Central Board Research Articles

Analysis of law relating to censorship of literary and cinematographic works

Despite the fact that India produces more films per year than any other country, film certification for public exhibition has always been an arbitrary and politically charged procedure. The fact that the government appoints members of the Central Board of Film Certification (CBFC) rather than an industry or group independent of the government has resulted in the board being used to disburse political patronage. There have been instances when after getting certification of Films by censor board the films had to face violence or threats of violence or disruptions by self-styled protector of Indian values and fringe groups as it happened in the case of Ae Dil Hai Mushkil1 and Bahubali 22. All these instances lead us to the conclusion that there are unreasonably stringent on the freedom of speech and expression of authors and film-makers.

Assessment of Particulate Matters Especially PM2.5 and PM10 Concentration During and Before Lockdown in the Various Metropolitan Cities of India

This study was carried out to evaluate the concentration of particulate matter i.e. PM2.5 & PM10 in the selected metropolitan area (Mumbai, Delhi, Kolkata & Bengaluru). Data used and analysed in this research was taken from the official website of CPCB (Central Pollution Control Board). Analysis is done before and during the lockdown period. For the current analysis, data from the chosen parameters (Particulate Matter with a diameter equal to or less than 10 microns (PM10) and particulate matter with a diameter equal or less than 2.5 microns (PM2.5) are gathered and analysed from the source i.e. CPCP. Site wise, histogram analysis was also performed. The PM concentration is found to be the highest in Delhi, among all locations. During the study period, a clear association between PM10 and PM2.5 was observed at all the sites. A great change was observed in the values of Particulate Matter before and after the lockout cycles. In metro cities, values higher than PM10were found to be PM2.5, except for Bangalore, where values lower than PM10 were found to be PM2.5. During the lockdown, Bengaluru was least polluted while Delhi was the most polluted city among all these metropolitan cities. During the analysis it was observed that the level of Particulate Matter (PM) got reduced as all kind of anthropogenic activities were stopped. Vehicular activities and other construction work were also stopped so it helped to reduce the PM from the surroundings. COVID-19 brought a meaningful drive to combat all kind of air related pollution and it is observed during this research.

Prediction of PM2.5 Over Hyderabad Using Deep Learning Technique

Urbanization and Industrialization during the last few decades have increased air pollution causing harm to human health. Air pollution in metro cities turns out to be a serious environmental problem, especially in developing countries like India. The major environmental challenge is, to predict accurate air quality from pollutants. Envisaging air quality from pollutants like PM2.5, using the latest deep learning technique (LSTM timer series) has turned out to be a significant research area. The primary goal of this research paper is to forecast near-time pollution using the LSTM time series multivariate regression technique. The air quality data from Central Pollution Control Board over Hyderabad station has been used for the present study. All the processing is done in real-time and the system is found to be functionally very stable and works under all conditions. The Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) and R2 have been used as evaluation criteria for this regression technique. Further, the time series regression has been used to find the best fit model in terms of processing time to get the lowest error rate. The statistical model based on machine learning established a relevant prediction of PM2.5 concentrations from meteorological data.

I-SPY COVID adaptive platform trial for COVID-19 acute respiratory failure: rationale, design and operations

IntroductionThe COVID-19 pandemic brought an urgent need to discover novel effective therapeutics for patients hospitalised with severe COVID-19. The Investigation of Serial studies to Predict Your Therapeutic Response with Imaging...

Noise Mapping during New Year Eve in selected residential zone of Raipur City

Noise can be said to be invisible danger which present in our environment. Monitoring and mitigating of noise is very much important to build a health environment. This study mapped the noise levels increased during the New Year Eve 2022 of selected residential area of Raipur City. Increase in the levels of noise was seen during the Eve due to burning of crackers and use of loudspeakers during the celebrations. Five locations were selected for the study and noise map was prepared for pre and post New Year Eve 2022. From the map all the five locations showed higher noise levels (above 70dBA pre Eve and above 67dBA post Eve) than the prescribed limit (above 55 dBA day time and 45 dBA night time) of Central Pollution Control Board, New Delhi.

