Central Arkansas Research Articles

Excessive Gestational Weight Gain, independent of Body Mass Index, Is Associated With Child Fat Mass Index at Age 2 Years in the Growing life, Optimizing Wellness Study

BackgroundExcessive gestational weight gain (eGWG) increases risk for pregnancy complications and future obesity for pregnant persons and children. Yet, it is unclear whether eGWG leads to higher child adiposity at 2 years, independent of the pregnant person’s body mass index (BMI) while considering important covariates. Moreover, understanding the characteristics of pregnant persons experiencing eGWG will help design future targeted interventions. ObjectiveThe objectives of the analyses were to assess the association between eGWG and childhood adiposity at age 2 years, while controlling for pregnant persons’ BMI and other important covariates and to describe the characteristics of pregnant persons who experience eGWG during their second pregnancy. DesignThis is a secondary analysis of 221 pregnant persons and their children aged 2 years who were enrolled in the Growing life, Optimizing Wellness longitudinal observational study. Participants/settingParticipants were recruited between 2011 and 2014 in central Arkansas. Participants were secundigravida persons with BMI 18.5 to 35, older than age 20 years, and who conceived without assistance. Main outcome measuresThe main outcome measure was fat mass index of children aged 2 years measured by quantitative nuclear magnetic resonance imaging. Secondary outcomes included first pregnancy GWG, dietary and physical activity characteristics between pregnancies, second pregnancy nausea levels, and motivation level to adhere to the GWG guidelines. Statistical analysis performedMultivariable regression analyses were used to examine the associations between GWG and childhood fat mass index at age 2 years. Pearson correlations and Wilcoxon rank sum tests were used to identify the characteristics of pregnant persons who experienced eGWG. ResultsPregnant persons’ eGWG (β = .503; P = .03) was positively associated with child adiposity at age 2 years independent of maternal BMI (P = 0.3). Pregnant persons who experienced eGWG during their second pregnancy had greater odds of eGWG during first pregnancies (odds ratio 7.5; P < .001), dieting behavior (odds ratio 14.3; P = .02), and low motivation to adhere to the GWG guidelines (odds ratio 11.2; P = .009). Fewer participants had eGWG during their second pregnancy (52.5%) compared with their first pregnancy (66.8%), which was different by BMI groups (BMI 18.5 to 24.9: 23.6% decrease in participants who gained eGWG, BMI 25-29.9: 20.0% decrease, and BMI ≥ 30: 37.9% decrease). ConclusionseGWG among pregnant persons is associated with child adiposity at age 2 years. Pregnant persons who experienced eGWG during their second pregnancy reported low motivation to gain weight within guidelines, eGWG in first pregnancy, and reported prior dieting behavior. Future research focusing on patients with these characteristics may increase success of interventions designed to limit eGWG.

Octomacrum spinum (Monogenoidea: Polyopisthocotylea: Octomacridae) from highland stoneroller, Campostoma spidaceum (Cypriniformes: Leuciscidae) from Arkansas and Oklahoma, USA, with a summary of the genus from North American and European fishes.

Octomacrum spinum Dansby & Shoemaker, 1973, is reported for the first time from 23 of 146 (16%) highland stonerollers, Campostoma spadiceum collected from central and western Arkansas and southeastern Oklahoma, USA. Analysis of molecular data revealed that the SSU rRNA gene of specimens of O. spinum from Arkansas was identical to a number of Octomacrum spp. and the LSU rRNA gene was 97.46% similar to Octomacrum europaeum. We also provide a summary of the species of Octomacrum reported from North American and European fishes.

