Centennial Anniversary Research Articles

Stroganov, M. (2023). Tver and environs after Pushkin: Essays on regional history through Pushkin studies. Tver: SFK-Ofis. (In Russ.)

The review discusses M. Stroganov’s new book of essays devoted to the problems of Pushkin studies by Tver-based scholars. The book includes written records about Pushkin’s contemporaries penned by the regional historians V. Mirolyubov and S. Fessalonitsky and treated as original sources, as well as N. Zhuravlyov’s account of the preparations for the centennial anniversary of Pushkin’s death in 1936. It is worth mentioning that the book also features documents invaluable from historical and literary perspectives: namely, family legends in the reminiscences of the Vulf clan: A. Ponafidina, O. Vulf, A. Bolt, and V. Bubnova. In his preamble to their publication, the author specifies the characteristics of family legend as a type of memoir and their genesis. Polemizing with the 20th-c. Pushkin scholars from Tver (G. Khodakov, N. Tsvetkov and others), Stroganov deconstructs the popular mythological notion of Pushkin’s itinerary in the Tver region and corrects the attribution of a whole host of poems allegedly written during Pushkin’s stay in the area.

“And What about Pushkin?”, or Unfulfilled Attempt of Boris Porshnev to Become a Scholar of Pushkin

The article elucidates a lesser-known facet of the eminent Soviet historian Boris Fedorovich Porshnev, whose acclaim stemmed from the publication of a study on popular movements in France before the Fronde in 1948. Choosing the path to science, B. F. Porshnev, as it turns out, tried to interpret Pushkin’s legacy on the eve of the centennial anniversary of the poet's death (1937). Upon scrutinizing Boris Porshnev’s handwritten records in the context of his life, it was ascertained that the historian had laid the groundwork, amassed copious material, and had clearly intended to pen and publish an extensive treatise on the oeuvre of A.S. Pushkin. . He had outlined a prospective publication in eleven overarching principles, which he intended to expound upon. Boris Porshnev was looking for a connection between the artistic side and the socio-political views of the poet. B. F. Porshnev was interested in the “historical foundations” of Pushkin’s work and its main themes. It seems that in formulating his 11 theses and answering the question “what about Pushkin?”, he followed the already officially declared stereotypical image, the rapidly emerging canon. The authorities envisaged leveraging the cultural capital of yore, and the historian appeared to cautiously navigate this nascent trajectory. The fundamental tenets of B. F. Porshnev’s depiction of Pushkin are as follows. Pushkin is not just a contemporary figure, but also aligned with socialism. He enjoys popularity and possesses international appeal. Examination of his works is imperative. Previous interpretations of the poet were incorrect. Two themes predominate in Pushkin’s work: the people as the creator of history and revolution. Pushkin is an implacable enemy of autocracy. The romantic idealization of revolution (rebellion), designed to subvert autocracy, is supplanted by disenchantment and the conviction that a triumphant revolution is viable in the West, where it was executed by the bourgeoisie, but impossible (“reckless”) in Russia. Pushkin ascribed the failure of the Russian revolution to the resilience of autocracy and the incapacity of the fading nobility to foment a revolution. This explication of the reasons for the revolution’s failure is deemed inaccurate. The actual cause, unbeknownst to the poet, is the absence of a proletariat in Russia.

Current advances in physiological science. In commemoration of centennial anniversary of the Department of Human and Animal Physiology of Moscow State University

Hereby we briefly review the articles that comprise the special issue of “Lomonosov Biology Journal” (“Vestnik Moskovskogo universiteta. Seria 16. Biologia”), which commemorates the centennial anniversary of the Department of Human and Animal Physiology of Lomonosov Moscow State University, founded by prominent Russian physiologist Alexander F. Samoilov. The main stages of the Department’s history are briefly described. The published studies of the leading Russian researchers, including the scientific research group from Department of Human and Animal Physiology, are discussed within the scope of main current challenges of physiological science.

