Centre Of Government Research Articles

Governance Framework of the Centre of Government

Abstract Research purpose. The study aims to analyse the existing governance framework within the Centre of Government (CoG) in Latvia, exploring operational functions of the CoG, including function implemented by the CoG – to participate in all selection and nomination processes of members of the supervisory boards of state-owned enterprises (SOEs), and to provide proposals for strengthening the governance framework of the CoG. Design / Methodology / Approach. To compose the framework of the study, the state institutions that constitute the CoG in Latvia were first identified. In the next step of the study, according to the structure defined for the Latvian CoG, a literature review and data analysis were conducted on: (a) governance and its key principles of good governance in public administration and corporate governance, (b) the operational functions performance within the CoG, including its participation in the process of members selection and nomination for the supervisory boards of SOEs. Based on the study results, suggestions for the system of criteria for the governance framework of the CoG were developed. Findings. Following the study into the governance framework of the CoG, it is discovered that effectiveness indicators are underused, and quality indicators need rationalization. The findings of the study suggest that the quality of the operational functions of CoG can be measured through the outcomes of the selection and nomination process for potential members of the supervisory boards of SOEs. Based on the study results, the following additional findings were made: (a) in order to achieve good corporate governance results in the selection and nomination process, it is necessary to utilize several additional criteria, which are essential not only for enhancing the effectiveness of the operational functions of CoG but also for effectiveness of the supervisory boards of SOEs; (b) to effectively ensure the development planning system’s process, thereby strengthening its governance, transparency and compliance throughout public administration, there is a necessity in Latvia to enhance the effectiveness of the document development, approval, and monitoring processes. Originality / Value / Practical implications. Proposed is a practically applicable criteria system, which allows to monitor and evaluate the management process at the CoG, thereby timely identifying areas of improvement and enhancing the overall quality of governance. The criteria system developed within the study can be flexibly adapted to governance framework development outside Latvia, particularly concerning issues related to the selection and nomination process and effective policy planning management. An original study approach has been implemented since the process of selection and nomination of supervisory board members of SOEs is considered in relation to the operational functions of the CoG.

Caregiver Burden and Quality of Life among Family Caregivers of Cancer Patients Admitted in Regional Cancer Centre Government Medical College, Jammu: A Prospective Observational Study

Caregiver Burden and Quality of Life among Family Caregivers of Cancer Patients Admitted in Regional Cancer Centre Government Medical College, Jammu: A Prospective Observational Study

CONSTITUTIONAL CONUNDRUMS: THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN GOVERNORS AND ELECTED GOVERNMENTS

India is a federal republic and envisages a parliamentary form of the government. The makers of the Constitution of India opted for the federal polity with a strong centre. The federal system not only ensures the efficient governance of the country but reconciles national unity with regional autonomy. The term federation has nowhere been used in the Constitution. Article 1 of the Constitution described India as the Union of States. It is so because Indian federation is not the result of agreement among states like American federation and States have no right to secede from the federation. Federation is Union because it is indestructible. The framers of the Indian Constitution defined Indian federation as an “Indestructible Union of Destructible States”. Indian Constitution has a dual structure of the government with the Union Government at the centre and State government at the periphery. It lays down the framework for the governance of the country including the position of the governor. The Governor holds an important position in a constitutional democracy. He acts as a counsellor or arbitrator rather than an active politician. He is responsible for the smooth functioning of the administration in the State. But with the time, several issues arose regarding the role of Governor in the state politics. Where there is a multi-party system, there has always been a tussle between the Governor and the elected Governments. As seen in the recent past, the Governor has been acting as an agent of the Centre rather than in the interest of State. This has created a major power struggle between the Government and State governments. It is a high time to review the office of the Governor. The paper discusses the need and importance of the office of the Governor in India The paper also focuses on the constitutional and judicial framework regarding the position of the governor and the reforms which must be brought in the office of the governor to strengthen the constitutional democracy. Also, the researcher has discussed the various recent controversies revolving around the office of the governor in various states.

Some Selected Secondary School Students Perception of the Quality of PGDE Teachers Trained by National Teachers Institute

This study samples the Perception of Secondary School Students on the quality of PGDE Teachers produced through National Teachers Institute (NTI) of Nigeria program. The study was guided by four hypothesis and three research questions. Stratified random sampling technique was adopted in selecting a sample of 100 Secondary School Students from National Mathematical Centre International Model Science Academy and Government Secondary School Hajj camp. Questionaire containing sixteen items was used to elicit information. The data collected was analysed. The findings were PGDE Teachers produced through NTI program are competent in the general studies aspect of education, competent in their area of specialisation and in the professional aspect of teacher education. Some gray areas were identified in the general studies aspect of education and recommendations were made on how to improve NTI program generally.

