA), 22 transfer RNA (tRNA) and a control region as other bony fishes. Within the control region, we identified the termination-associated sequence domain (TAS), the central conserved sequence block domains (CSB-F and CSB-D), and the conserved sequence block domains (CSB-1, CSB-2 and CSB-3).

The complete mitochondrial genome of Sillago asiatica (Perciformes: Sillaginidae)

In this study, the complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) sequence of Sillago asiatica has been determined by long polymerase chain reaction and primer walking methods. The complete mitochondrial genome is a circular molecule of 16,493 bp in length and contains 37 mitochondrial genes (13 protein-coding genes, 2 ribosomal RNA (rRNA), 22 transfer RNA (tRNA)), and a control region as other bony fishes. Within the control region, we identified the termination-associated sequence domain (TAS), the central conserved sequence block domains (CSB-F, CSB-E and CSB-D), and the conserved sequence block domains (CSB-1, CSB-2 and CSB-3).

The complete mitochondrial genome of Coilia nasus (Clupeiformes: Engraulidae) from Ariake Sea

In this study, the complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) sequence of Coilia nasus has been determined by long polymerase chain reaction and primer walking methods. The mitogenome is a circular molecule of 16,900 bp in length and contains 37 mitochondrial genes including 13 protein-coding genes, 2 ribosomal RNA (rRNA), 22 transfer RNA (tRNA) and a control region as other bony fishes. Within the control region, we identified the termination-associated sequence domain (TAS), the central conserved sequence block domains (CSB-F, CSB-E and CSB-D), and the conserved sequence block domains (CSB-1, CSB-2 and CSB-3).

The complete mitochondrial genome of Coilia nasus (Clupeiformes: Engraulidae) from the coast of Ningbo in China

In this study, the complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) sequence of Coilia nasus has been determined by long polymerase chain reaction and primer walking methods. The mitogenome is a circular molecule of 16,896 bp in length and contains 37 mitochondrial genes including 13 protein-coding genes, 2 ribosomal RNA (rRNA), 22 transfer RNA (tRNA) and a control region as other bony fishes. Within the control region, we identified the termination-associated sequence domain (TAS), the central conserved sequence block domains (CSB-F, CSB-E and CSB-D), and the conserved sequence block domains (CSB-1, CSB-2 and CSB-3).

The complete mitochondrial genome of Nibea coibor (Perciformes: Sciaenidae)

In this study, the complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) sequence of Nibea coibor has been determined by long polymerase chain reaction and primer walking methods. The complete mitochondrial genome is 16,509 bp in length and contains 37 mitochondrial genes (13 protein-coding genes, 2 ribosomal RNA (rRNA), 22 transfer RNA (tRNA)) and a control region as other bony fishes. Within the control region, we identified the termination-associated sequence domain (TAS), the central conserved sequence block domains (CSB-F, CSB-E, CSB-D and CSB-C), and the conserved sequence block domains (CSB-2, CSB-3).

The complete mitogenome of Coilia nasus (Clupeiformes, Engraulidae) from Poyang Lake

In this study, the complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) sequence of Coilia nasus had been determined by long PCR and primer walking methods. The complete mitochondrial genome is 16,896 bp in length and contains 37 mitochondrial genes (13 protein-coding genes, 2 ribosomal RNA genes and 22 transfer RNA genes) as well as a control region (CR) as other bony fishes. Within the control region, we identified the extended termination associated sequence domain (ETAS), the central conserved sequence block domain (CSB-D, SCB-E and CSB-F) and the conserved sequence block domain (CSB-1, CSB-2 and CSB-3).

The complete mitochondrial genome of Saurida umeyoshii (Aulopiformes: Synodontidae)

In this study, the complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) sequence of Saurida umeyoshii has been determined by long polymerase chain reaction and primer walking methods. The complete mitochondrial genome is 16,546 bp in length and contains 37 mitochondrial genes (13 protein-coding genes, 2 ribosomal RNA (rRNA), 22 transfer RNA (tRNA)), and a control region as other bony fishes. Within the control region, we identified the termination-associated sequence domain (TAS), the central conserved sequence block domains (CSB-F, CSB-E, CSB-D, CSB-C, CSB-B and CSB-A), and the conserved sequence block domains (CSB-1, CSB-2 and CSB-3).