Commemorating the monkey bars, catalyst of debate at the intersection of human evolutionary biology and public health.

Play is an essential part of childhood, and growing attention has focused on the potential health benefits of 'risky' or 'thrill-seeking' play. Such play behavior is readily observed on any playground, where it can sometimes lead to injuries--most often from fall impacts--that require medical attention. Monkey bars account for ~7% of childhood arm fractures in the USA, an alarming statistic that raises difficult questions over its costs and benefits. Many authors view monkey bars as a public health hazard, but it is plausible that our childhood impulse toward thrill-seeking play is a result of selective pressures throughout our primate evolutionary history. Indeed, emerging evidence suggests that the developmental benefits of thrill-seeking play extend into adulthood, outweighing the occasional costs of injury. Disparate and consequential, these dueling perspectives have fueled debate among health professionals and policymakers, but with little attention to the work of biological anthropologists. Here we call attention to the hominin fossil record and play behaviors of non-human primates, providing a novel perspective that bolsters arguments for the adaptive significance of thrill-seeking play. The moment for such a review is timely, for it commemorates the centennial anniversaries of two playground icons: the jungle gym and monkey bars.

Collective quantum phenomena and their applications

Collective quantum phenomena and their applications John H. Miller, Jr., University of Houston (UH), from the Dept. of Physics and Texas Center for Superconductivity, explains collective quantum phenomena and their applications. The evidence supporting the quantum behavior of electrons, as well as every other known particle in the universe, is overwhelming. On the centennial anniversary of Max Planck’s seminal paper on energy quantization (1), Kleppner and Jackiw pointed out, “Quantum theory is the most precisely tested and most successful theory in the history of science”. (2)

Reception of the figure of Mykhailo Hrushevskyi in diasporic historiography: a new historiographic meaningful

The article analyzes the first monograph of the historian Mykhailo Sabinskyi “The figure of Mykhailo Hrushevskyi in Ukrainian foreign historiography of the 1940s-1980s.”. The book highlights the complex processes of formation and disciplinary complication of diasporic Hrushevskiana. First of all, the author investigated that the period 1940-1965 is an important stage of Ukrainian diaspora historiography, which marked a gradual departure from the concepts and practices of mainland Ukrainian studies of the previous era and convergence with Western socio-humanitarianism. Next, M. Sabinskyi proved that the centenary anniversary of M. Hrushevskyi was a significant event in the intellectual life of Ukrainians abroad. Despite the stereotyped thinking of some diaspora figures, thanks to extensive media promotion and numerous public and scientific initiatives, it was possible to turn the personal date of the distinguished scientist into a holiday of Ukrainian culture, which is important for the consolidation of the emigrant community. The researcher showed that all this made possible the emergence of L. Vynar's disciplinary initiative to start scientific Hrushevskyi’s studies. The modern historian emphasized that the dynamism of the progress of this field of Ukrainian studies in the following decades allows us to confirm the power of the historiographical impulse given by the anniversary events. In conclusion, the author noted that the diasporic Hrushevskiana appears as a historiographical phenomenon that is complex in its ideological nature and diverse in its forms of realization and stylistic practices. Being a means of inter-party emigration confrontation in the first post-war years, it went through the stages of institutionalization and disciplinary formation during the following decades. As a result, a respectable field of Ukrainian studies emerged, whose representatives systematically interpret the national phenomenon of M. Hrushevskyi in the broad context of his time. It was the solid academic level of diaspora Hrushevskyi’s studies achieved at the end of the 1980s that enabled the significant achievements of mainland historiography in its study of the legacy of the historian after independence.