The Concept of Marx Happiness in China

China has been the socialist country since 1949, when the new country was established. Communist Party of China (CPC) selected Marxism as the governing ideology for China which is consistent with the hierarchical and centre government system. CPC is dedicated to improving happiness of society for the citizens within the framework of Marxism ideology. However, the concept of Marxism happiness, and its development are still limited in terms of understanding and study. This paper explored the development of concept of Marxism happiness through the different works of Marx from his early writing to the authoritative academic book. The researcher then defined the concept of Marxism Happiness. This paper employs document analysis and thematic analysis to provide a clear understanding of the concept of Marxism Happiness and its implication for the happiness of Chinese citizens, meanwhile, it would be conducive to the researchers and policy makers in ideological construction of a country.

A cascade training protocol for schoolteachers on oral health: Investigating the influence of primary and secondary mentors.

Oral health holds paramount importance for overall well-being, particularly among school-aged children, where inadequate oral health can cause significant discomfort and impede educational performance. Despite its critical nature, oral health awareness and practices within Indian school communities remain suboptimal. There exists an urgent necessity for efficacious educational initiatives to bridge this gap and foster oral health awareness among both schoolteachers and students. This monitored training introduces a pioneering cascade model training initiative aimed at evaluating its impact on enhancing oral health knowledge among schoolteachers and students in Indian schools. A total of 100 school teachers from 50 Centre government schools will undergo training in two distinct sessions. Following this, two teachers from each school will be selected to further train 24 class monitors from grades 6-9, who will subsequently impart knowledge to approximately 40 students per class. This phase of the training will be ongoing, ensuring training consistency through online supervision and active participation of the expert team in training activities with newly designated master trainers. Pre- and post-training assessments will be conducted at each level to gauge the monitored training's effectiveness. The entire training is projected to conclude within a year. This cascade model monitored training initiative represents a novel approach in promoting oral health awareness in Indian schools, marking a pioneering endeavor in this domain. Through this program, we aim to empower 1200 class monitors as master trainers and reach approximately 24,000 school students across 480 supervised training sessions. The establishment of master trainers through a cascade process, coupled with the engagement of the CDER expert team, ensures accurate dissemination of information at every stage. The comprehensive evaluation facilitated by pre- and post-training assessments at each level further enhances the program's effectiveness, laying a solid foundation for future oral health initiatives within school communities.

Social Status and Economy of Gujjar and Bakarwals of Jammu and Kashmir

The Union territory of Jammu and Kashmir is the paradise on earth and is the northern most part of India. It has unity in diversity as it bears multiple culture,ethnic communities and tribes . This study has analysed the social status and economy of gujjar and bakarwals tribes of jammmu and Kashmir. The study has revealed that gujjar and bakarwals of jammu and Kashmir are deprived and underprivileged. However due to continuous efforts of Department of tribal affairs government of Jammu and Kashmir and the broad vision of centre government for tribals has lead to a significant improvement in the lives of tribals of Jammu and Kashmir.

Floods- suffering fauna and remedies

Climatic changes are occurring at a faster pace than ever before and Natural disasters are occurring now more frequently. Floods, as one of the Natural disaster is causing heavy losses to human beings as well as to animals, especially livestock and wildlife. Fast and large volumes of water present in the floods, destroy vegetation and other habitat structures of the wild and domestic animals, in minutes, but it can take many years or decades to return, if ever possible. Animals that can fly, may be able to escape, depending upon the severity of weather system. Wild fauna have to face the challenge of finding food in extreme conditions, some may even compromise by reducing their energy requirements, or by ?sleeping? for extended periods. The extent to which wild animals are affected by floods will also depend upon their sensing ability of what?s going to happen and how to respond. Animals, which are having dependent young in burrows, may by the worst sufferers, animals facing flood may be trapped far away from their homes, facing panic and more enemy threats on return. Fast and huge volumes of water from floods can also carry high levels of pollution leading to killing or diseased condition of aquatic animals. Livestock impacted by floods, is mostly fatigued and stressed, upon approaching these animals, they may become aggressive and cause nuisance. Emergency plan should be ready all the time to save livestock. Advance planning for domestic and wild animals (which is mostly not paid attention) is needed in flood prone areas well in time to save them especially in developing countries. When flood comes, animals should be moved to safety, by opening gates and removing fencing. Local authorities and state as well as Centre Government can play an important role to reduce mortality and disease consequences. . KEYWORDS :Floods, Livestock, Climate change, Suffering fauna, Emergency plan