Physiochemical and Microbial Analysis of Wastewater from Food Industry Effluent near Kuthrel area, Durg District, Chhattisgarh

Abstract: Physiochemical analysis of waste water effluent of food industry has been an intriguing subject in recent years because of issues related to water pollution. Industrial effluent discharge act as one of the major factor that contributes water pollution. Since literatures mentioning physiochemical profile of food industries effluent from Chhattisgarh origin were few. The present study intends to study physico-chemical parameters and microbial analysis of waste water of food industry effluent near kuthrel area from durg district. Results revealed slightly basic nature of the effluent. Value of Dissolved Oxygen (DO) was low whereas, high TDS and COD values were observed suggesting high amount of organic matter present in the effluent. BOD level was under the standard discharge range according to Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB). However microbial analysis of effluent indicated high microbial population with gram negative bacteria and some fungal species which suggests that the effluent must need more adequate and proper treatment before its discharge to reduce microbial load so as to prevent contamination of water bodies into which the effluent might get discharged. Keywords: Effluent, food industry, physiochemical parameters, microbial analysis, rural area

ACADEMIC TASK COMMITMENT AND ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT THE INTER CHARACTERISTICS OF ACADEMIC OUTCOMES

This research paper is an attempt to understandcommitment and achievement which are very important in predicting individual and group success in any endeavor. Research has shown that commitment invariably has a major impact on behavioral outcomes connected to task performance. Task performance leads to achievement which has a very crucial impact on personality factorslike self-esteem, self-concept, emotional intelligence and other connected constructs. Environmental and social factors are also the contributing factors in commitment-achievement interplay.This paper studies academic task commitment vis-a-vis academic performance/achievement of high school students of select schools of Bangalore-India, belonging to three different boardsnamely Central Board of Secondary Education , Indian Council of Secondary Education and Karnataka State Board, each havingunique syllabus and board of examination. Gender and socio economic factors have been considered in the study. The results reveal the rejection of the null hypothesis which states that there was no significant relationship between Academic Task commitment and Academic Achievement among school children. The study also found that there was no significant difference in Academic Task Commitment among boys and girls due to gender. Further, the study found that there was no significant difference in Academic Achievement amongboys and girls due to gender. Finally, the null hypothesis which states that socio economic status difference has no significance in Academic Task Commitment among school children is accepted.Data analysis throws significant light and possible interplay between constructs that can be factored for designing very significant interventions with more detailed study on implications.

Treatment of starch‐rich wastewater using fly ash‐based low‐cost tubular ceramic membrane

AbstractImplementation of fly ash‐based ceramic tubular membranes in starch wastewater treatment can be considered as a cost‐effective approach towards treating huge quantities of wastewater generated in starch industries. The membrane used in this work possesses excellent chemical and mechanical stabilities and has average pore size of 0.133 μm and porosity of (40.17 ± 1.04)%. The permeate produced by treating wastewater from all three starch sources, namely corn, wheat, and rice, was absolutely free of total suspended solids and turbidity and contained slight chemical oxygen demand, which is under permissible limit for discharge into natural water bodies as prescribed by Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB), India. Besides, the experiments conducted revealed that along with applied pressure, cross‐flow velocity and size of starch granules can also play pivotal roles in determining the extent of flux decline. Moreover, the estimated cost of the fabricated membrane is 250.00 USD/m2, signifying that the membrane has affordability for being implemented in starch processing industries of all scale.

Utilizing cross-sector collaboration to improve access to behavioral health services in schools

ABSTRACT The benefits and challenges of cross-sector collaboration are well outlined in the literature on community network development. Two sectors, schools and community behavioral health agencies, often work with the same youth inasmuch as students with behavioral difficulties in schools may also receive services from behavioral health providers. The purpose of this article is to present a case study on the implementation of a screening, triage, and referral process developed by a Central Virginia school system and community service board as part of a collaborative network which may provide generalized lessons that other organizations consider when addressing behavioral problems in schools.

Effect of Combustible Fractions of a Sustainable Producer Gas Fuel on Spark Ignition Engine Combustion, Performance and Emission – An Experimental Analysis

This article addresses the effect of combustible components (hydrogen and methane) of a producer gas fuel on in-cylinder combustion, performance, and emissions of a modified spark ignition engine. Owing to the fluctuating tendency of an onsite gasifier produced producer gas composition, a dynamic behavior in engine combustion and performance was expected. Thus, the present study was motivated to investigate the magnitude of the engine response variables against the known fluctuating producer gas composition trend. Experiments were conducted using bottled fueled producer gas on 359 cm3 engine capacity at a compression ratio of 11:1 and 1500 rpm. Further, the engine was operated under naturally aspirated mode and close to stoichiometry. The analysis based on acquired in-cylinder data revealed that, the fractions of hydrogen and methane have a profound effect on combustion duration and specific fuel consumption. Further, the producer gas blends, leading to reduction in fuel gas consumption were identified. On emission front, carbon-monoxide and nitric oxide pollutants were predominant but within prescribed central pollution control board norms of India, especially at full load engine condition and hydrogen enriched blend respectively.