Factors Associated With Self-Reported Overdose Reversals Using Naloxone in Little Rock, Arkansas: Implications for Harm Reduction Service Delivery in the US South

Background. The Central Arkansas Harm Reduction Project (CAHR) is located in Little Rock, Arkansas, and is the only harm reduction service provider in the city. This quality improvement study was conducted to inform harm reduction programming decisions. Methods. We used CAHR data among clients who reported methamphetamine and/or opioid use (2021-2022; N = 459). We used an explanatory mixed methods design to identify factors associated with self-reported overdose reversals using naloxone. Results. The average number of reversals was 3.27. Nearly all clients (95%) reported methamphetamine use. The use of both methamphetamine and opioids (vs. opioids only; [Formula: see text] = 0.26, p = .04) was positively associated with a higher number of reversals. Our qualitative analysis provided additional context around methamphetamine and overdose, including leveraging community members connected to large networks of people who use drugs. Conclusion. Future CAHR initiatives will focus on expanding public health education around naloxone and fentanyl for a population increasingly using methamphetamine.

Abstract B104: The invisible divide: The impact of race and location on multiple myeloma outcomes in Arkansas

Abstract Cancer survival rates in the United States have seen remarkable improvements attributed to early detection, enhanced screening practices, and innovative treatments. However, these advancements have not translated equally to all communities, particularly among minorities and rural populations. This disparity is amplified by the prevalence of certain cancers, such as multiple myeloma (MM), which disproportionately affects older adults and exhibits significant ethnic disparities. Black people are 2-5 times more likely to develop the disease compared to those of European descent. MM is a malignancy of plasma cells and in 2023, it is expected that in the US there will be 35,730 new MM diagnoses and 12,590 associated deaths. This study focuses on MM patients in Arkansas, where racial segregation and rural population density contribute to healthcare access challenges and poorer outcomes. We retroactively analyzed a dataset composed of 4,639 patients treated at the University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences that have all received a transplant as part of their treatment. In this study, we performed a descriptive analysis of patients’ outcomes with MM treated in Arkansas. We look at the non-metro versus metro areas while also looking at racial differences in survival outcomes between Black and White patients. To pinpoint specific areas of Arkansas with high disparities, we divided the state into 6 regions. Taken in aggregate, there was no significant difference in progression-free survival (PFS) or overall survival (OS). Just looking at the best and worst performing regions, we compared the Central Arkansas region to the Lower Delta. A significant difference was observed in PFS and OS, with p-values of 0.00034 and 0.025, respectively. Patients from the Central region had a significantly higher survival probability. We observed a significant difference in PFS and OS by race (p-value 0.012 and 0.062). We see that Black patients from the Lower Delta had the worst PFS, and PFS was similar between Black and White patients from the Central region. Interestingly, White patients from the Lower Delta had the worst overall survival probability. Black patients from the Central region had the best OS. This research highlights the disparities between non-metro and metro MM patients, as well as the disparities between Black and White populations in Arkansas compared to the rest of the country. Rural region had the largest disparity in PFS and OS compared to the metro Central region of Arkansas. Black patients from the Lower Delta region have worse PFS than African Black patients from the Central region, and White patients from the Lower Delta region have worse OS than White patients from the Central region. These findings emphasize the importance of targeted education efforts aimed at physicians and patients in rural communities, which could potentially lead to significant improvements in MM outcomes and bridge the existing disparities. Citation Format: Michael A. Bauer, Mario Shootman, Chenghui Li, Frits Van Rhee, Samer Al Hadidi, Carolina D. Schinke, John D. Shaughnessy, Joseph L. Su, Fenghuang Zhan, Cody Ashby. The invisible divide: The impact of race and location on multiple myeloma outcomes in Arkansas [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 16th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2023 Sep 29-Oct 2;Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2023;32(12 Suppl):Abstract nr B104.

Polarimetric Radar Observations of a Long-Lived Supercell and Associated Tornadoes on 10–11 December 2021