Visionary figures in the field of electrochemistry who revolutionized voltammetry

Understanding energetics and electron behavior has been pivotal in elucidating numerous fundamental phenomena, including electricity, corrosion, respiration, energy generation in biological systems, intermolecular interactions within living organisms, organic synthesis, drug development, enzyme functions, and the design of biosensors, among others. As 2024 records the centennial anniversary of the completion of the first polarograph by Nobel laureate Jaroslav Heyrovský (awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1959), it presents an opportune moment to pay tribute to several eminent electrochemists who have made significant contributions to the field of voltammetric techniques. Following our recent acknowledgment of the outstanding women who have made substantial contributions to voltammetry in a prior publication, this article aims to briefly highlight the major achievements of several distinguished male figures in the field (Jaroslav Heyrovský, Allen J. Bard, Christian Amatore, Richard Compton, Jean-Michel Savéant, Fraser Armstrong, Fritz Scholz, Joseph Wang, Milivoj Lovrić, Valentin Mirčeski, Alan M. Bond). Given that many of these remarkable personalities have contributed both as authors and referees for the Macedonian Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, this tribute serves as a fitting acknowledgment of their remarkable accomplishments on the occasion of the journal's 50th anniversary.

The problem of diplomatic recognition of the USSR by the Third Republic in the autumn of 1924: a view from France

The article examines the reaction of the French press to the diplomatic recognition of the USSR by the Third Republic, which took place on the initiative of the government of E. Herriot on October 28, 1924. The authors pay special attention to the role of the press in preparing public opinion for the future establishment of diplomatic relations. The study of the public discussion that broke out on the pages of newspapers allows us to analyze the attitude of various political forces of the Third Republic to the problem of prolonged recognition, as well as views on the evolution of the young Soviet state in the international arena, solutions to the problem of paying off debts of the Russian Empire and the future of Franco-Soviet trade relations. The centennial anniversary of the diplomatic recognition of the USSR by France serves as an additional incentive to explore new aspects of a landmark event in the history of international recognition of the USSR and Franco-Soviet relations in the interwar period. The scientific novelty of the proposed research lies in the involvement of a wide range of sources, as well as in the generalization of scientific literature on the studied problem. The authors of the article conclude that the active public discussion of France's recognition of the Soviet state on the pages of the central press lasted no more than a week, but demonstrated a clear polarization of opinions. The problems of "Russian debts", the rapprochement of the USSR with Germany, as well as the risks of "exporting the revolution" were discussed particularly acutely. The socialist newspapers, though restrained, undoubtedly welcomed the recognition of the USSR, while the right-wing bourgeois French press did not hesitate to express its extreme wariness and even hostility to the consequences of the decision.

Public Law Developments in Türkiye on Its Centennial

Abstract As the centennial anniversary of the Turkish Republic has been celebrated in 2023, by virtue of a dynamic interplay between law and politics both nationally and internationally, year 2023 has been a legally active one for Türkiye. The general elections and the presidential elections were held in May, and Recep Tayyip Erdoğan extended his twenty years of power by five more at the end of the second round, while AKP (Justice and Development Party, led by Erdoğan) once again became the leading political party in the Parliament. Along with the ongoing economic hardship the State is in for the last few years now, which was deteriorated with the devastating earthquakes of 6 February, and the wars in nearby countries, it may be submitted that the legal outlook has been heavily influenced by internal and external stress factors. This survey presents a selection of public law related legal developments that took place in Türkiye, between January and November of 2023.

Negotiating Danish identity with(in) Copenhagen's postcolonial landscape of commemoration

The paper investigates changes to Copenhagen's landscape of commemoration concerning its former colony, the Danish West Indies (DWI), prompted by the 2017 centennial anniversary of the Islands' sale to the US. It argues that Denmark, like other European nations, navigates a postcolonial identity crisis and that the landscape of commemoration plays a significant role within it. The paper advances our understanding of postcolonial Europe's identity crisis not only by shedding light on the under-explored case of Denmark, but also by emphasizing the role of the landscape of commemoration in this crisis. In addition to demonstrating how landscapes function as ‘arenas’ for negotiating expressions of hegemonic identity and territorial claims, it argues that the commemorative landscape is pivotal in tackling the construction of ‘Europe’ as a detached, self-made entity rather than a space (re)produced through connections with other (ed) places and people. It underscores that Europe's allegedly monochromatic historical fabric is woven from diverse global threads. Re-membering Europe with the people and regions vital to its (re)production re-writes them into European history and re-locates detached Europe (with)in the world.