Field studies on monitoring the marine oil spill bioremediation site in Chennai

Oil spills have become a threat to the ecosystem by releasing the petroleum hydrocarbons and gained substantial public concern in the Chennai coast. This study assesses the effectiveness of bioremediation and its impact on the environment due to remedial operations in the site. Soil and water samples were collected from the bio remediation site at regular intervals of the pit from the topsoil and 20 cm below the ground level from June 2017 to Nov 2019. The average TPH concentration present in the bottom and top soil of bioremediation pit were vary in the range of 21,238.4–46,600 mg/kg and 17577–26910 mg/kg. Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) allowable limit for TPH concentration present in the soil should be 5000 mg/kg. We have also observed that the mixing was not uniform in the pit and major amount of oil has been penetrated deep inside the soil. Results on gravimetric analysis showed that there was still a large amount of untreated long-chain hydrocarbons are there in the pit. From the results, we can conclude that nC30-nC40 and lower carbon range alkane intermediates have to be treated with additional treatment like thermal smoldering and pyrolysis.

Factors affecting compliance with national accreditation essential safety standards in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Accreditation is a widespread culture internationally and nationally. The effectiveness of compliance with accreditation standards was positively correlated with health care settings’ performance in multiple aspects: leadership, professional performance, patient safety and organizational culture. There is limited knowledge of the national compliance rate with accreditation standards. Therefore, it is important to assess the hospital compliance with accreditation rate in the Kingdom Saudi Arabia (KSA) and its related factors. This paper presents a quantitative cross-sectional study. Data were extracted from the annual Essential Safety Requirement (ESR) survey database from the Central Board for Accreditation of Health care Institutions (CBAHI) research center during the period 2016 to 2018. Hospitals that started their operation after the first ESR survey round in 2016 or shut down during the study period were excluded. The hospital scoring was on a scale of 0 to 100 and classified as follows: score 2 if the hospital satisfactory compliance (Fully Met) was ≥ 80% and score 1 if particular compliance (Partially Met) was ≥ 50% to < 80%. Then, a score of 0 indicated insufficient compliance (Not Met) when < 50% and a score of not applicable (NA) if the standard does not apply to the hospital. A total of 437 hospitals were surveyed in 20 regions in the KSA and had an overall compliance rate on average that was higher among private hospitals than among public hospitals (77% vs. 66%). Overall, private hospitals had a significantly better compliance rate than public hospitals (mean rate = 84% vs. 68%, respectively, P = 0.019). Large hospitals had more compliance with some standards than smaller hospitals. After adjusting for the year of the survey report, the private hospital type was more compliant than the public hospital. This study supports mandatory accreditation programs for both public and private health sectors, with increased monitoring by the concerned parties (i.e., CBAHI and the Ministry of Health). The authors encourage the application of accreditation for specialized and independent health services.

EVALUATION OF ECONOMIC CHARACTERS OF C2 BREED OF ERI SILKWORM (Samia ricini, DONOVAN) REARED ON CASTOR (Ricinus communis) AND KESSERU (Heteropanax fragrans ROXB.) FOOD PLANT

Eri-silkworm Samia ricini (Donovan) is multivoltine and polyphagus in nature that can feed on various food plants and the yield of silkworm largely depends on the availability and supply of preferred food plants having good agronomics and nutritional value. Among all food plants, castor (Ricinus communis) is the primary food plant for eri-silkworm and kesseru stands second. The rearing performance of a high yielding breed of eri-silkworm C2 developed by central silk board, CMER&amp;TI, Ladoigarh, Jorhat also differ significantly when reared on different food plants. As successful production of eri silk rely on nutritive value of castor leaves and the economic parameters of eri silkworm are influenced by the food plant and their nutritive contents. Thus the study evaluation of economic characters of C2 breed of Eri-silkworm (Samia ricini, Donovan) reared on castor (Ricinus communis) and kesseru (Heteropanax fragrans) food plant was carried out in the laboratory of Nowgong College and all the quantitative parameters are noted accordingly. The results of the study revealed that performance of C2 breed with Castor leaves and it shows higher productivity in larval and cocoon parameters in comparison to Kesseru as a food plant.

