Central Composite Design Optimization Research Articles

Celecoxib Nanoformulations with Enhanced Solubility, Dissolution Rate, and Oral Bioavailability: Experimental Approaches over In Vitro/In Vivo Evaluation.

Celecoxib (CXB) is a Biopharmaceutical Classification System (BCS) Class II molecule with high permeability that is practically insoluble in water. Because of the poor water solubility, there is a wide range of absorption and limited bioavailability following oral administration. These unfavorable properties can be improved using dry co-milling technology, which is an industrial applicable technology. The purpose of this study was to develop and optimize CXB nanoformulations prepared by dry co-milling technology, with a quality by design approach to maintain enhanced solubility, dissolution rate, and oral bioavailability. The resulting co-milled CXB composition using povidone (PVP), mannitol (MAN) and sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) showed the maximum solubility and dissolution rate in physiologically relevant media. Potential risk factors were determined with an Ishikawa diagram, important risk factors were selected with Plackett-Burman experimental design, and CXB compositions were optimized with Central Composite design (CCD) and Bayesian optimization (BO). Physical characterization, intrinsic dissolution rate, solubility, and stability experiments were used to evaluate the optimized co-milled CXB compositions. Dissolution and permeability studies were carried out for the resulting CXB nanoformulation. Oral pharmacokinetic studies of the CXB nanoformulation and reference product were performed in rats. The results of in vitro and in vivo studies show that the CXB nanoformulations have enhanced solubility (over 4.8-fold (8.6 ± 1.06 µg/mL vs. 1.8 ± 0.33 µg/mL) in water when compared with celecoxib pure powder), and dissolution rate (at least 85% of celecoxib is dissolved in 20 min), and improved oral pharmacokinetic profile (the relative bioavailability was 145.2%, compared to that of Celebrex®, and faster tmax 3.80 ± 2.28 h vs. 6.00 ± 3.67 h, indicating a more rapid absorption rate).

Central Composite Design for Optimization of Mitomycin C-Loaded Quantum Dots/Chitosan Nanoparticles as Drug Nanocarrier Vectors

Cancer is one of the most devastating diseases that leads to a high degree of mortality worldwide. Hence, extensive efforts have been devoted to the development of drug nanocarrier vectors as a potential new cancer treatment option. The main goal of this treatment is to deliver an anticancer medicine successfully and effectively to the patient's cells using non-toxic nanocarriers. Here, we present a drug delivery system to emphasize the optimization of an anticancer drug-loaded formulation using Mitomycin C (MMC) encapsulated in chitosan nanocarrier conjugated with a bioimaging fluorescence probe of Mn:ZnS quantum dots (MMC@CS-Mn:ZnS). Additionally, the Response Surface Methodology (RSM), which uses a quadratic model to forecast the behaviour of the nano-drug delivery system, was used to assess the optimization of encapsulation efficiency. In this investigation, the core points of the Central Composite Design (CCD) model were used with 20 runs and 6 replications. The encapsulation efficiency (EE%) was measured using UV-Vis spectroscopy at 362 nm. The highest EE% is 55.31 ± 3.09 under the optimum parameters of incubation time (105 min), concentration of MMC (0.875 mg/mL), and concentration of nanocarriers (5.0 mg/mL). Physicochemical characterizations for the nanocarriers were accessed using a nanosizer and field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). Three independent variables for the evaluation of the encapsulation efficiency were used, in which the incubation time, concentration of MMC, concentration of nanocarriers, and correlation for each variable were studied. Furthermore, the MMC drug release efficiency was carried out in four different solution pHs of 5.5, 6.0, 6.5, 7.0, and pH 7.5, and the highest cumulative drug release of 81.44% was obtained in a pH 5.5 release medium, followed by cumulative releases of 68.55%, 50.91%, 41.57%, and 32.45% in release mediums with pH 6.0, pH 6.5, pH 7.0, and pH 7.5. Subsequently, five distinct mathematical models-pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, Hixson-Crowell, Korsmeyer-Peppas, and Higuchi kinetic models-were used to fit all of the drug release data. The Korsmeyers-Peppas model was found to fit it well, highlighting its importance for the log of cumulative drug release proportional to the log of time at the equilibrium state. The correlation coefficient value (R2) was obtained as 0.9527, 0.9735, 0.9670, 0.9754, and 0.9639 for the drug release in pH 5.5, pH 6.0, pH 6.5, pH 7.0, and pH 7.5, respectively. Overall, from the analysis, the as-synthesized MMC nanocarrier (MMC@CS-Mn:ZnS) synergistically elucidates the underlying efficient delivery of MMC and leverages the drug loading efficiency, and all these factors have the potential for the simultaneous curbing of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer reoccurrence and progression when applied to the real-time disease treatment.