Finding The Torch of United Methodist Hispanic Ministry in Texas and New Mexico

ABSTRACT At their 1971 annual meeting, the Rio Grande Conference (RGC) celebrated the centennial anniversary of the ordination of the first native Spanish speaking Methodist minister—Alejo Hernandez. To commemorate the event, Rev. Alfredo Náñez, D.D., gave a series of lectures tracing the Methodist church’s work amongst Hispanics in Texas and New Mexico. He charged the annual conference to carry forward the torch that spiritual ancestors such as Hernandez have passed to them. This article takes up the torch Náñez claimed in 1971, following the history of the RGC through to its churches’ mergers with other annual conferences. Tracing this history via membership statistics from 1971 to the present, this article shows that torch has dimmed over the last 50 years, despite the hard work of Rio Grande Conference clergy and to the detriment of the United Methodist Church’s ministry in Texas and New Mexico.

THE BOOK REVIEW - BARANOV A. G. EXPEDITION FOR THE PROCUREMENT OF STATE PAPERS-GOZNAK. PRODUCTION OF PAPER BANKNOTES IN RUSSIA IN 1914-1922. SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATION. M.: OLEG PAKHMUTOV PUBLISHING HOUSE. 2023, 460 P. WITH ILL

The book is based on extensive archival and collection material. There was studied in detail the work of the Expedition for the Procurement of State Papers (EZGB) and the Goznak factories for the production of state paper banknotes in 1914-1922. There are the political events, as well as technical and economic difficulties that became the reasons for both the organization of several regional printing factories, and for the simultaneous production and release of several types of paper banknotes. The author paid much attention to the technical and technological support for the production of paper money at that time. This book is dedicated to the centennial anniversary of the publication of the first specialized scientific publication «Soviet Bonist» in 1923.

Michael Collins at 100: Exaltation or Execration?

In the wake of the heightened attention accorded Michael Collins on the occasion of the centennial anniversary of his death in August 2022, this review essay addresses both the most recent and the most influential scholarly and popular treatments of his life and legacy. This material provides a window on both Ireland’s past and present – and also its future. When addressing Collins’s role in that contentious and much-contested past, new and more established scholarly studies by biographers and historians assist us not only to understand it better, but likewise also grasp the unique symbolic role that Collins occupies in Irish political life today. The fact is that many Irish people – and Irish Americans – simply cannot easily talk about Collins in balanced terms, or with the sort of historical detachment that they can bring to other bygone leaders of Ireland. He is a lightning rod for controversy in contemporary Ireland, with his very name sparking a debate whenever politically minded Irishmen get together. Unlike other Irish historical figures who have largely receded into the past, his life and death remain subjects of fascination on a national scale, with radio and television documentaries, fictionalised dramatisations, and even multimedia spectacles dedicated to the scrutiny of his brief life and tragic death. The review essay covers more than twenty biographies and biographical portraits, the majority of which have appeared in the twenty-first century, along with three dozen Collins-themed topical monographs as well as several research articles and selected pieces of journalism.

Евгений Иванович Тимонин: историк и педагог. 1927–2013 гг.

