Centesimal Potencies Research Articles

Evaluation of homeopathic treatments for the control of moniliasis (Moniliophthora roreri Samson & Benny), in cacao (Theobroma cacao L.)

Objective: To evaluate low- and high-dilution homeopathic products in the incidence of Moniliophthora roreri in cacao plants. Design/Methodology/Approach: The plantation was studied using a randomized block design with three repetitions and six treatments: Homeopathic nosode 12C and 200C, Cacao homeopathic combination remedy 12C and 200C, water control, and control sample, with applications every 15 days. The studied variables were: Number of flowers, number of healthy and diseased cherelles, number of healthy and diseased pods, ripe pod weight, fresh grain weight, and leaf color. Results: A significant difference was observed in the number of flowers with Cacao combined remedy 200C during November-December 2018. A significant difference was observed in leaf color with Cacao combined remedy 200C during October 2018-January 2019 and with Cacao combine remedy 12C in October 2018. No significant difference was found in treatments for number of healthy and diseased cherelles, number of healthy and diseased pods, ripe pod weight, and fresh grain weight. Study limitations/Implications: The treatment application period was short. In order to obtain more convincing results, a one-year application period prior to evaluation is suggested. Findings/Conclusions: The Cacao combined remedy 200C had a positive effect on the number of flowers during the period in which flowering decreases due to environmental conditions and on leaf greenness during four consecutive months of evaluation. Cacao homeopathic combination remedy 12C showed a significant difference for the latter variable only in October 2018. This suggests that the low-dose homeopathic medication and a high centesimal potency promotes a better response of the cacao plant to an acute disease such as moniliasis.

Cutaneous Warts Treated with Individualised Homoeopathic Medicine: A Case Series

AbstractCutaneous warts are visible growths on the skin caused by infection of keratinocytes caused by the human papilloma virus. They appear in various forms on different locations on the skin and mucous membranes, the most common being hands, feet, face and neck. Despite the availability of various treatments, its persistent and recurring nature remains a matter of frustration among the medical fraternity. This case series includes eight cutaneous warts cases treated with an individualistic approach. Each case was prescribed a single medicine as per the cardinal principles of homoeopathy. The cases were assessed through Modified Naranjo Criteria for Homeopathy inventory to attribute the causal relationship of homoeopathic treatment provided for inferring the clinical outcome of cases. In every case, a single dose of the most appropriate homoeopathic remedy in centesimal potency was prescribed, followed by placebo. All cases were followed up for approximately 04-month duration after medication. No recurrence of warts or relapses of symptoms was noticed during the follow-ups. All cases showed marked improvement and the warts were completely resolved. Individualised homoeopathic medicines prescribed for cases were Lachesis mutus, Causticum, Natrum muriaticum, Antimonium crudum, Nitricum acidum, Thuja occidentalis, Sulphur and Dulcamara. Through this case series, we encourage more homoeopathic research on warts including exploratory observational trials and randomised controlled trials.

Evidence Based Case Report on Homoeopathic Treatment of Pityriasis Versicolor

Pityriasis Versicolor is a common fungal skin infection[1]. It’s sometimes also called as Tinea versicolor. Pityriasis versicolor causes patches of skin to change colour. The patches usually occur on the chest, upper back, upper arms, neck or tummy. The patches are flat and round and can join up to form large areas. They may look scaly and can sometimes be itchy[2]. It is a case report on pityriasis versicolor. On first visit, the patient was having white coloured spots on neck and upper chest area. Symptomatology was erected after taking the case properly and repertorization was done by synthesis repertory. The medicine was prescribed in centesimal potency and patient was better with in 3 months.