The complete mitochondrial genome of Saurida undosquamis (Aulopiformes: Synodontidae)

In this study, the complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) sequence of Saurida undosquamis has been determined by long polymerase chain reaction and primer walking methods. The complete mitochondrial genome is 16,550 bp in length and contains 37 mitochondrial genes (13 protein-coding genes, 2 ribosomal RNA (rRNA), 22 transfer RNA (tRNA)), and a control region as other bony fishes. Within the control region, we identified the termination-associated sequence domain (TAS), the central conserved sequence block domains (CSB-F, CSB-E, CSB-D, CSB-C, CSB-B and CSB-A), and the conserved sequence block domains (CSB-1, CSB-2 and CSB-3).

Structure of mitochondrial DNA control region of Pholis fangi and its phylogenetic implication

In this study, the entire mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region (CR) of Pholis fangi was amplified via polymerase chain reaction followed by direct sequencing. The length of the mtDNA CR consensus sequence of P. fangi was 853 bp in length. In accordance with the recognition sites as were previously reported in fish species, the mtDNA CR sequence of P. fangi can be divided into 3 domains, i.e., the extended terminal associated sequence (ETAS), the central conserved sequence block (CSB), and the CSB domain. In addition, the following structures were identified in the mtDNA CR sequence of P. fangi: 2 ETASs in the ETAS domain (TAS and cTAS), 6 CSBs in the central CSB domain (CSB-F to CSB-A), and 3 CSBs in the CSB domain (CSB-1 to CSB-3). These demonstrated that the structure of the mtDNA CR of P. fangi was substantially different from those of most other fish species. The mtDNA CR sequence of P. fangi contained one conserved region from 656 bp to 815 bp. Similar to most other fish species, P. fangi has no tandem repeat sequences in its mtDNA CR sequence. Phylogenetic analysis based on the complete mtDNA CR sequences showed that there were no genetic differences within P. fangi populations of the same geographical origin and between P. fangi populations of different geographical origins.

The complete mitochondrial genome of Pampus chinensis (Perciformes: Stromateidae)

Long PCR and primer walking methods are employed for determining the complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) sequence of Pampus chinensis. The mitogenome is a circular molecule of 16,534 bp in length including the structure of 13 protein-coding genes, 2 ribosomal RNA genes, 22 transfer RNA genes and 2 non-coding regions (L-strand replication origin and control region). Within the control region, we identify the termination-associated sequence domain (TAS), central conserved sequence block domains (CSB-F, CSB-E and CSB-D), and conserved sequence blocks (CSB-1, CSB-2 and CSB-3).

The complete mitochondrial genome of Saurida microlepis (Aulopiformes: Synodontidae)

In this study, the complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) sequence of Saurida microlepis has been determined by long PCR and primer walking methods. The complete mitochondrial genome is a circular molecule of 16,510 bp in length and contains the same set of 37 mitochondrial genes (13 protein-coding genes, 2 ribosomal RNA (rRNA), 22 transfer RNA (tRNA)), and a control region as other bony fishes. Within the control region, we identified the termination-associated sequence domain (TAS), the central conserved sequence block domains (CSB-F, CSB-E, CSB-D, CSB-C, CSB-B and CSB-A), and the conserved sequence block domains (CSB-1, CSB-2 and CSB-3).

The complete mitochondrial genome of the tessellated leatherjacket Thamnaconus tessellatus (Tetraodontiformes: Monacanthidae)

The long PCR and primer walking methods were applied for obtaining the complete mitochondrial genome of the tessellated leatherjacket Thamnaconus tessellatus. The complete mitochondrial genome was 16,437 bp in length and contained 13 protein-coding genes, 2 ribosomal RNA genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, an origin of L-strand replication and a control region. The arrangements and characteristics of these segments shared common features with other teleosts. Extended termination associated sequence domain (TAS, cTAS), central conserved sequence block domain (CSB-F, CSB-E, CSB-D) and conserved sequence block domain (CSB-1, CSB-2, CSB-3) were identified in the control region.

