Cent Of Instances Research Articles

Short- and Long-Term Cause of Death in Patients Treated with Primary PCI for STEMI

Background: While the long-term cause of death in patients with STEMI is still undetermined, short-term mortality in patients experiencing PCI has been well-researched. Aims and Objectives: This study set out to investigate the connection among the time and cause of mortality rates in patients with STEMI who were receiving Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention. Materials and Methods: In 934 continuous patients with STEMI (age 60 ± 12 years, 72 per cent males) cured with primary PCI, the time and fatality were tracked using a centralized civil registration process, client files, and death cause and public disease registries with proper record linkage. Results: An average of 8 months was followed up with patients. 101 people passed away out of a total of 934 patients. Anoxic brain injury and cardiogenic shock following cardiac arrest were the two primary causes of death in the 1st1 30 days. The death rate was independently predicted by culprit vessel size, age, and flow, the prevalence of heart problems and Mellitus, and age. The yearly cardiac death rate is a little less than 1.5 per cent after thirty days. In 65 per cent of instances, non-cardiac mortality causes occurred after 30 days (mainly pulmonary diseases and malignancies). The death rates for all causes (including cardiac) at 30 days, 6 months, and over were 7.8 per cent (7.2 per cent), 11.2 (8.1 per cent), and 23.2 (13.7 per cent), accordingly. Conclusions: Patients with a good prognosis who survive the first month following a STEMI cured with PPCI have a less than 1.5 per cent monthly risk of subsequent cardiac mortality. Most of these individuals' later deaths occur from reasons other than cardiac ones. Keywords: Percutaneous Coronary Intervention, Cause of Mortality, Acute MI, Follow-up Study

From qualitative data to correlation using deep generative networks: Demonstrating the relation of nuclear position with the arrangement of actin filaments.

The cell nucleus is a dynamic structure that changes locales during cellular processes such as proliferation, differentiation, or migration, and its mispositioning is a hallmark of several disorders. As with most mechanobiological activities of adherent cells, the repositioning and anchoring of the nucleus are presumed to be associated with the organization of the cytoskeleton, the network of protein filaments providing structural integrity to the cells. However, demonstrating this correlation between cytoskeleton organization and nuclear position requires the parameterization of the extraordinarily intricate cytoskeletal fiber arrangements. Here, we show that this parameterization and demonstration can be achieved outside the limits of human conceptualization, using generative network and raw microscope images, relying on machine-driven interpretation and selection of parameterizable features. The developed transformer-based architecture was able to generate high-quality, completed images of more than 8,000 cells, using only information on actin filaments, predicting the presence of a nucleus and its exact localization in more than 70 per cent of instances. Our results demonstrate one of the most basic principles of mechanobiology with a remarkable level of significance. They also highlight the role of deep learning as a powerful tool in biology beyond data augmentation and analysis, capable of interpreting-unconstrained by the principles of human reasoning-complex biological systems from qualitative data.

‘Social Workers Failed to Heed Warnings’: A Text-Based Study of How a Profession is Portrayed in UK Newspapers

Abstract Previous research has indicated that social workers are portrayed negatively in the UK press, particularly in child protection cases. But what is the nature of this negativity? And are social workers also mentioned in more positive contexts? To explore these questions, a collection of three months of newspaper articles was compiled (early May to early August 2019), using the seed term ‘social worker(s)’. Almost 1,000 occurrences were located and categorised as ‘positive’ (6 per cent of instances), ‘negative’ (25 per cent) or ‘neutral’ (69 per cent). Further classification of negative instances indicates these concern social workers’ perceived failure to act rather than perceived over-zealous behaviour (ratio 5:2). Findings also suggest that the press tend to hold social workers to a higher moral standard in their everyday lives than is the case for other members of society. Understanding how social workers are portrayed in the press is important for practitioners in terms of recruitment, job satisfaction and retention. In addition, as newspapers are the major source of information on social work for members of the public, greater awareness could reduce the societal tendency towards finding individuals to blame.

Developing and assessing a graduate student reference service

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to formally assess the training program received by information studies graduate students and the reference services they provided at a research-intensive university. Design/methodology/approach A qualitative content analysis was used to evaluate if graduate students incorporated the training they received in their provision of reference services. The students’ virtual reference transcripts were coded to identify the level of questions asked, if a reference interview occurred and if different teaching methods were used by the students in their interactions. The in-person reference transactions recorded by the students were coded for the level of questions asked. Findings The main findings demonstrate a low frequency of reference interviews in chat interactions with a presence in only 23 per cent of instances while showing that instructional methods are highly used by graduate student reference assistants and are present in 66 per cent of chat conversations. Originality/value This study is of interest to academic libraries who wish to partner with information studies programs and schools to offer graduate students valuable work experience. It aims to show the value that graduate students can bring to reference services. Furthermore, it highlights the importance of continuously developing training programs and assessing the performance of graduate students working in these roles.