Abstract We present environmental and polarimetric radar observations of a long-lived December supercell that tracked approximately 750 km from Arkansas to northern Kentucky. The storm was associated with two long-track EF4 tornadoes, one of which was among the longest-tracked tornadoes recorded in the United States. The supercell’s life cycle is documented from 2000 UTC 10 to 0700 UTC 11 December 2021, using data from five operational polarimetric weather radars. After convection initiation in central Arkansas, it took nearly 4 h for a supercell to develop. Afterward, the storm’s ZDR column and arc became anomalously large leading up to genesis of the first EF4 tornado. During this time, the storm’s environment had moderate convective available potential energy (CAPE) and strong deep-layer shear. A cell interaction at about 0200 UTC disrupted the supercell updraft, weakening the ZDR arc and column, and initiating the largest radar-implied hailfall event observed with this storm. The remnant circulation associated with the first EF4 tornado did not fully dissipate, and it appeared to merge with the low-level mesocyclone on the nose of a rear-flank downdraft surge likely initiated by the hailfall. It is hypothesized that this merger was important to the intensification of the storm’s second EF4 tornado, which lasted nearly 3 h and traveled approximately 267 km. During the second EF4 tornado the storm experienced decreasing CAPE and increasing storm relative helicity. Increasing interactions with other cells eventually weakened the storm, and its original updraft was obscured before the storm’s remnants dissipated in northern Kentucky. Significance Statement In December 2021, a long-lived supercell thunderstorm produced two long-track, violent tornadoes, including one that produced historic damage across western Kentucky. Radar observations indicate that, once the storm became a supercell, its updraft became anomalously large relative to similar storms studied prior. Simultaneously its storm-relative inflow strengthened markedly, supporting the first long-lived tornado. Interactions with a developing thunderstorm disrupted the supercell’s updraft, leading to hail fallout and updraft weakening. The remnant circulation associated with the first strong tornado merged with the supercell’s updraft and became a rotation source for the second long-track tornado, which persisted for nearly 3 h. Eventually interactions with other thunderstorms weakened the supercell.

Integrating GPR with ArcGIS Pro to map the Central Arkansas Water pipelines beneath the old Broadway Bridge, Little Rock

Central Arkansas Water (CAW) supplies fresh water to nearly 500,000 people in Arkansas. To prevent service interruptions and costly damages, the pipes and other potential utilities must be precisely located and mapped in three areas designated by the Arkansas Department of Transportation (ARDOT) prior to any excavation work. This research aimed to integrate Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) with ArcGIS Pro to assist with locating, mapping, and analyzing the utility lines. The results of this study indicate that integrating GPR with ArcGIS Pro can be an efficient tool to locate, map, and analyze utility lines with great precision. The GPR technique was effective in locating the CAW pipelines and other subsurface utility lines at depths ranging from a few centimeters to less than two meters at the selected sites. ArcGIS Pro was highly effective in accurately mapping and analyzing both the detected and existing utilities in 2D and 3D spaces, providing comprehensive visualizations and analysis tools for the CAW service area. The findings of this study suggest that GPR, with ArcGIS Pro, could help protect utility infrastructure, reduce the cost of maintenance, and help with implementing mitigation strategies.

Pandemic Pivoting: The Use of Home Wi-Fi Accounts and Fast-Food Parking Lots for Teachers’ Internet Connectivity

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size Additional informationNotes on contributorsTrina HarlowTrina Harlow, Assistant Professor of Art Education, Department of Art and Design, University of Central Arkansas in Conway; Adjunct Faculty, University of North Texas in Denton. Email: drtrinaharlow@gmail.com. Website: https://www.onlineartteachers.comYang YangYang Yang, Associate Professor, Department of Special Education, Counseling and Student Affairs, College of Education, Kansas State University in Manhattan. Email: yyang001@k-state.eduSarah AckermannSarah Ackermann, Executive Director for Teaching Innovation, Division of Online and Strategic Learning, Ball State University in Muncie, Indiana. Email: sarahcress@gmail.comBeth DobbersteinBeth Dobberstein, Doctoral Student, University of Wisconsin in Milwaukee. Email: bethel@uwm.eduBob ReekerBob Reeker, K–5 Visual Art Specialist & Interventionist, Robinson Elementary School in Lincoln, Nebraska. Email: bobreeker@gmail.comTim NeedlesTim Needles, Art Teacher/Technology Integration Specialist, Smithtown School District in Smithtown, New York; Adjunct Professor, Five Towns College in Dix Hills, New York. Email: needlesart@gmail.com

Gray Gold: Lead Mining and Its Impact on the Natural and Cultural Environment, 1700–1840 by Mark Milton Chambers