The article is a comprehensive study of the biography and scientific work of Evgeny Ivanovich Timonin. As part of the study of the biography, the author, actively relying on the poetic legacy of E. I. Timonin, publications in scientific journals and the press, restores the picture of rural life in Soviet Siberia in the 1920s and 1930s. Later, E. I. Timonin’s studies at Tomsk State University, his contacts with teachers and front-line students, are studied. The author of the article pays great attention to the service of E. I. Timonin worked at the Ministry of State Security of the USSR, his work at the Beloyarsk seven-year school, Omsk Higher School of Militia. A serious volume of the article is devoted to the analysis of E. I. Timonin’s cooperation with the Omsk regional organization of the society «Knowledge» and work after the collapse of the USSR. E. I. Timonin left 200 works on history and historiography, 10 monographs, 20 pamphlets and dozens of newspaper publications on the history of the region to future generations of historians. A more worthy monument to the historianresearcher could not be found. The article is intended to perpetuate the memory of E. I. Timonin, taking into account his centennial anniversary.

The centennial anniversary of the first census of urban population in the USSR and other achievements of researchers in the present and past in the field of population studies

The article explores significant milestones in the history of demography and population statistics, encompassing institutions, events, and notable figures. It delves into the biographies of scientists of the past who made noteworthy contributions to the study of various aspects of population issues. Reflecting on the lives and work of these great scientists is not just a tribute to their descendants; history should be revisited and reinterpreted by new generations, a right we can rightfully expect. The article also highlights the anniversaries of key publications and conferences; whose significance becomes more apparent when viewed from a distance.

Features of translation: A. Grin’s féerie “Scarlet Sails” in the Tatar language (based on the theatrical interpretation of the work)

Based on the theatrical interpretation of the work (the play of the same name by the G. Kariev Tatar Youth Theater), this article discusses the features of translation into the Tatar language of the story-féerie by A. Grin “Scarlet Sails”. The study reveals the specifics of the modern interpretation of the main storylines and the images – the characters from Grin’s work, presents the quotes with the original authorial translation (M. Khabutdinova), describes various techniques and means of theatrical art that make it possible to succinctly and expressively present the modern insights into the work that has celebrated its centennial anniversary. The article analyzes in detail the individual episodes of the play that have conceptual significance and the iconic mise en scene that receive a multi-aspect literary interpretation (in part due to the original translation of the text and its stage embodiment). The article characterizes all the components of the theatrical performance (its composition, choreography, musical accompaniment and the set design (scenery, stage costumes, props and furniture). Much attention is paid to the evaluation of the performers of both the main and supporting roles in the play, the nuances of the image interpretations by the actors of both casts (in particular, the images of Assol performed by Laysan Bolshova and Albina Nogmanova). The article focuses on the symbolic imagery in the production, thanks to which the traditional universal values, characteristic of A. Grin’s fairy tale, are organically embodied through the metaphor of the modern performance. The article rates the performance highly due to the efforts of the whole team of authors and actors who created a bright original play that is relevant for the modern youth audience.

Deciphering the Warburg Effect: Metabolic Reprogramming, Epigenetic Remodeling, and Cell Dedifferentiation

A century ago, Otto Heinrich Warburg made a seminal discovery now known as the Warburg effect. This metabolic signature, prevalent across all cancer cells, is characterized by the prominent shift of glucose metabolism toward lactate production instead of oxidative respiration. Warburg's pioneering theory suggested that the induction of the Warburg effect instigates dedifferentiation and the process of tumorigenesis, illuminating a fundamental mechanism underlying cancer development. To celebrate the centennial anniversary of Warburg's monumental finding, it is an appropriate moment to reflect upon and commemorate his revolutionary contributions to the fields of metabolism and cancer research. In this review, we explore the role of mitochondria in epigenetic regulation and the decisions governing cell fate from an evolutionary standpoint. Moreover, we summarize metabolic and genetic factors that trigger the Warburg effect, underscoring the therapeutic potential of mitochondrial uncoupling as a strategy to counter this metabolic aberration. Our goal is to elucidate the means to induce tumor differentiation through metabolic therapy, thereby laying a foundation toward the cure for cancer.