Fabrication and Characterization of β-Cyclodextrin/Mosla Chinensis Essential Oil Inclusion Complexes: Experimental Design and Molecular Modeling.

Essential oils (EOs) are primarily isolated from medicinal plants and possess various biological properties. However, their low water solubility and volatility substantially limit their application potential. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to improve the solubility and stability of the Mosla Chinensis (M. Chinensis) EO by forming an inclusion complex (IC) with β-cyclodextrin (β-CD). Furthermore, the IC formation process was investigated using experimental techniques and molecular modeling. The major components of M. Chinensis 'Jiangxiangru' EOs were carvacrol, thymol, o-cymene, and terpinene, and its IC with β-CD were prepared using the ultrasonication method. Multivariable optimization was studied using a Plackett-Burman design (step 1, identifying key parameters) followed by a central composite design for optimization of the parameters (step 2, optimizing the key parameters). SEM, FT-IR, TGA, and dissolution experiments were performed to analyze the physicochemical properties of the ICs. In addition, the interaction between EO and β-CD was further investigated using phase solubility, molecular docking, and molecular simulation studies. The results showed that the optimal encapsulation efficiency and loading capacity of EO in the ICs were 86.17% and 8.92%, respectively. Results of physicochemical properties were different after being encapsulated, indicating that the ICs had been successfully fabricated. Additionally, molecular docking and dynamics simulation showed that β-CD could encapsulate the EO component (carvacrol) via noncovalent interactions. In conclusion, a comprehensive methodology was developed for determining key parameters under multivariate conditions by utilizing two-step optimization experiments to obtain ICs of EO with β-CD. Furthermore, molecular modeling was used to study the mechanisms involved in molecular inclusion complexation.

Simultaneous removal of Basic blue and Toluidine blue O dyes by Magnetic Fe3O4@polydopamine nanoparticle as an efficient adsorbent using derivative spectrophotometric determination and central composite design optimization

• Toluidine blue (TO) and basic blue (BB) dyes can be removed simultaneously from aqueous solutions in a simple and rapid manner. • The experimental design was used to analyze variables' interaction and achieve optimal conditions. • In order to analyze dye concentrations, derivative spectrophotometry was used. • Pseudo-second-order kinetics is consistent with adsorption kinetics data. • FT-IR, SEM, VSM, and XRD analyses were performed on the novel sorbent to characterize it. Simultaneous determination and removal of Toluidine blue (TO) and basic blue (BB) dyes by dopamine-modified magnetic nanoparticles was considered. Nanomagnetic oxide coated with polydopamine (PDA) acid is introduced as a new and efficient adsorbent to remove cationic dyes in a binary mixture solution. Characterization of the Fe 3 O 4 and Fe 3 O 4 @PDA nanoparticles was also supported by FT-IR, XRD, SEM, and VSM analysis. First-order derivative spectrophotometry is employed to simultaneously determine TO and BB in a binary mixture. Linear range for TO and BB in binary mixture obtained by least square equations (y= 0.00014x+ 0.00013 and y= - 0.00136x- 0.00487) were 2-20 mg L -1 and limit of detection 0.4 and 0.3 mg L -1 , respectively. The effect of independent factors such as pH, dye’s initial concentration (C 0 ), and adsorbent amount (m) on the dyes adsorption process was investigated. The response surface methodology was employed by running a central composite design (CCD) to obtain optimal values for dye removal percent. It leads to optimum conditions as follows: pH= 10˛ m=25 (mg), C TO =320 (mg L -1 ), C BB =350 (mgL -1 ), %R TO =85, %R BB =80. Kinetic data followed a pseudo-second-order model while equilibrium data were well described by the Freundlich model. Using Langmuir's isotherm, the maximum monolayer uptake capacity q max for single system and binary systems, respectively, were 381 mg g -1 and 355 mg g -1 for BB, and 362 mg g -1 340 mg g -1 for TO. The negative value of △G o and the positive value of △H o (12.52 kJ mol -1 for TO and 12.98 kJ mol -1 for BB) demonstrated the spontaneous and endothermic nature of both dyes' adsorption.