Reviewed by: Gray Gold: Lead Mining and Its Impact on the Natural and Cultural Environment, 1700–1840 by Mark Milton Chambers Sonia Toudji Gray Gold: Lead Mining and Its Impact on the Natural and Cultural Environment, 1700–1840. By Mark Milton Chambers. (Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 2021. Pp. xiv, 258. $65.00, ISBN 978-1-62190-698-8.) Le Pays des Illinois, a region of French Louisiana in the upper Mississippi River Valley, was a theater for early encounters between Europeans and Native [End Page 340] Americans, and eventually became part of the frontiers and borderlands of the United States. This region was first claimed as part of the French empire, was transferred to Spanish control following the Treaty of Paris in 1763, and finally became an American territory after the Louisiana Purchase in 1803. Consequently, historians of the early United States have tended to overlook the pre-1803 colonial history of this region, often incorporating it into histories of the American West that begin with the Lewis and Clark expedition in 1804. In the process, stories of those pre-1803 encounters became part of state-level histories, consigned to their own “colonial” chapter. In Gray Gold: Lead Mining and Its Impact on the Natural and Cultural Environment, 1700–1840, Mark Milton Chambers attempts to recover the history of Kaskaskia, an outpost on the present-day Illinois-Missouri border, where “the meeting between Native Americans and French miners . . . fits, in some sense, in the story of American mining long before the western gold rushes” (p. 7). As the title suggests, Chambers argues that lead mining in this corner of the eighteenth-century West promoted local wealth and improved the national economy in ways similar to the gold and silver mining that shaped the nineteenth-century West. In four chronologically organized chapters, Chambers sets out to remind the reader that the “American West” before the Lewis and Clark expedition was not empty, and that the history of American mining encompasses the mining practices of Native peoples before contact with European empires. The first chapter explores the “prospecting, extracting, and smelting” of lead in the Native communities that established themselves around Kaskaskia (p. 13). Chambers argues that during the eighteenth century, French and Native mining practices “converged” in the Illinois Country (p. 13). Chapter 2 assesses Spanish administrative efforts to increase productivity in the lead mining industry by introducing new methods and technologies. In chapters 3 and 4, the narrative moves into the post-1803 era, with a focus on the consequences of lead mining in the region. Chambers details how an increase in lead production led to environmental problems such as arsenic water pollution. Similarly, he explains how the American industrialization of lead mining, which brought new technologies and practices, negatively impacted the landscape, settlements, and Native Americans. Scholarship on the colonial upper Mississippi Valley has mostly focused on Native-French relations, the fur trade, and frontier histories. Gray Gold revisits those relations while highlighting what Chambers calls a “mining middle ground”—a zone where Euro-American and Native miners learned from one another, blended their prospecting and smelting practices, and created a new alliance centered on mining lead ore (p. 13). Chambers also notes that the literature on mining in the West has traditionally focused on nineteenth-century gold rushes, overlooking the extraction of gray gold in the eighteenth-century West. Thomas Jefferson wrote about lead mining in the Illinois Country in his Notes on the State of virginia in 1785. And as president, Jefferson reported to Congress about the rich lead mines of the Louisiana Purchase, which he hoped would “encourage more Americans to settle in the region for the benefit of national wealth” (p. 103). Gray Gold weaves together several stories over two centuries of history of lead mining in the upper Mississippi Valley. Well researched and wonderfully [End Page 341] written, this book builds on the most recent literature and uses a wide variety of approaches to the history of mining, the West, and Native Americans. Sonia Toudji University of Central Arkansas Copyright © 2023 Southern Historical Association

Complete Genome Sequences of Chop, DelRio, and GrandSlam, Three Gordonia Phages Isolated from Soil in Central Arkansas

Chop, DelRio, and GrandSlam are phage with a Siphoviridae morphotype isolated from soil in Arkansas using the host Gordonia terrae 3612. All three are temperate, and their genomes share at least 96% nucleotide identity. These phage are assigned to cluster DI based on gene content similarity to other sequenced actinobacteriophage.