Alopecia Areata Treated with Homoeopathic Preparation of Phosphorus: Two Evidence-Based Case Reports

AbstractAlopecia areata (AA) is a type of non-scarring, autoimmune hair loss on the scalp or body characterised by solitary or multiple bald patches. In modern medicine, treatment is mainly in the form of corticosteroids. Homoeopathy provides a better response by framing the totality and choosing the medicine based on symptom similarity. The presented case reports evaluated the utility of individualised homoeopathic treatment on AA with evidence-based assessment. The two cases were prescribed individualised homoeopathic medicine and followed for more than 1 year. The cases were assessed by Severity Alopecia Tool (SALT) score, Measure Yourself Medical Outcome Profile 2 (MYMOP2) and periodic photographic evidence. Modified Naranjo Criteria for Homoeopathy (MONARCH) was used to assess the clinical outcome's causal attribution to the prescribed homoeopathic medicine. Both patients were given Phosphorus in centesimal potency resulting in a complete cure with a full growth of hair and without further relapse of symptoms. SALT score reduced from 24.04 to 0% in case 1 and 8.4 to 0% in case 2 after 18 months of treatment. MYMOP2 profile score declined from 3.5 to 0 in case 1 and 5.5 to 0 in case 2. The physician assessed the MONARCH score as +09 and +10 for cases 1 and 2, signifying strong causal attribution to Phosphorus prescribed in both cases. Individualised homoeopathic treatment caused improvement in AA along with general well-being. Systematic research with a larger sample size would be required to confirm observations of these two cases.

A Comparative Study of Homoeopathic Decimal Versus Centesimal Potency Medicine in the Treatment of Cervical Spondylosis

Background: Cervical spondylosis (CS) is a degenerative condition of the cervical spine found almost universally in persons over50 years of age. It has become one of the common problems globally.Methods: An experimental study was conducted on 60 patients diagnosed with cervical spondylosis as per the inclusion and exclusion criteria. All 60 cases of cervical spondylosis were randomized into 2 groups of 30 patients each. One group was prescribed with Individualized Homoeopathic medicine in decimal scale potency and the other group was prescribed with centesimal scale potencies of Individualized Homoeopathic medicine. The Remedy Response Evaluation Form was used to assess and interpret the follow up of the patients. The improvement of the patients was assessed by the Neck Disability Index (NDI). Result: Intra-group changes in NDI score were found statistically significant (P < 0.001, unpaired t test) group difference though favored centesimal against decimal. Conclusion: On statistical analysis, the p value was less than 0.001. Hence there is a significant difference between post treatment score of centesimal potency group as compared to decimal potency group. 

A Comparative Study on the Effectiveness of Fifty Millesimal Potency and Centesimal Potency of Homoeopathic Medicines in the Management of Chronic Diseases

Homoeopathy is a system of medicine that considers the sick in a holistic way during the course of treatment. Unlike the classification of diseases based on the particular time duration, Hahnemann had his own way of classification of diseases as acute and chronic. As per his observation, he found that few diseases could not find cure even after application of a suitable homoeopathic remedy and also were repeatedly having a tendency to relapse in future. This made him realise about miasms and also later about bringing modifications in the posology keeping in view the need to prevent unwanted aggravation after administering Homoeopathic medicines and also to cut short the time period required to bring about cure. This led to the discovery of a new method of dynamization and this study is an attempt to have a comparative study on the efficacy of fifty millesimal potency and centesimal potency of Homoeopathic in the management of chronic diseases.

A Descriptive Study Demonstrating the Utility of Repetition of Centesimal Potency in Chronic Cases

A Descriptive Study Demonstrating the Utility of Repetition of Centesimal Potency in Chronic Cases

A Multi-Centric Single-Blind Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial to Evaluate the Efficacy of the Individualized Homeopathic Intervention in Breast Fibroadenoma