Central composite design optimization of active and physical properties of food packaging films based on chitosan/gelatin/pomegranate peel extract

Chitosan and gelatin-based materials containing pomegranate peel extract were prepared for potential application as food packaging materials. An optimized composition of 0.8% chitosan, 0.2% gelatin and 1 mg g-1 of extract was chosen with the aid of a central composite design, presenting low viscosity (8.36 ± 0.20 Pa s) and solubility (26.00 ± 5.50%), as well as an expressive inhibition halo against Botrytis cinerea (6.17 ± 0.36 mm). The interaction between the polymeric matrix and the extract was confirmed by spectroscopic and morphological analysis. Rheologically, the optimized formulation was more resistant to deformation and shear (activation energy increased by almost 5 kJ mol-1) than the formulation without the extract. The use of pomegranate peel extract changed the film color, reduced its solubility (by more than 5%), increased mechanical resistance (tensile strength increased by 15 mPa), and improved light barrier properties by 30%. The extract also imparted antioxidant activity to the film, which was able to inhibit 20% of DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical at 38 mg mL-1. The optimized composition also showed inhibitory bacterial properties (31.2 and 125 µg mL-1) against S. aureus and S. enteritidis, respectively. Thus, the optimized film exhibited interesting characteristics for food packaging applications, many of them brought by the use of pomegranate peel extract, which highlights the valuable contribution of this agro-industrial waste to the properties of the polymeric films.

In-Vitro Release of the Anticancer Agent Chlorogenic Acid Using β–Cyclodextrin/Folic Acid Functionalized Magnetic CoFe2O4/SWCNT as Magnetic Targeted Delivery Carrier: Central Composite Design Optimization Study

In-Vitro Release of the Anticancer Agent Chlorogenic Acid Using β–Cyclodextrin/Folic Acid Functionalized Magnetic CoFe2O4/SWCNT as Magnetic Targeted Delivery Carrier: Central Composite Design Optimization Study

RESPONSE SURFACE METHODOLOGY FOR OPTIMIZATION OF PERACETIC ACID PRETREATMENT OF PULP TO REDUCE POLLUTANTS FROM BLEACHING EFFLUENT

Pulp bleaching processes emit many toxic substances. Peracetic acid (PAA) has been long recognized as an efficient bleaching agent for cellulose pulps. In the present study, 20 runs were conducted using response surface methodology (RSM) through central composite design for optimization of peracetic acid treatment of hardwood pulp, as a pretreatment step before applying conventional bleaching. Three factors, namely temperature (50-80 °C), time (0.5-2.0 h) and PAA dose (0.5-2.0%), were investigated to find out their impact on the kappa number, yield, brightness and viscosity of the pulp. The findings revealed that the peracetic acid dose of 1.0% at 80 °C for 1.0 h was the most suitable to obtain pulp of kappa number 10.2, yield of 96.87%, brightness of 43.6% ISO and viscosity of 11.7 cP. FTIR analysis revealed that the peracetic acid pretreatment of the pulp led to lower lignin content, compared to untreated pulp, but also reduced the bleaching effluent parameters, such as BOD, COD, TDS, color and AOX, by 43.0%, 55.7%, 31.9%, 51.4% and 51.1%, respectively.

Superparamagnetic Tragacanth Coated Fe3O4@SiO2 Nanoparticles for the Loading and Delivery of Metformin.

A novel superparamagnetic nano-composite of Fe3O4@SiO2 coated by tragacanth gum (TG) as a natural product has been prepared. The obtained SiO2@Fe3O4@TG nanoparticles were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, energy dispersive X-ray analysis, scanning electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering analyzer. The magnetic nano-composite was applied for the loading and delivery of metformin, an oral diabetes medicine. The conditions for the loading of the drug were optimized by a central composite design optimization method. The maximum loading efficiency of the sorbent for metformin was obtained at pH 7 and its maximum in-vitro release was achieved at pH 1.6, using a phosphate-buffered saline medium. The loading capacity of the sorbent was dependent on the initial metformin concentration and exceeded to 19.6 mg/g in a 200 mg/L solution. A study of the adsorption isotherms for the drug indicated the best fitting into the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms at the low and high metformin concentrations, respectively. The results indicated that the prepared Fe3O4@SiO2@TG adsorbent, as a non-toxic and low-cost sorbent, was quite appropriate for drug delivery applications.