A NEW EIMERIAN (APICOMPLEXA: EIMERIIDAE) FROM EASTERN MOLE, SCALOPUS AQUATICUS (MAMMALIA: EULIPOTYPHLA: TALPIDAE), IN CENTRAL ARKANSAS, WITH ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ON CYCLOSPORA YATESI MCALLISTER, MOTRIUK-SMITH, AND KERR.

The eastern mole, Scalopus aquaticus (L.), is a common inhabitant of loamy soils in Canada, the eastern United States, and Mexico. Seven coccidian parasites have been previously reported from S. aquaticus, including 3 cyclosporans and 4 eimerians from hosts taken in Arkansas and Texas. A single S. aquaticus, collected in February 2022 in central Arkansas, was found to be passing oocysts of 2 coccidians, a new species of Eimeria, and Cyclospora yatesiMcAllister, Motriuk-Smith, and Kerr, 2018. Oocysts of Eimeria brotheri n. sp. are ellipsoidal (sometimes ovoidal) with a smooth bilayered wall, measure 14.0 × 9.9 μm, and have a length/width (L/W) ratio of 1.5; both micropyle and oocyst residua are absent, but a single polar granule is present. Sporocysts are ellipsoidal and measure 8.1 × 4.6 μm, L/W 1.8; a flattened to knoblike Stieda body as well as a rounded sub-Stieda body are present. The sporocyst residuum is composed of an irregular mass of large granules. Additional metrical and morphological information is provided on oocysts of C. yatesi. This study demonstrates that although several coccidians were previously documented from this host, additional S. aquaticus should be examined for coccidians from Arkansas as well as other parts of its range.

How school belongingness in diverse students moderates student perceptions of teachers' cultural humility in predicting student–teacher working alliance

AbstractStudent–teacher relationships and school belongingness are both strong predictors for students' academic success (Goodenow &amp; Grady, 1993; Hattie, 2009). Experiences related to their cultural identities also inform how they perceive their educational environment (Kutsyuruba et al., 2015) and may also predict academic success. Although current literature supports all three constructs as separate predictors of academic success, the current study examined the relationship between student perceptions of their teacher's cultural humility and student–teacher working alliance, with student perceptions of school belonging as a moderator. Sixth‐grade students from an urban, central Arkansas middle school (n = 334) considered a teacher with whom they had prolonged contact (e.g., two interactions a day, including mentoring and academic instruction), and responded to questions from three scales, the Cultural Humility Scale (predictor), the Classroom Working Alliance Inventory (outcome), and the Psychological Sense of School Membership (moderator). Results showed that student perceptions of teacher's cultural humility predicted student–teacher working alliance and that this relationship was slightly stronger for those students with low levels of school belongingness. The importance of all three variables in understanding student success has implications for teacher and school psychologist training programs.

Significant range extension of Streptanthus squamiformis (Brassicaceae), a Ouachita Mountain endemic

Streptanthus squamiformis Goodman (Brassicaceae) is a plant narrowly endemic to the Athens Plateau; Central Hills, Ridges, and Valleys; and Central Mountain Ranges ecoregions of the Ouachita Mountains, and previously known from five adjacent counties in western Arkansas and southeastern Oklahoma. We document a 100-km range extension of this species to Perry County in central Arkansas, its first occurrence in the Fourche Mountains Ecoregion.

Post-Laramide, Eocene epeirogeny in central Colorado—The result of a mantle drip?