E. I. Nikitina’s practical methodology for speech development: traditions and innovations (to the centenary anniversary of the scientist’s birth)

The article provides a general idea of the formation and evolutionary dynamics of E. I. Nikitina’s methodological system created to develop schoolchildren’s speech. This approach is embodied in the teaching materials and study guides by the scientist-practitioner. The research convincingly proves that the scientist built and methodologically supported a holistic, multi-aspect system for the speech development of schoolchildren from the 1st to the 10th forms. E. I. Nikitina herself called it a practical methodology for speech development. As the main results of the study, this paper gives evidence that the textbooks by E. I. Nikitina, on the one hand, continue the Russian educational traditions of schoolchildren’s speech development. On the other hand, they facilitate those innovations that characterise the modern methodological system of teaching the Russian language. The article shows that E. I. Nikitina’s practical methodology for speech development is particularly notable for the systematic exploitation of the educational potential of Russian language lessons based on working with text. Moreover, her approach provides methodological support for forming students’ communicative competence; it promotes schoolchildren’s speech development in conjunction with the development of their thinking. The methodology is oriented to creative speech development in schoolchildren; it systematically implements problem-based learning techniques which are relevant in the modern educational paradigm, as well as facilitates critical thinking, reflective techniques, and so on.

Significance of Medium-Wave AM Radio Broadcasting for Enhanced Disaster Resilience in Japan: A Case Study in the Kanto Region and Fukui Using Nonpowered Hoop-Shaped Radio

On the occasion of centenary anniversary of the Great Kanto Earthquake and commencement of radio broadcasting in Japan, this study reiterates the paramount importance of medium-wave (MW) AM broadcasting in safeguarding public safety and security. Utilizing the electromagnetic principles of MW, the author has earlier developed hoop-shaped radio (HOOPRA), which is a battery-free sustainable radio receiver. This study aims to determine the maximum achievable reception distance with HOOPRA for broadcasts from public stations, such as Nihon Hoso Kyokai (NHK) JOFG (927 kHz, 5 kW) in Fukui; and NHK JOAK (594 kHz, 300 kW) and JOAB (693 kHz, 500 kW) in the Kanto region. The significance of the findings in this study is that approximately 38 million individuals in the Kanto region, residing within an 80-km radius of JOAK or JOAB, can access broadcasts using only the energy of radio waves with HOOPRA. Additionally, ∼0.4 million people in Fukui, within a 15-km radius of JOFG, can potentially be recipients of the broadcast. Given that most transmitting stations operate at 5-kW power nationwide, HOOPRA can be effectively utilized within a 15-km radius of each station. Moreover, these outcomes validate the efficacy of HOOPRA as a radio receiver and provide valuable insights into the global potential applicability of MW AM radios. Furthermore, the current investigation underscores the need to reevaluate the significance of terrestrial MW broadcasting as a vital source of emergency information, especially in the event of anticipated natural disasters, such as the predicted Nankai Trough Earthquake.

Speculative Undergrounds

The fraught tectonic history of Anatolia has given oil in Turkey an absent presence. In this article, I examine how oil’s absent presence produces a series of speculations in Turkish public life regarding oil’s alleged abundance and its obstructed production. In particular, I trace widespread speculations that claim that the Treaty of Lausanne, which founded Turkey in 1923, will expire on its centennial anniversary in July 2023. I argue that speculations about the expiration of Lausanne harken back to both anxieties around territorial partition and neo-imperial desires of expansion in contemporary Turkey. Such speculations are further utilized by the AKP government to reinterpret Turkey’s history and to legitimize expansionist and irredentist politics in the present. In this context the ground—what’s under it and who exerts political claims over it—becomes a productive zone in which multiple ethno-nationalist and imperialist notions of territorial belonging, loss, and desire are played out. I conclude that by recalibrating anthropological analyses around the generative powers of the geological, we can better understand how the indeterminacy of the underground entwines with the political legacies of post-imperial collapse and nation-state formation that emerged in the aftermath of World War I.