Repurposing levocetirizine hydrochloride loaded into cationic ceramide/phospholipid composite (CCPCs) for management of alopecia: central composite design optimization, in- silico and in-vivo studies

Levocetirizine hydrochloride (LVC) is an antihistaminic drug that is repurposed for the treatment of alopecia. This investigation is targeted for formulating LVC into cationic ceramide/phospholipid composite (CCPCs) for the management of alopecia. CCPCs were fabricated by ethanol-injection approach, through a central composite experiment. CCPCs were evaluated by inspecting their entrapment efficiency (EE%), polydispersity index (PDI), particle size (PS), and zeta potential (ZP). The optimum CCPCs were additionally studied by in-vitro, ex-vivo, in-silico, and in-vivo studies. The fabricated CCPCs had acceptable EE%, PS, PDI, and ZP values. The statistical optimization elected optimum CCPCs composed of 5 mg hyaluronic acid, 10 mg ceramide III, and 5 mg dimethyldidodecylammonium bromide employing phytantriol as a permeation enhancer. The optimum CCPCs had EE%, PS, PDI, and ZP of 88.36 ± 0.34%, 479.00 ± 50.34 nm, 0.377 ± 0.0035, and 20.20 ± 1.13 mV, respectively. The optimum CCPC maintained its stability for up to 90 days. It also viewed vesicles of tube shape via transmission electron microscope. The in-silico assessment resulted in better interaction and stability between LVC and vesicle components in water. The ex-vivo and in-vivo assessments showed satisfactory skin retention of LVC from optimum CCPCs. The histopathological assessment verified the safety of optimum CCPCs to be topically applied. Overall, the optimum CCPCs could be utilized as a potential system for the topical management of alopecia, with a prolonged period of activity, coupled with reduced LVC shortcomings.

Application of Central Composite Design for Optimization of Adsorption of Chromium(VI) by Spirulina platensis Algae Biomass

Algal biomass from Spirulina platensis has been tested for the adsorption of chromium (VI) in aqueous effluents. The study was conducted using a central composite experimental design. The selected variables were: biomass (0.25–0.75 mg), initial chromium concentration (100–500 mg/L), and contact time (3–8 h). This study proved that spirulina biomass shows good adsorption capacity in the experimental space selected for the central composite experimental design (CCD). The maximum adsorption capacity was 40 mg Cr/g of biomass in the tests with 500 mg/L of Cr(VI) and 0.25 g of spirulina. The statistical analysis confirmed that the adsorption capacity can be modelled using a linear equation that only depends on the initial chromium concentration and the biomass dose. These results suggest that the adsorption of Cr in spirulina raw biomass can be considered in the development of large-scale applications.

Prediction and optimization of biodiesel production by using ANN and RSM

This experimental work examined the prediction and optimization of biodiesel production from pomegranate seed oil using Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) and Response Surface Methodology (RSM) with central composite design and The transesterification method chosen for biodiesel production. The Central Composite Design (CCD) optimization conditions were methanol/oil molar ratio (3:1 to 11:1), catalyst rate (0.5 wt% to 1.50 wt%), temperature (50 ℃ to 70 ℃) and time (45 min to 105 min). The process factors were optimized by using CCD based on the RSM method and developed an ANN model to predict biodiesel yield. The optimum yield was found 95.68% with optimum process parameters as 8.01:1 methanol/oil molar ratio, 1.08 wt% catalyst rate, 70 ℃ temperature and 45 min time. The coefficient of determination (R2) acquired from the response surface methodology model is 0.9887 and is better when compared to the coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.9691 acquired from the Artificial neural network model. According to the results, using RSM and ANN models is beneficial for optimizing and predicting the biodiesel production process.