The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of homeopathic medicines in the reduction or resolution of breast fibroadenoma (FA) through ultrasound (US) assessment in intervention and control groups. The secondary objective was to compare the efficacy of the homeopathic intervention in single and multiple fibroadenomas. A single-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled pilot study was conducted from January 2014 to June 2018 at 4 research centers with 6 months of follow-up. Females in the age group 18 to 35 years, with a confirmed diagnosis of breast fibroadenoma measuring between 1 cm and 5 cm, measured by the US, with only one fibroadenoma per quadrant were randomized to either homeopathic intervention (HI) or identical placebo (P) (n = 85) in each group. All the patients were enrolled in the study with due consent from them. The Ethical Committee, Central Council for Research in Homoeopathy (CCRH), New Delhi, India, approved the study. The trial was registered with the Clinical Trial Registry-India (CTRI) vide no. CTRI/2013/11/004144 [Registered on: 14/11/2013]. Out of the 85 cases enrolled in each group, the ITT analysis was done for n = 73 participants with a mean area of FA (3.11 ± 3.00) in HI and n = 77 participants with a mean area of FA (3.65 ± 3.29) in the P group at baseline. US assessment of 12 cases in the intervention group and 8 cases in the placebo group exceeded the study duration. Therefore, was analyzed as a sub-group and was not considered under ITT analysis. FA was the unit of analysis. At 6 months, complete resolution occurred in 2 participants in the intervention group and none in the placebo group. Although there is a significant difference between the intervention and the placebo groups at 3<sup>rd</sup> and 6<sup>th</sup> months, the within-group difference is insignificant. No significant difference is observed between and within the single and multiple FAs groups. Out of the 85 cases in the medicine group, 78 received a single remedy throughout the study in centesimal potencies. The frequently prescribed medicines were Pulsatilla, Silicea, Phosphorus, Sepia, and Calcarea Carbonica. IIndividualized homeopathy has significantly reduced FAs compared to the placebo group. However, the difference within the groups is not statistically significant. Future studies should be conducted based on adequate samples with long-term follow-up for resolution and recurrence if any.

Homoeopathic Treatment of Chocolate Cyst: A Case Report

AbstractChocolate cysts of the ovary come under the subgroup of endometriosis. The prevalence of chocolate cyst in the reproductive age group is 8% and in the postmenopausal age group it is 18%. Its defining symptoms include dyspareunia, pelvic pain, irregular periods and menstrual pain. A cyst size of more than 4 cm indicates the need for surgical treatment. The typical therapies for this condition include hormone therapy and operations like hysterectomy. In this case report, we have shown a positive curative role of homeopathic medicine in the management of chocolate cyst of the ovary.A 31-year-old woman complaining of weakness came to the OPD, painful irregular menses with large clots and stitching pain in the right inguinal region. She was diagnosed with a case of chocolate cyst of the ovary. She had been on hormonal therapy for a year without any relief, and the report showed that the cyst has grown bigger. The patient was treated successfully with individualised homoeopathic medicine Lachesis in centesimal potency, which showed significant improvement in patient – and post-treatment outcome was corroborated with follow-up and laboratory investigation which showed complete regression of cyst.Causal attribution for changes in the condition of patients after homoeopathic medication was assessed by modified Naranjo criteria. However, this is a single case in which chocolate cyst of the ovary associated with variable and unpredictable remission was found.

To Study and Compare the Efficacy of LM Potency and Centesimal Potency of Homoeopathic Medicine Acid Phosphoricum in Management of Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus

Background: Diabetes Mellitus has emerged as one of the prominent leading risk factors for cardio-vascular diseases. The prevalence rate of Diabetes Mellitus in India is said to be 25% in urban and 10% in the rural population. If we were to see the gender wise prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus in urban India, it is approximately 30-45% in males and 25-38% in females. However, only about 26% of the treated diabetic patients had their blood sugar level within normal limits. This study aims to study the efficacy of 50-Millesimal potency in management of Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus. Methods: It was a randomized parallel group study, wherein 50 patients satisfying the case definition, inclusion and exclusion criteria were selected for the study of which 25 patients were administered L M Potency of the homoeopathic medicine Acid Phosphoricum and remaining 25 patients were administered Centesimal potency of homoeopathic medicine Acid Phosphoricum. The subjects were clinically assessed every week. Investigations were done at baseline, blood sugar levels every month and HbA1C every 3 months of treatment till the end of the study period. All the data was measured and analysed at entry and every 3 months till the completion of the study period. Results: At the end of the study, significant decrease in the blood sugar and HbA1C levels was recorded in case of LM Potency as compared to Centesimal potencies. Conclusion: LM Potencies are more efficient in management of Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus as compared to Centesimal scale of potencies.