An explorative study to assess the factors influencing well-being of patients with End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) undergoing hemodialysis at dialysis units of selected hospitals of Bagalkot

Background: Kidneys are paired organ, occupying the lower position in the body and performing the upper most roles in homeostasis. Nowadays, chronic kidney disease (CKD) has been increasing due to various factors. Chronic Renal Failure is defined by the level of kidney function and the evidence of kidney damage. End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) is a known increasing public health concern globally. The irreversible advanced CKD leads to End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) where there is permanent loss of kidney function causing extreme mortality rates among this population1 Objective: Find the factors influencing wellbeing of patients with End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) undergoing hemodialysis. Methods: This cross-sectional study included a sample of 100 patients with End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) undergoing hemodialysis at Hanagal Shri Kumareshwar Hospital and Research Centre, Bagalkot and District Government Hospital, Bagalkot. Data were collected using self report method and Hospital’s records. Tools used for data collection were; socio-demographic questionnaire, Ryff’s Psychological Wellbeing scale and Centre for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D Scale), Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale – 7 (GAD-7). Multiple linear regression analysis was performed to find the significant predictors of Psychological Wellbeing. Results: A significant regression equation was found (F16, 99=4.5, R2=0.46, P=0.000). Social Support has positively predicted the Psychological Wellbeing of patients with End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) undergoing hemodialysis. Depression and Anxiety was the strongest negative predictors of Psychological Wellbeing of patients with End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) undergoing hemodialysis. Conclusion: Interventions aimed at management of depression, anxiety and strengthening of social support among patients with End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) undergoing hemodialysis would result in enhancement their Psychological Wellbeing.

Left partisan politics and pension privatisation at the crossroads of political legacy and contemporary politics (1980–2017)

AbstractPension reforms undertaken by affluent OECD countries in recent decades have resulted in substantial changes in the balance of public and private pension provision, characterised as a growing privatisation of old‐age incomes. However, research on the political determinants of this trend remains limited. The purpose of this paper is to analyse the political determinants of pension privatisation, and to bring partisan politics back into the theoretical framework of pension reforms. The focus is on left government strength, and a distinction is made between left government historical legacy and contemporary left government strength. Time‐series cross‐sectional regressions of pension privatisation on left government strength are performed, analysing 17 OECD countries during the period 1980–2017. The results show that partisan politics matter for pension privatisation, despite structural constraints imposed by demographic and economic factors. Left government historical legacy is associated with less privatisation compared to right and/or centre government historical legacy. Left government legacy also shapes the role of contemporary politics, as contemporary left parties in government tend to privatise less in the context of historically strong left parties in government.

Socio-Economical Status of Inter-State Migrant Workers in Tamil Nadu

Migration is an integral part of human history. It is world -wide phenomenon that affects the place of origin and destination of migrants. Migration has been understood as temporary or permanent shifting of place of labour from one region to another region, from one country to another country in a particular period of time. Migration has a number of socio-economic, cultural, political and demographic impacts on the lives of the migrant workers. There are many types of migration prevailing in India and elsewhere in the recent past, the inter-state migration has been most prevalent in the most of the Indian states. It is worthwhile to note here, the Inter-state migration poses a variety of challenges to state, for instance the state and centre government unable to keep record of data on the movement of migrant labour from one state to another state(s) or government at central and state level facing difficulties to assess their socio-economic abilities. This paper will explore the reasons for such migration, identify the socio-economic status of inter-state migrant workers and trying to frame suitable policy to enhance the livelihood of the migrant workers.