Ethosome as Antigen Delivery Carrier: Optimization, Evaluation and Induction of Immunological Response via Nasal Route Against Hepatitis B

Aim The research focused on development and evaluation of ethosome as an effective delivery of antigen that eliminates need for frequent dose of antigen while improving patient compliance for Hepatitis B. Method Prepared a single dose HBsAg ethosomal vaccine using a cold method and applied a central composite design optimization using particles size, zeta potential and entrapment efficiency as dependent variables. Further, selected batch was assessed for their morphology, in vitro release, interaction, haemocompatibility, histological (ex-vivo skin permeation) and stability studies. Further, proceeded for in-vivo study, administered in BALB/c mice via nasal route to check the immunological activity and compared with single and multiple doses of ethosome to booster doses of alum-HBsAg vaccine. Immunological marker like immunoglobulin (IgG and IgA) and cytokines (interleukin-2 and interferon-Y) were measured by ELISA techniques. Results The prepared ethosome showed minimum particle size (93.98 ± 4.6), 15.0 ± 2.83 mV zeta potential, with maximum entrapment efficiency (66.25 ± 8.6%). Physicochemical characterization reveal the sustained release, haemocampatibile, and stable nature of ethosome. Further, ex-vivo skin permeation showed safely administration of drug by nasal route without toxicity. The in vivo study, found the higher immunological response observed in BALB/c mice, compare to alum-HBsAg vaccine. The single dose of ethosome showed sufficient effective and measurable immunoglobulin and cytokines levels. Conclusion A single dose of ethosome is sufficient for the complete immunological response not require booster administration. The potency of ethosomes have to produce a protective immune response, as well as their ability to explore and target the immunological environment through nasal route.

Green extraction of hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) using microwave method for recovery of three valuable fractions (essential oil, phenolic compounds and cannabinoids): a central composite design optimization study.

Solvent-free microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) is a green extraction method capable of boosting the yield and quality profile of hemp essential oil when compared with other conventional extraction techniques. During this process, two by-products are produced, namely the aqueous residue containing bioactive phenolics and the residual deterpenated biomass, which can be used for further extraction and purification of phytocannabinoids. To date, the hemp industry has not utilized these products, although they can be valuable for the food, cosmetic, nutraceutical and pharmaceutical market. This study assessed and optimized the variables affecting MAE efficiency, namely microwave irradiation power, extraction time and added water, which were studied using a central composite design approach, and results were used to optimize the extraction process for recovering three valuable fractions: essential oil, polyphenols and phytocannabinoids. The products obtained using the optimized conditions were characterized in terms of yield, chemical profile and antioxidant potential. Moreover, the by-products obtained during the optimized run were further analyzed in terms of their biological activity using both enzymatic and non-enzymatic assays. The aqueous residue demonstrated a powerful α-glucosidase inhibition, a good activity in terms of superoxide radical scavenging activity, a modest efficacy in terms of inhibition of advanced glycation end products formation and no activity in terms of lipase inhibition. The residual deterpenated biomass did not possess significant biological activity. This work demonstrated valorization of industrial hemp essential oil and its by-products, obtained by a sustainable and eco-friendly extraction method, through an almost waste-free approach. Cannabinoids as well as other valuable bioactive compounds such as glycosidic flavones may be recovered from the residues of the essential oil extraction, representing interesting substances in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic and nutraceutical fields. © 2022 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.

Tri-objective central composite design optimization of co-gasification of eucalyptus biomass and polypropylene waste

Tri-objective central composite design optimization of co-gasification of eucalyptus biomass and polypropylene waste

Central composite design optimization study of the sorption of Bemacid blue Anthraquinone dye by Fe3O4-bentonite from a cupric medium

ABSTRACT The present research was devoted to the optimisation of the sorption of Bemacid Blue Anthraquinone dye (BB) in a cupric medium by a magnetic bentonite intercalated with iron oxide ‘Fe3O4’ (M-Bt). The structural and morphological characteristics of adsorbent was studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), BET specific surface area and Fourier Transformed Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis. A quadratic model was applied to assess and correlate the influential experimental variables using the central composite design (CCD) method. The results of the batch design experiments indicated that the four factors studied initial pH of the solution (1–5), contact time (5–25 min), concentration of copper (1–25% by weight) and the nature of counter ions (Cl−, SO4 −2, NO3 −) play an important role in the sorption process. The R2 = 0.9945 showed the consistency of the model with the experimental data; the predicted (RPred 2 = 0.9851) and fitted (RAdj 2 = 0.9068) reflected the robustness of the model. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) of the quadratic model showed that the model is highly significant and its percentage contribution in descending order is as follows: contact time (28%) > pH (27%) > nature of counter ions (23%) > copper concentration (15%). Applying the desirability function, an optimal removal efficiency of the BB dye by the Fe3O4/bentonite nanocomposite of 93.28% was obtained for a contact time of 21.49 min, a pH of 1.38 and a mass percentage of 12.97% Cu(cl)2. The three-dimensional graphs confirmed the relationships between the sorption of the BB dye and the factors studied, describing the behaviour of the sorption system in a batch process. However, the synthesis of bentonite intercalated with Fe3O4 could be considered as a potential adsorbent for the removal of Bemacid Blue dye in wastewater treatment.