A sustainable approach to fostering agricultural knowledge sharing in conflict-affected areas of Eastern Ukraine

The agriculture sector of the Donbass Region in eastern Ukraine is facing serious challenges caused by the ongoing military conflict and consequent disruption of the earlier-established value chains. An advisory service potentially could help farmers to adapt to the changed circumstances. To inform the development process, an interview survey was conducted among 80 farmers in the region of their perceived information and advisory needs. Most interviewees stated that many issues affect the performance of their farm. Of all the given farmer × issue ‘interactions’ (i.e. a given farmer facing a specific issue), advice had been sought in around 70 per cent of instances. For any specific issue, most farmers sought advice from several sources. Interviewees attached very high importance to accessibility, convenience, previous personal experience, personal recommendation and confidence in the quality of advice given. Friends and family was the most popular source of advice, with farmers’ organisations, local government agencies and agricultural Internet portals all being consulted by more than half of the interviewees. Many other sources were used by fewer than ten farmers. Twelve interviewees said that they would seek advice from advisory services if this was available. Following the analysis of the questionnaire results, three farmer focus groups were held to help interpret them. We conclude that, even in the absence of a formal advisory service, many farmers in the region are actively acquiring and sharing knowledge and that the agricultural innovation system continues to function despite the disruption caused by the conflict. Any new intervention should recognise this fact and be designed to improve knowledge flows between actors further, rather than to replace those that currently exist.

Advanced imaging for the diagnosis of age‐related macular degeneration: a case vignettes study

BackgroundThe aim of this study is to evaluate the diagnosis, staging, imaging and management preferences, and the effect of advanced imaging among practising optometrists in age‐related macular degeneration (AMD).MethodsUp to 20 case vignettes (computer‐based case simulations) were completed online in a computer laboratory in random order by 81 practising optometrists of Australia. Each case presented findings from a randomly selected patient seen previously at the Centre for Eye Health for a macular assessment in the following order: case history, preliminary tests and colour fundus photography. Participants were prompted to provide their diagnosis, management and imaging preference. One additional imaging result (either modified fundus photographs and infrared images, fundus autofluorescence, or optical coherence tomography [OCT]) was then provided and the questions repeated. Finally, all imaging results were provided and the questions repeated a third time.ResultsA total of 1,436 responses were analysed. The presence of macular pathology in AMD was accurately detected in 94 per cent of instances. The overall diagnostic accuracy of AMD was 61 per cent using colour fundus photography. This improved by one per cent using one additional imaging modality and a further four per cent using all imaging. Across all responses, a greater improvement in the diagnostic accuracy of AMD occurred following the presentation of OCT findings (versus other modalities). OCT was the most preferred imaging modality for AMD, while multimodal imaging was of greatest benefit in cases more often misdiagnosed using colour fundus photography alone. Overall, the cohort also displayed a tendency to underestimate disease severity.ConclusionDespite reports that imaging technologies improve the stratification of AMD, our findings suggest that this effect may be small when applied among practising optometrists without additional or specific training.

Incidence and impact of dog attacks on guide dogs in the UK

In a retrospective survey, researchers identified 100 incidents of attacks on guide dogs by other dogs. These were reviewed in order to determine the number, severity and impact on the...

Incorporation of probabilistic seismic phase labels into a Bayesian multiple-event seismic locator

We add probabilistic phase labels to the multiple-event joint probability function of Myers et al. that formerly included event locations, traveltime corrections and arrival-time measurement precision. Prior information on any of the multiple-event parameters may be used. The phase-label model includes a null label that captures phases not belonging to the collection of phases under consideration. Using the Markov-Chain Monte Carlo method, samples are drawn from the multiple-event joint probability function to infer the posteriori distribution that is consistent with priors and the arrival-time data set. Using this approach phase-label error can be accessed and phase-label error is propagated to all other multiple-event parameters. We test the method using a ground-truth data set of nuclear explosions at the Nevada Test Site. We find that posteriori phase labels agree with the meticulously analysed data set in more than 97 per cent of instances and the results are robust even when the input phase-label information is discarded. Only when a large percentage of the arrival-time data are corrupted does prior phase label information improve resolution of multiple-event parameters. Simultaneous modelling of the entire multiple-event system results in accurate posteriori probability regions for each multiple-event parameter.