Homoeopathic Treatment of Submandibular Sialolithiasis with Baryta iodatum: A Case Report

Abstract Introduction Sialolithiasis is the most common cause of salivary gland swelling affecting mostly the parotid, submandibular and sublingual salivary glands in which submandibular gland is most commonly affected. Only a few documented cases with non-surgical management are available on literature search, as surgery is considered to be the mainstay for this clinical condition. Case Summary A 25-year-old male patient presented with the symptoms of pain and swelling under the right side of the tongue for the past 15 days. The case was diagnosed by X-ray floor of mouth and ultrasonography neck as right submandibular sialolithiasis. His doctor advised him for surgery but he instead preferred to go for homoeopathic treatment. After constructing the totality and repertorisation, homoeopathic medicine Baryta iodatum was prescribed in centesimal potency which resulted in the expulsion of the stone with the improvement in the associated symptoms.The causal attribution between the homoeopathic intervention and outcome of treatment was assessed by Modified Naranjo Criteria for Homeopathy score recorded at the final visit suggestive of a high likelihood that the improvement in the patient may be attributed to the homoeopathic treatment provided. Conclusion This clinical case report is presented here to show the positive effect of individualised homoeopathic treatment in right submandibular sialolithiasis.

Can individualized homoeopathic medicines bring a ray of hope the patients of rheumatoid arthritis: A pilot study

Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is one of the most common autoimmune disorders, affecting approximately 0.75% of the population in India i.e., around 7 million people. Clinical case reports, observational studies and RCTs show effects of homoeopathic medicine in the pain management and treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Although no concrete inference can be drawn on the basis of these studies due to their small sample sizes and short study duration. Therefore, this pilot study is made to study the efficacy of the homoeopathic remedies in the treatment of RA as well as scope of further researches in this disease condition. Material and Methods: The pilot study was undertaken in the Out Patient Department of State National Homoeopathic Medical College & Hospital, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India from March 2021 to March 2022. Out of 40 patients screened, 22 patients fitted to the inclusion criteria were enrolled to receive individualized Homeopathic medicines in centesimal potency (30,200,1M or more). Patients were enrolled on the basis of American College of Rheumatology 2010 classification criteria. Out of these 22 patients, only 16 patients have completed the follow up of six or more months. Disease Activity Score 28 score was used to assess the patients at baseline and at 6 months. The objective of the study to assess the changes in Disease Activity Score 28 at the end of 6 months from the baseline.Results: Paired t-test was applied to the DAS 28 score data obtained at baseline and the end of 6 months and comparison between the values is statistically significant (mean diff.- 2.136, 95% CI=1.640 to 2.632, p value= 0.000000315) favouring individualized homeopathy. The medicines were selected after detailed case taking and repertorization. Conclusion: The study has clearly indicated that individualized homoeopathic medicines can be useful in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.

Homoeopathic management of infertility due to blockage of fallopian tube – A case series

Introduction: Infertility is characterised by the failure to establish a clinical pregnancy after 12 months of regular and unprotected sexual intercourse. The prevalence of infertility in the general population is about 9–18%. Out of several causes of infertility, the tubal factor plays a role in 15.4% of cases. Homoeopathy is a gentle and effective mode of treatment. A few previous studies indicate that homoeopathy is a useful method of treatment for the treatment of infertility cases. Cases Summary: Four cases of female infertility due to blockage of fallopian tubes treated at Dhabaleswar Homeo Clinic, Cuttack, are presented herewith. The cases were treated successfully with individualised homoeopathic medicines. After the treatment, all patients conceived normally and delivered healthy babies. The medicines used were Sepia, Sulphur and Medorrhinum in centesimal potencies. Difficult cases of infertility with fallopian tube blockage are thus treatable and women can attain pregnancy with the help of homoeopathic treatment.

Rheumatoid Arthritis: Early diagnosis and treatment outcomes with individualized Homoeopathic medicine: A single blind, simple randomized placebo controlled study