Abstract The Southern Rocky Mountains first rose during the Laramide Orogeny (ca. 75–45 Ma), but today's mountains and adjacent Great Plains owe their current height to later epeirogenic surface uplift. When and why epeirogeny affected the region are controversial. Sedimentation histories in two central Colorado basins, the South Park–High Park and Denver basins, shifted at 56–54 Ma from an orogenic to an epeirogenic pattern, suggesting central Colorado experienced epeirogeny at that time. To interrogate that hypothesis, we analyzed thermal histories for seven samples from central Colorado's Arkansas Hills and High Park using thermochronometers with closure temperatures below ~180 °C, enabling us to track sample exhumation from ~5–7 km depth. Three samples are from the Cretaceous Whitehorn pluton, and four are Precambrian granitoids. All zircon and titanite (U-Th)/He dates (ZHe and THe) and one apatite fission-track (AFT) date are similar to the 67 Ma pluton emplacement age. Whitehorn dates using the lower-temperature apatite (U-Th)/He (AHe) thermochronometer are 55–41 Ma. These data require two exhumation episodes, one ca. 67–60 Ma, the second beginning at 54–46 Ma. The pluton reached the surface by 37 Ma, based on the age of volcanic tuff filling a pluton-cutting paleovalley. The Precambrian samples do not further refine this thermal history owing to the comparatively higher He closure temperature of their more radiation-damaged apatite. Laramide crustal shortening caused 67–60 Ma exhumation. Arkansas Hills shortening ended before 67 Ma, so shortening could not have caused the exhumation event that began 54–46 Ma; thermochronology supports the Eocene epeirogeny hypothesis. Epeirogeny affected &amp;gt;2.0 × 104 km2, from the Sawatch Range to the Denver Basin. We attribute epeirogeny to an Eocene mantle drip that likely triggered subsequent drips, causing younger exhumation events in adjacent areas.

Using a Mock Course to Teach Nurse Educator Students How to Build a Course for Online Delivery.

By Laura C. Hall, DNP, RN, CNL-BC, School of Nursing, University of Central Arkansas, Conway, [email protected].

Utilization and evaluation of a diabetes screening assessment tool (DSAT) in an interprofessional student-led community-based clinic

BackgroundThe Centers for Disease Control estimates that 34.2 million Americans have diabetes mellitus (10.5% of the US population). Approximately 14.8% of Arkansans currently have diabetes, which requires detailed assessment, patient education, and follow-up for chronic care. Healthcare students may initially lack the confidence to provide chronic diabetes care and require education and facilitation to provide evidence-based practice (EBP) care during learning activities within the community for patients suffering from Type 2 diabetes. AimThe purpose of this EBP quality improvement project was to evaluate the effect of a diabetes screening assessment tool (DSAT) on healthcare student-perceived ease of use and satisfaction in the electronic healthcare record (EHR) with regard to providing EBP diabetes care in an interprofessional setting. MethodsThe project occurred in a community clinic for underserved patients in central Arkansas with care provided by interprofessional student disciplines from nursing, medicine, and pharmacy. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics to evaluate associations between perceived user satisfaction of the DSAT tool and descriptive student data. Results/ConclusionFrequency distributions demonstrated that the majority of interprofessional students found the assessment tool satisfied their need for assessment and provision of chronic diabetes care. These findings are helpful to nursing programs with student-led interprofessional experiences to promote EBP diabetes care and adoption of the EHR. Using EBP screening tools that provide practical usability in the EHR and promote student satisfaction may lead to better data collection, enhanced student planning, and positive outcomes for patients who receive care in student-led clinics.

Native crops on the threshold of European contact: ritual seed deposits at Kuykendall Brake, Arkansas

ABSTRACT Flexible strategies of crop production and wild food procurement helped late Mississippian farmers withstand environmental and social perturbations that preceded and followed European contact. Beans were fully incorporated by AD 1400, but their economic importance is difficult to assess due to low likelihood of preservation. Likewise, oily native seeds including sumpweed and sunflower are poorly represented in archaeobotanical assemblages, with cultigen sumpweed often considered all-but-extinct by the fifteenth century AD. Ritual grain offerings from an intentionally burned and buried structure at the Kuykendall Brake site in central Arkansas indicate that in this special context, beans were at least as highly valued as corn. Large domesticated sumpweed seeds were the third most common species, adding to evidence from other sites in the Southeast that this crop had not been dropped from all Native farming systems. Combining the information from Kuykendall Brake with data from other late Mississippian and early Contact period assemblages from the region, we conclude that the high level of agrobiodiversity and broad harvesting base alleviated risks of food insecurity and helped local societies sustain and prolong traditional lifeways.