Optimization of 2-Phenylethanol Production from Sweet Whey Fermentation Using Kluyveromyces marxianus

The growing demand for natural products benefits the development of bioprocesses to obtain value-added compounds using residues such as sweet whey, which is rich in lactose. The yeast Kluyveromyces marxianus can ferment sweet whey to obtain 2-phenylethanol (2-PhEtOH), which is a superior alcohol with a rose aroma. Such fermentation only requires the addition of L-phenylalanine (precursor) and (NH4)2SO4 (salt). Therefore, it was sought to improve the fermentation conditions to produce 2-PhEtOH, which, in turn, would achieve the maximum decrease in the Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) of the fermentation medium. With the use of the Response Surface Methodology and the application of a Central Composite Design for optimization, two parameters were evaluated as a function of time: salt concentration and precursor. The experimental data were adjusted to a second order polynomial, identifying that the precursor concentration presents a statistically significant effect. The best conditions were: 4.50 g/L of precursor and 0.76 g/L of salt, with a maximum production of 1.2 g/L (2-PhEtOH) at 48 h and achieving a maximum percentage of COD removal of 76% at 96 h. Finally, the optimal conditions were experimentally validated, recommending the use of the model.

Relative density and surface roughness prediction for Inconel 718 by selective laser melting: central composite design and multi-objective optimization

Relative density and surface roughness prediction for Inconel 718 by selective laser melting: central composite design and multi-objective optimization

Umbu Fruit Peel as Source of Antioxidant, Antimicrobial and α-Amylase Inhibitor Compounds.

Herein, the extraction of bioactive compounds from umbu fruit peel was optimized using thermal-assisted solid–liquid extraction. In parallel, antioxidant, antimicrobial, and inhibitory effects against α-amylase of optimized extract were also evaluated. The combination of operational conditions including the temperature (32–74 °C), ethanol concentration (13–97%), and solid/liquid ratio (1:10–1:60; w/v) was employed using a rotational central composite design for optimization. The extracts were evaluated for total phenolic compounds (TPC), total flavonoid compounds (TFC) and antioxidant capacity by ABTS•+, DPPH• and FRAP assays. The bioactive profile of the optimized extract was obtained by ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole/time-of-flight mass spectrometry in electrospray ionization in both negative and positive modes. The statistically evaluated results showed that the optimal operational conditions for the recovery of bioactive compounds from umbu fruit peel included 74 °C, 37% ethanol, and a solid–liquid ratio of 1:38. Under these conditions, the obtained values were 1985 mg GAE/100 g, 1364 mg RE/100 g, 122 µmol TE/g, 174 µmol/TE g and 468 µmol Fe2+/g for TPC, TFC, ABTS•+, DPPH•, and FRAP assays, respectively. In addition, the optimized extract was effective against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria (MBC ranged from 0.060 to 0.24 mg GAE/mL), as well as it was effective to inhibit α-amylase (IC50 value of 0.076 mg GAE/mL). The optimized extract showed to be mainly constituted by phenolic acids and flavonoids.

Using electro-peroxone process for petrochemical wastewater treatment: cost evaluation and statistical analysis

Using electro-peroxone process for petrochemical wastewater treatment: cost evaluation and statistical analysis

Central Composite Design Optimization of Active and Physical Properties of Food Packaging Films Based on Chitosan/Gelatin/Pomegranate Peel Extract

Central Composite Design Optimization of Active and Physical Properties of Food Packaging Films Based on Chitosan/Gelatin/Pomegranate Peel Extract