Interfaith mediation centre in promoting peace in Bauchi State, Nigeria

One of the main obstacles across the globe is a conflict between social groupings. Conflicts over religion, ethnicity, and post-election violence in Africa, and notably Nigeria, harm people's lives and livelihoods. Conflicts occurred in Kaduna, Plateau, and the Bauchi State over a period of time. There has been a public uproar due to the escalating crisis in Bauchi State. To promote peace-building in Bauchi State, Nigeria, this article attempts to investigate the causes that led to the formation of the Interfaith Mediation Centre. The John Paul Lederach theory of peace building served as the basis for this investigation. The study used a descriptive approach. Qualitative research design was employed. The main informants were chosen by the researcher from among Interfaith Mediation Centre personnel, religious leaders, and government officials using a purposive sample technique. Data were extracted from both primary and secondary sources of data collecting. Thematic content analysis was used for analysing the data. The results of the study showed that although the Interfaith Mediation Centre was founded in 1995 to address the problems of persistent ethno religious violence affecting Bauchi state, its main goal was to put an end the conflicts. Another research result supported the idea that IMC fosters peaceful communities in Bauchi and elsewhere through various forms of strategic involvement and mediation. Accordingly, the study concluded that the organization offers training materials to boost and develop peace-building ability, promote religious tolerance, ethnic unity, and the empowerment of women to inculcate the culture of peace. The study recommended that the Interfaith Mediation Centre should keep promoting dialogue among Muslims and Christians, and also promote peace education in the state.

How Cancer Care Developed in India in 75 Years of Independence-Tamil Nadu Scenario.

Tamil Nadu has always been in the forefront in medical care. This is also true in the field of cancer care. The predecessor of present Bernard Institute of Radiology (BIR) the Government X-ray Institute Chennai, Premier Radiological Institute and Cancer Hospital, Chennai and CMC Vellore Radiation oncology unit were all started pre independence. In the first 25years after independence, other centres like Cancer Institute (WIA) Adyar, Chennai; Valavadi Narayanaswamy Cancer Centre Coimbatore and Government Erskines (Rajaji) Hospital, Madurai started functioning. BIR started the first diploma and degree course in radiotherapy. Asia's first cobalt therapy unit commenced function from the Cancer Institute in 1957. The country's first nuclear medicine department, medical physics department, paediatric oncology department and medical oncology department were all started in the Cancer Institute. Its founder Dr. Muthulakshmi Reddy was a great social reformer. She and her son Dr. Krishnamurthi were keen followers of Gandhiji. In the next 25years, two new state government centres came up. The first linear accelerator in the country started functioning in the Cancer Institute. MSc (Medical Physics), MCh surgical oncology and DM medical oncology courses were stated at the Institute. Presently, there are about 100 centres functioning in the state with more than 300 qualified surgical, medical and radiation oncologists. Apollo cancer hospitals have contributed for some facilities like PET scan and proton therapy units for the first time in the country. There are about 12 hospital-based cancer registries in the state. Tamil Nadu cancer registry covers the entire 77 million population of the state. Population census-based rural free cancer screening program is conducted in four districts by the Cancer Institute. Jeevodaya is the country's second hospice facility started functioning in the suburb of Chennai from 1990 onwards. At present, there are several centres spread across the state involved in palliative care.

Changing Dynamics of Cropping Pattern and Constraints Perceived by the Vegetable Growers in Himachal Pradesh

Himachal Pradesh has various agro-climatic conditions suitable for producing a wide range of vegetable crops around the year. Sixty vegetable growers were selected from the Hamirpur district of Himachal Pradesh using a three-stage random sampling method. In the past 30 years, there was a massive reduction in cereals, pulses and oilseeds; it would be due to the introduction of vegetable crops. On average, the total area put under vegetable crops was 0.2974 and 0.3158 hectares during the summer and winter seasons, respectively, on the overall farm situation. The incidence of insect pests & diseases was the significant constraint related to production. Getting a loan from the bank was time-consuming, and lack of extension facilities were the most critical financial and institutional constraints, respectively. Training should be provided to the farmers to be aware of the latest technologies of KVKs and SAUs to overcome production constraints. For financial and institutional constraints, training camps should be held to provide knowledge about new schemes of state and centre government.

Prognostic significance of various biochemical markers in Corona virus disease (COVID)-19: A tertiary care hospital study in Kakinada East Godavari district, Andhra Pradesh

This study was conducted on covid 19 patients who admitted in various wards in tertiary care centre (Government general hospital, Kakinada) E.G, Dt, Andhra Pradesh, from the 1st November 2020 to 15th January 2021 before Immunization. And divided in to two groups male and female cases. This study involves estimation of Biochemical profile in all the admitted patients to predict the severity of the covid 19 disease at the time of admission in to the Hospital. To analyse and estimate the serum inflammatory markers like D dimer, Ferritin, C-Reactive Protein, LFT and RFT in Covid 19 patients and evaluate the relationship of inflammatory marker se D-Dimer with other inflammatory markers like Ferritin, CRP and biochemical markers like Creatinine and liver enzymes (OT, PT). We retrospectively analysed the Clinical features and lab parameters of 393 cases of Covid-19 admitted to tertiary care hospital GGH Kakinada. Plasma d dimer, serum CRP and ferritin were significantly raised in total covid 19 patients and more increased in males when compared with females. Biochemical parameters like creatinine and liver enzymes also elevated in total cases and more increased in males as compared with females suggest organ dysfunction and systemic inflammation. The most typical finding in patients with COVID-19 coagulopathy is an increased D dimer concentration, and the relationship between D-dimer levels and the other markers of inflammation like Ferritin, CRP in COVID-19 shows disease progression. We conclude that biochemical monitoring of Covid-19 patients helps in identifying critically ill patients even earlier, aiming to reduce mortality and improve the recovery rate.