New State Records for Melanoplus macclungi (Orthoptera: Acrididae) and Notes on its Biology

Melanoplus macclungi Rehn, 1946 is a little-known grasshopper originally recorded from Sun City, Kansas. As part of a survey of Oklahoma grasshoppers, we also collected this species throughout western Oklahoma, and northeast Arkansas. Analysis of citizen science data resulted in additional records for M. macclungi in central Arkansas and southwest Missouri. We have also recorded information on habitat preference, parasitoids, and fecundity.

Effect of Sow Feeder Type and Drip Cooling on Sow Body Weight, Litter Performance, and Feeder Cleaning Criteria

A total of 600 mixed parity sows (PIC, Line 3) were used to evaluate the effect of different lactation feeders and drip cooling on lactating sow farrowing performance and litter growth performance during summer conditions. For the lactation feeder evaluation, the trial was conducted in 2 sequential groups with 300 sows per group in the same facility in central Arkansas. Five rooms with 60 farrowing stalls per room were used for each group. At approximately d 110 to 112 of gestation, sows were blocked by body condition score (BCS), parity, and offspring genetics (Line 2 or Line 3 sires). Sows were then randomly allotted to 1 of 3 feeder designs: 1) PVC tube feeder; 2) Rotecna ball feeder (Rotecna, Agramunt, Spain); or 3) SowMax rod feeder (Hog Slat, Newton Grove, NC). The three feeder designs were placed in one of 3 farrowing stalls with the same sequence (Rotecna, SowMax, and then PVC tube feeder) from the front to the end of all farrowing rooms to balance the environmental effect in each room. For the drip cooling evaluation, the trial was conducted during the second group of 300 sows. Water drippers were blocked in 3 of every 6 farrowing stalls to balance the feeder types and the environmental effect in each room. Sows were weighed before entering the farrowing house and at weaning. Sows were provided approximately 4 lb per day of the lactation diet pre-farrowing. After farrowing, sows were provided ad libitum access to lactation feed. The weaning age was between 19 to 22 d. Viable piglets from sows bred to line 2 boars (7,562 piglets from 441 sows) were individually tagged with an RFID tag within 24 h after birth. Line 3 piglets were not tagged and not included in the litter performance data, but the sows of these piglets were included in the sow BW and feed disappearance data. After weaning, the cleaning times for each feeder type were recorded on a subsample of feeders (n = 67). For the effect of lactation feeders, there was no evidence of difference (P > 0.05) in sow entry BW, exit BW, BW change, and litter performance between sow lactation feeders. However, sows on SowMax feeders had lower (P < 0.05) total feed disappearance, average daily feed disappearance, and total feed cost than sows on the tube feeders. Therefore, the feed cost per pig weaned from sows on the SowMax feeder

Symposium on the Lives and Work of Armand Mauss and O. Kendall White

On October 24, 2020, the Mormon Social Science Association convened to pay tribute to Armand L. Mauss and O. Kendall White, both of whom passed away in 2020. Mauss and White were influential members of the MSSA and leaders in the social scientific study of Mormonism. This tribute is a symposium comprised of three essays on the life and work of these scholars. In the first essay, Daryl White (emeritus, Spelman College) pays tribute to his late brother, noting how O. Kendall White’s biography and scholarship were intertwined, and chronicling Ken’s influence on the nascent sociological study of Mormonism. In the second essay, Gary Shepherd (Oakland University) and Gordon Shepherd (University of Central Arkansas) recount their four-decade association with Armand L. Mauss and describe the profound impact Armand has had on Mormon studies generally, and the social scientific study of Mormonism in particular. Finally, David Knowlton (Utah Valley University) considers the lives and influence of Mauss and White collectively, reflecting on how their work served as a foundation for the maturing field of Mormon social science.

Determining feasibility of incorporating consumer engagement into implementation activities: study protocol of a hybrid effectiveness-implementation type II pilot

IntroductionImplementation researchers could draw from participatory research to engage patients (consumers of healthcare) in implementation processes and possibly reduce healthcare disparities. There is a little consumer involvement in healthcare implementation,...