The Impact of COVID-19 Strict Lockdown on the Air Quality of Smart Cities of Rajasthan, India

Aim: The main focus of this study is to evaluate the air quality by comparing the concentration of particulate matter PM2.5, PM10, NO2, CO, SO2, and ozone of smart cities of Rajasthan before the lockdown and during the period of lockdown. Background: In India, the first case of the COVID-19 was reported on January 30th, 2020. Indian government declared strict lockdown, i.e., public health emergency in India on March 24th, 2020, which is implemented from March 25th, 2020, to April 14th, 2020, for 21 days. Objective: The objective of this study is to evaluate the air quality by comparing the levels of all parameters of air pollution during the COVID-19 lockdown period with values registered in the pre-lockdown period. Methods: Data were obtained from four automatic monitoring stations under the control of the Central Pollution Control Board, New Delhi (https://www.cpcb.nic.in/). Data regarding all the parameters were recorded as 24 hours average period. Results: CO levels showed the highest significant reduction in Udaipur (50.76%) followed by Jaipur (19.96%), Ajmer (17.11%), and Kota (5.51%) due to the ban on transport and driving. The levels of PM2.5, PM10, NO2, and SO2 were also decreased substantially for each smart city. Ozone concentrations were recorded greater than before due to decreased nitrogen oxides levels. Conclusion: This study can be useful considering our present role in environmental restoration or environmental destruction. It will also be helpful in updating our present plan toward the assurance and conservation of nature.

Active surveillance of chemotherapy-related symptom burden in ambulatory cancer patients via the implementation of electronic patient-reported outcomes and sensor-enabled vital signs capture: protocol for a decentralised feasibility pilot study

IntroductionRemote patient monitoring (RPM) has emerged as a potential avenue for optimising the management of symptoms in patients undergoing chemotherapy. However, RPM is a complex, multilevel intervention with technology, workflow,...

Effectiveness and utility of an electronic intervention for appropriate benzodiazepine and Z-drugs prescription in psychiatric clinics: protocol for a multicentric, real-world randomised controlled trial in China

IntroductionBenzodiazepine receptor agonists (BZRAs), which include benzodiazepines and Z-drugs, are the most commonly prescribed psychotropic drugs worldwide, and their inappropriate use places a significant burden on public health. Given the...

Comparative effectiveness of paediatric kidney stone surgery (the PKIDS trial): study protocol for a patient-centred pragmatic clinical trial

IntroductionThe strength of the evidence base for the comparative effectiveness of three common surgical modalities for paediatric nephrolithiasis (ureteroscopy, shockwave lithotripsy and percutaneous nephrolithotomy) and its relevance to patients and...

Save the Ukrainian People First: They Carry their Culture in their Hearts

Save the Ukrainian People First: They Carry their Culture in their Hearts

JUDICIAL ATTITUDE TOWARDS THE RIVER POLLUTION IN INDIA: A CRITICAL ANALYSIS

With the recent judgment of the Honourable Supreme Court declaring the right to clean and pollution-free water as a fundamental right and registering a Suo moto case ‘Remediation of polluted rivers’ to look into the contamination of rivers has once again started a debate in the intelligentsia about the rejuvenation of rivers in India. The untreated discharge of sewage, silt, and garbage in the rivers and lakes has made around 80% of India’s water severely polluted. According to a report published by the Central Pollution Control Board, Indian cities only have 38% of the required installed sewage treatment capacity which is the largest river pollutant in India. River pollution is one of the major concerns in not only India but around the whole world. This paper focuses on the pollution of rivers in India especially by the tanneries at Kanpur and how the Courts were able to prevent point-source pollution in the rivers in India especially in the river Ganga. The paper argues that the courts have played an important role in the mitigation of the pollution and broadening the horizon of the rights to a clean environment but at times they have also restrained themselves from passing any order for the protection of the environment. The paper also proposes suggestions to mitigate the pollution and contamination in the Indian rivers and the legal emendations that can be taken to rejuvenate the same.

Survey-Based Study on Farmers’ Knowledge and Pattern of Using Insecticide on Different Crops in Aligarh District of Uttar Pradesh, India

Background: Agrochemicals can play a significant role in enhancing post-harvest crop productivity and protection. But over the years, there’s growing concern about the inaccurate use of pesticides in agriculture.Objective: To assess knowledge of farmers about pest management, perceptions of the kind and frequencies as well as severity of pests and disease, sources of information, awareness of farmers and safety measures followed during pesticide application.Methods: A random survey was conducted employing a standard structured questionnaire among 100 farmers in Wheat, Mustard and Paddy cultivating areas across the ten villages of Aligarh district, Uttar Pradesh, India.Results: Most ordinarily used pesticides applied by the farmers on different crops were Malathion, Cypermethrin and Chlorpyriphos. It was also observed during the survey that most of the farmers stored the pesticide bottles at safe places and the remaining in unsafe areas with no safety measures. It was found that no farmer was familiar even with Government Central Insecticides Board and Registration Committee (CIBRC)’s roles and guidelines about the use of labeled and unlabelled pesticide application. However, most of the farmers were mainly dependent by the recommendation of pesticide dealers.International Journal of Human and Health Sciences Vol. 06 No. 02 April’22 Page: 193-199