Prospective evaluation of the impact of [18F]fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose positron emission tomography of resectable colorectal liver metastases

The aim of this study was to assess the additional value of information provided by positron emission tomography (PET) with [(18)F]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG) over that provided by computed tomography (CT) in patients with resectable liver metastases from colorectal cancer. Between October 2001 and November 2002, a prospective double-blind comparison of preoperative FDG-PET and thoracoabdominal CT was performed in 53 patients with potentially resectable liver metastases from colorectal cancer. All resected metastases were subjected to histological examination. Histological examination confirmed the presence of malignant or benign lesions detected by PET and/or CT in 95 per cent of instances. Overall sensitivity (78 per cent) and accuracy (88 per cent) of PET were equivalent to those of CT (76 and 86 per cent respectively). The sensitivity of PET was equivalent to that of CT for hepatic sites (both 79 per cent), but was superior for extrahepatic abdominal sites (63 and 25 per cent respectively). PET provided additional information in five patients, mainly by revealing abdominal extrahepatic metastases, but falsely upstaged three patients. Whole-body FDG-PET may identify unrecognized extrahepatic metastases in patients with potentially resectable liver metastases imaged by CT. However, additional information provided by PET is not as reliable as suggested by earlier retrospective studies.

Assessment of survey radiography as a method for diagnosis of congenital cardiac disease in dogs

In order to assess the diagnostic accuracy of survey radiography for canine congenital cardiac anomalies, thoracic radiographs of 57 dogs with congenital cardiac anomalies, 31 normal dogs and 27 dogs with acquired cardiac disease were mixed, and reviewed by two independent observers, who were blinded to any patient information. The congenital anomalies were aortic stenosis (n=25), pulmonic stenosis (n=10), patent ductus arteriosus (n=9), ventricular septal defect (n=8), tricuspid dysplasia (n=3) and mitral dysplasia (n=2). Both observers were moderately accurate at identifying dogs with cardiac disease. Their ability to distinguish dogs with congenital versus acquired cardiac disease was poorer and this assessment was probably influenced by the recognition of patients that were skeletally immature, which biased observers towards a diagnosis of congenital cardiac anomaly. The diagnosis rate for specific congenital anomalies was also poor (the differential list included a correct diagnosis in only 40 and 37 per cent of cases). Radiographic signs of specific cardiac chamber enlargement or pulmonary vascular abnormalities were recognised by both observers in only 20 per cent of instances in which they might be expected. They were, however, recognised more frequently in dogs with anomalies that imposed a volume load on the heart than in dogs with anomalies that induced a pressure load on the organ. It is concluded that survey radiography is an inaccurate method for diagnosis of canine congenital cardiac anomalies because of the difficulty of recognising radiographic signs, which are not present in many cases.

Effects of menstrual cycle moods and symptoms on academic performance: a study of senior secondary school students.

Menstrual cycle moods and symptoms may well play a discernible role in the academic performance of some post-pubescent adolescent female students. It was expected that menstrually related moods and symptoms would have both negative and positive influences on academic learning outcomes, and that the magnitude of these effects would be directly proportional to the salience of such moods and symptoms across the monthly cycle. The sample comprised 427 post-pubescent female students (Years 10, 11, and 12) attending a number of senior secondary schools within the Melbourne metropolitan area, Australia. Given the sensitivity of conducting such a study, combined with the logistical difficulties of obtaining prospective data within school settings, retrospective Menstrual Distress Questionnaire (MDQ) scores were related to the previous end-of-year academic grades across a wide range of 18 senior school subjects. Despite the conservative design constraints and associated data analyses (correlations were not corrected for attenuation), some systematic effects were observed. At the premenstrual, menstrual, and intermenstrual phases, moods and symptoms significantly predicted grades in 14 per cent, 7 per cent, and 13 per cent of instances, respectively. Although most significant relationships were negative, scores on the MDQ Arousal scale for the intermenstrual phase positively predicted grades in English Literature, (general) Mathematics, Art and Craft, History, Mathematics 1, and Study of Society. Evidently, menstrual cycle variables play a small, but discernible role on academic learning outcomes, contributing both positively and negatively to performance. Future, prospective studies are now needed to provide a more definitive account of menstrual cycle influences on academic performance.