The complete mitochondrial genome of the juvenile Pacific bluefin tuna Thunnus orientalis (Perciformes, Scombridae)

The complete mitochondrial genome of the juvenile Pacific bluefin tuna Thunnus orientalis collected from Sea of Japan was determined by next-generation sequencing. The mitogenome is a circular molecule 16,529 bp in length, including the typical structure of 13 protein-coding genes, 2 ribosomal RNA genes, 22 transfer RNA genes and a control region. The termination-associated sequence (TAS), central conserved sequence blocks (CSB) and CSB were detected in the control region. The gene contents of the mitogenome are identical to those observed in most bony fishes.

Characterization of the mitochondrial genome of the Shortfin scad Decapterus macrosoma (Perciformes: Carangidae)

The complete mitochondrial genome sequence of Decapterus macrosoma has been obtained with overlapped polymerase chain reaction. The genome was 16,545 bp in length which contained 13 protein-coding genes, 22 tRNA genes, 2 rRNA genes and 2 non-coding regions (the control region and the light strand replication origin). Gene organization was similar to that observed in most other vertebrates. With the exception of the ND6 and eight tRNA genes, all other genes were encoded on the heavy strand. The genome was composed of 27.0% A, 30.4% C, 25.4% T and 17.2% G, showing an obvious anti-G bias commonly observed in teleosts. Two termination-associated sequence regions (TAS-1 and TAS-2), three central conserved sequence blocks (CSB-F, CSB-E and CSB-D), and three conserved sequence blocks (CSB-1, CSB-2 and CSB-3) were identified within the control region. The sequence data of D. macrosoma could provide useful information for the studies on molecular systematics and population genetics.

The complete mitochondrial genome of Japanese Ammodytes personatus (Perciformes, Ammodytidae)

The mitochondrial genome of Japanese Ammodytes personatus is a circular molecule of 16,527 bp in length, including 13 protein-coding genes, 2 ribosomal RNA genes, 22 transfer RNA genes and 2 non-coding regions (control region and L-strand replication origin OL). The mitogenome exhibits the canonical gene arrangement as those of most vertebrates, the nucleotide composition of which reveals an obvious anti-G bias. In the control region, we identified the termination-associated sequence domain, the central conserved sequence block domains (F, E, D, C, B and A), and CSB domains (1, 2 and 3).

Characteristics and phylogenetic analysis of mitochondrial genome in the gobies

The vast number of species, small size and high variation of morphology make the morphological identification and classification of gobies very difficult. In this study, the complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of 26 species of gobies was analyzed, aiming at accumulating the molecular information on the identification, classification and molecular evolution of gobies. The results showed that the gene composition and arrangement of mitogenome of gobies are similar to most vertebrates. Due to various degrees of repetitive sequences in the control region, the mitogenome of 26 gobies exhibits a great variation in length. The A+T content of the mitogenome is greater than 50% and the lowest frequency is for G among the four bases. Thirty-seven coding gene sequences were used to calculate the average Kimura 2-parameter genetic distance of 26 species of gobies. Acanthogobius hasta and A. ommaturus, Glossogobius olivaceus and G circumspectus were synonyms, respectively. By comparing the control region sequences of 26 gobies, the terminal associated sequences, central conserved sequence block and conserved sequence block were identified, respectively. Thirty-six coding gene sequences of 26 gobies were used to construct the phylogenetic tree and the results were different from the traditional morphological classification. The five subfamilies of Gobiidae were obviously evolved: Amblyopinae, Oxudercinae and Sicydiinae were clustered into a group and then formed a sister group with Gobionellinae; the fishes of Gobiinae had distant relationship with the four subfamilies and formed a group alone. Molecular clock analysis estimated that gobies probably originated in the late Eocene to Oligocene time and further evolved into modern characteristic gobies in the Miocene.