Mapping the center of government in Latin America and the Caribbean: a typology

Abstract Over two decades ago, Bardach (1998, p. 4) highlighted a core problem of public administration: “Agencies cooperate? Of course not!” One of the solutions identified by scholars and practitioners has been the center of government (CoG), that is, organizations created by elected officials to facilitate inter-ministerial cooperation for the design and implementation of priority policies. Originally developed in European parliamentary systems or at Franklin Roosevelt’s presidential center in the United States, the CoG has recently gained momentum in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) after a collective effort between the IDB and the OECD. This paper maps the historical path and most recent institutional design of CoG organizations in 27 LAC countries as of 2020. The outcome of an exhaustive data collection process is a typology with five dimensions and 15 ideal types that help scholars and practitioners to better understand how and why these organizations have now been widely adopted in the region.

Trend of COVID-19 cases and health sector response in Nepal

We are facing global pandemic of novel corona virus diseases COVID-19 which is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). This paper is aimed to assess trend of COVID-19 cases and health sector response in Nepal. We reviewed WHO databases to observe the global trends and epidemiology of COVID-19 as well as daily situation updated reports of Health Emergency and Operation Centre (HEOC), guidelines, national and international government documents. The first case of COVID was reported in Nepal on 23 January 2020 and number of cases reached 454 on 21 May 2020. In order to address the increasing number of cases of COVID-19, Government of Nepal is adopting various preventive measures like extending lockdown period, setting up quarantine and isolation facilities, sealing borders, suspending flights, closing public places etc. There is need of joint effort by individuals, communities and government to prevent the further spread and flatten epidemic curve in Nepal.

The Synergity Between of Centre Governmental Institution and Regional Governmental Institution In The Services of Basic Education

The purpose in this study is 1) How about condition and education quality at the border state of Sanggau Regency; 2) How about the institution synergity between centre government and region government in services of elementary school at Sanggau Regency. Research Methode in this study is to Descriptive, qualitative approach. Collecting data technique by observation, interview and documentation. The technique of collecting informan: Purposive and data accidental analysis by Macc Nabb. The result of tis study is Improving the quality of education at border area is an important step to strengthen the national defense system through education and culture.

EPIC, Scottish Government's Centre of Expertise in Animal Disease Outbreaks: A Model for Provision of Risk-Based Evidence to Policy.

EPIC, Scottish Government's Centre of Expertise on Animal Disease Outbreaks, offers a successful and innovative model for provision of scientific advice and analysis to policy-makers in Scotland. In this paper, we describe EPIC's remit and operations, and reflect on three case studies which illustrate how the Centre of Expertise Model provides risk-based evidence through rapid access to emergency advice and analyses, estimating disease risks and improving disease detection, assessing different disease control options, and improving future risk resilience. The successes and challenges faced by EPIC and its members offer useful lessons for animal health researchers and authorities, working in contingency planning for animal health security in other countries.

How does the governance of the executive branch operate in democratic Brazil? An analysis of the Center of Government

ABSTRACT Introduction: This paper aims to analyze how the Center of Government (CoG) operates as units responsible for conducting the presidential agenda in contemporary Brazil. Materials and Methods: The study applied the theoretical approach of CoG as a governance arrangement and used qualitative and quantitative data to reach its objective. Besides the bibliographic review on the literature and official documents, the study synthesizes and deepens empirical data and information from a joint research project covering the period of political stability in Brazil, from 1995 to 2014, when elected presidents ended their terms. Results: The empirical findings confirm that CoG is a flexible and dynamic phenomenon. It puts a critical perspective on the normative “good governance” approach that overvalues its technical dimension and neglects its political aspect. Discussion: The inquiry results shed light on the importance of the relation between politics and policy, by demonstrating that CoG’s configuration and functions vary due to multiple causes, each president’s priority policy agenda is implemented with different strategies and; the prioritized policies follow a unique coordination logic inside the Brazilian federal government.