Introduction: Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is the most common inflammatory articular disorder. It is a chronic progressive systemic autoimmune disease with hallmark of chronic erosive-polyarthritis. It can be seen in all races with overall prevalence of about 1 percent. Its prevalence in old women is about 5 percent and female to male ratio is 3 to 1 in this disorder with the peak onset age of 50 ± 15 years .The clinical feature of RA is divided to three categories such as Articular, Peri-articular, Extra-articular (systemic). Research Objectives: To study the response of Homoeopathic medicaments in RA with response to change in Disease Activity Scores in 28 joints (DAS28).Methodology: The study was simple randomized and single blind method. The sample size was fixed at 90.Test group 60 i.e. Group - I(Centesimal -30), Group – II( 50 Millesimal -30 ) & Group – III( Control) 30. Duration of study was for two years. It was carried out at International Study & Research Centre on Homoeopathy, Bhubaneswar. There were inclusion & exclusion criteria, treatment plan, follow up with disease activity scores in 28 joints (DAS28) of RA. Results: Were documented before and after with change in RA severity, which was assessed by Disease Activity Scores in 28 joints (DAS28). Before treatment the data were collected as per DAS28 and categorized into low disease activity, moderate disease activity and high disease activity. After intervention as per the “DAS28 improvement over time points” the response was recorded. As per the guidelines above data were interpreted in results.Statistical Analysis: Chi-square test for comparision of centesimal potency and placebo the chi-square equals to 32.593 with 1 degree of freedom. The two tailed P value is less than 0.0001. Hence the result was statistically significant difference (P

A Comparative Study of 50-Millesimal Potencies and Centesimal Potencies in the Treatment of Tinea Corporis: An Open, Randomised, Pilot Trial

Abstract Introduction Standard management of dermatophytosis involves the use of topical antifungals in limited disease and oral therapy for more extensive cases. Despite the evidences favouring homeopathy in tinea corporis (TC) is inadequate, patients are increasingly opting for it. This trial attempts to assess the feasibility of a trial evaluating individualised homeopathic (IH) medicines in centesimal and 50-millesimal potencies in treating TC. Methods An open, randomised, pilot feasibility trial was conducted at the dermatology outpatient of D. N. De Homoeopathic Medical College and Hospital, West Bengal, India. Patients were randomised to receive IH medicines in either centesimal potencies (n = 30) or in 50-millesimal potencies (n = 30). Primary outcome measure was intensity of pruritus on a 0 to 10 numeric rating scale; secondary outcomes were Skindex-29 and dermatology life quality index questionnaires—all measured at baseline, and after 6 and 12 weeks of intervention. Group differences were calculated on intention-to-treat (ITT) sample as well as following per protocol (PP) analysis. Results Recruitment and attrition rates were 69 and 16.7% respectively. Both ITT and PP analysis revealed that intra-group changes in both the primary and secondary outcomes to be statistically significant in both the groups (all p < 0.05, one-way repeated measure analysis of variance). There were no significant group differences over 6 and 12 weeks (all p > 0.05, unpaired t-tests); thus, indicating similar pattern of improvement in both the groups. Most frequently used medicines were Natrum sulphuricum (28.3%), Natrum muriaticum (25%), Sulphur (8.3%) and Bacillinum (6.7%). No harms, unintended effects, homeopathic aggravations or any serious adverse events were reported from either group. Conclusion An adequately powered trial exploring effectiveness of both scales in TC appeared to be feasible in future. Though the sample size was too small to arrive at any definite conclusion, both centesimal and 50-millesimal potencies of IH medicines appeared to be equally useful in improving pruritus intensity and quality of life in patients suffering from TC.

A case study on diabetic foot ulcer and its management

Diabetic foot ulcers are a common complication of poorly controlled diabetes, forming as a result of skin tissue breaking down and exposing the layers underneath. They are most common under the big toes and the balls of the feet, and they can affect the feet down to the bones. All people with Diabetes can develop foot ulcers and foot pain, but good foot care can help prevent them. One of the first signs of a foot ulcer is drainage from the foot that might stain the socks or leak out into the shoes. Unusual swelling, irritation, redness and disagreeable odour from one or both feet are also commonly early symptoms of a foot ulcer. The most visible sign of a serious foot ulcer is black tissue (called Eschar) surrounding the Ulcer. This forms because of an absence of healthy blood flow to the areas around the area around the Ulcer. Partial or complete gangrene, which refers to tissue death due to infections, can appear around the Ulcer. In this case, a malodorous discharge, pain, and numbness can occur. Case summary: This is a case of a patient suffering from Diabetic foot ulcer as a complication of unremittent diabetes. The patient was prescribed indicated Homoeopathic remedies. Individualized homoeopathic remedy Arsenicum album was prescribed in centesimal potency which gave a positive result in the treatment of diabetes. In about 2 months the affected R. foot was entirely cured off the symptoms.

Prepatellar bursitis and homoeopathy: A case report

A case of prepatellar bursitis presented with swelling on right knee joint in front of patella was treated successfully with Homoeopathy. Ruta graveolens in gradually increasing centesimal potencies were administered at various interval on the basis of symptomatology. After few months the swelling on patella completely decreased.

DSC reveals variation in enthalpy associated with free water molecules in water-ethanol solution exposed to x-rays and magnetic field

Aqueous ethanol is the standard medium for all drugs used in homeopathy. X-ray and Magnetispoli ambo are 2 homeopathic drugs prepared by exposure of aqueous ethanol to x-rays and static magnetic field, respectively.Mother tinctures (MT)weresuccessively diluted with solvent 1:100 and succussed in several steps to prepare centesimal potencies 8 cH, 14 cH and 32 cH. The solvent was processed in the same way. Although identical in chemical composition (0.03 molar ethanol) and water content (96%) these preparations like the Mother tinctures and three potencies of X-ray and Magnetispoli amboexhibit different therapeutic pathological effects. Potency 8cH of each preparation was diluted with water to reach concentrations 4%, 20%, 40% and 80% ethanol. The aim of the study was to establish whether these potencies exhibited variation in free water molecules. Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) of MT and potencies exhibited almost similar freezing and melting points, but they remarkably differed in freezing and melting enthalpy and free water molecules. The various dilutions of potency 8cH exhibited variation in enthalpies and free water molecules, being this variation independent of the amount of water added. We conclude that exposure of aqueous ethanol to x-rays and magnetic field, with subsequent dilution and agitation induces changes in the solvent involving free water molecules. All X-ray and Magnetispoli ambo potencies were analyzed by means of Raman spectroscopy for free water molecules. The results were compared to the ones of DSC, being more or less similar.

Preparation of Cancer Nosodes from specific cancer tissues

BACKGROUND
 Nosodes are ultra-dilute preparations made from diseased tissues or organisms used in homeopathy since 1830, more frequently used since 1880. Carcinosin is a commonly used nosode prepared from cancer tissues in the last part of the nineteenth century, of which the exact information is not known. Scientific information on histopathological characterization of the source material of Carcinosin made over 130 years ago is not available. The current therapeutic indications of Carcinosin have been largely empirical and clinically derived. In such a scenario, understanding the paramount importance of the cancer nosode, it’s revamping in the light of current scientific knowledge has been identified by the author. 
 
 MATERIALS AND METHODS
 Specific cancerous tissue samples were sourced for nosode preparation. Identified pieces of tissue were histopathologically diagnosed, thoroughly washed, quantified and triturated with powder of Saccharum lactis to prepare decimal potencies, as per standard method suggested in the Homoeopathy Pharmacopoeia of India. Centesimal potencies were prepared using electromechanical potentizer, documenting the force parameters.
 
 RESULT
 The Cancer Nosodes from specific cancer tissues were prepared in a systematic manner, which could be used for research as well as in clinical practice. 
 
 DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION
 The author has attempted scientific preparation of new cancer nosodes making them available to the profession. On similar lines, more of cancer tissues could be explored for making other nosodes.

A case report of oral mucous cyst and homoeopathy

Mucus cysts are very common in oral cavity. All ages groups are equally effected, it’s may be seen in child and also old age. Most frequently is seen in the lower lip. Most probable cause is trauma or habit of lip biting. Diagnosis is mainly established clinically due to its pathognomonic presentation. In allopathic point of view is surgical excision of the lesion usually treatment of choice. Case summary: This is a case the patient was suffering from oral mucosal cyst last one month having a small, painless, movable, and soft, in lower lip. The patients were prescribed indicated constitutional Homoeopathic medicines. Individualised homoeopathic medicine Nitric Acid was prescribed in centesimal potency which showed a positive role in the treatment of lower lip mucous cyst. Within two and half months inner side of lower lip mucous cyst was annihilated.