The North Staffordshire obstetric flying squad, 1986–1990

SummaryThe objective was to audit the activity of the North Staffordshire Maternity Hospital Obstetric Flying Squad using a retrospective case note and register review, covering 1986-1990.There were 132 calls, a rate of 4:1000 deliveries; all were domiciliary and the majority were within 5 miles of the hospital. Only 22 calls were professionally initiated. Bleeding was the commonest problem, though this was estimated to be less than 100 ml in 80 per cent. In 92 per cent of instances no action was necessary other than setting up an intravenous infusion and transporting the patient back to hospital.The current use of the obstetric flying squad to respond to domiciliary obstetric emergencies is redundant and usually inappropriate.

Orthodontic treatment in the General Dental Service assessed by the Occlusal Index.

As with all other aspects of health care, orthodontic treatment should be evaluated in as objective a manner as possible. In this study, the models of a sample of 256 patients treated by appliance therapy in the General Dental Service were examined. The Occlusal Index was first refined and variability in its use due to articulation and measurement errors was assessed. It was then used to quantify occlusal status both before and after treatment, and thereby monitor changes brought about by treatment. The mean Occlusal Index score at the beginning of treatment was 9.9. At the end of treatment, the mean score had dropped to 5.5. There was wide variation among individual cases, but some reduction was found in 88 per cent of instances. In 56 per cent of cases the reduction ranged up to 6 units, while in 29 per cent of cases the reduction was 6-12 units. However, in cases which started with a marked malocclusion, only about one-third showed a sizeable improvement. In about one-third of all cases there was little improvement in the malocclusion. While there is room for further refinement of the Occlusal Index to increase its usefulness in quantifying occlusal status brought about during orthodontic treatment, the present findings provide a basis for future comparisons.

Concordance Between Medical Records and Observations Regarding Information on Coordination of Care

This study was designed to determine the extent to which the medical record contained evidence of coordination of care. Coordination of care was defined as the recognition of information (problems, therapies, intervening visits and tests) about patients from one visit to a follow-up visit. Overall, there was concordance between the medical record and independent observation of the physician-patient interaction in 70-85 per cent of instances. When there was clear indication that the practitioner recognized the information, the chart contained evidence of this recognition 68-85 per cent of the time, depending on the type of information. However, if the information was highly salient, the record contained evidence of recognition in a much greater percentage of intances: 95 per cent for distinctly identified problems, 83 per cent for problems which were contained within the text of progress notes, 96 per cent for major drugs, and 94 per cent for abnormal tests. The data from this study support the less direct evidence of others that the medical record adequately reflects extent of recognition of important information about patients by practitioners.

A Study of Depression in Women: A Reply to Keith Hope's Critical Note

We welcome Dr. Hope's detailed comments on our paper, 'Social Class and psychiatric disturbance among women in an urban population* in Sociology , May 1975, and here take the opportunity of clarifying briefly, and in so far as we can with our present data, the questions he has raised. We shall deal with each of Dr. Hope's numbered points in turn: the first deal with the technical points concerning sampling etc. and the later ones with more fundamental issues. i(i) and (ii). We would not claim that our sampling procedure gives a completely representative sample. The register used as a sampling frame was that drawn up by the local authority for rating purposes. In about 7 per cent of instances the rateable unit was found to contain more than one household (defined by communal eating arrangements). In these cases a household was chosen at random. In 33 (15 per cent) of the 220 selected households there was more than one woman aged between 18 and 65 (the target population). In these cases a woman was selected at random from those eligible. There are two sorts of bias here: (a) women from households at multiple-household addresses (rateable units) would be expected to be underrepresented and those at one-household addresses over-represented, and (b) the procedure would also be expected to result in the under-representation of women in larger-than-average households since the sample was based on a frame unstratified by the number of target subjects in each sampling unit (household size here refers to the number of eligible women in the household). At this stage it is difficult to correct our overall estimates of event and disturbance rates etc. for these biases. These are in any case less critical than the causal model we have outlined and this would suffer only if the sample's shortcomings have resulted in spurious associations or in obscuring real links between the variables examined. We have no reason to believe that this has happened. The sample is too small to allow the sort of detailed examination of household composition Dr. Hope suggests in this regard, but we would point out that in our sample the distribution of the occupations of any male 'head of household' was very close to that provided by the 1961 census for men in Camberwell (see fn. 2, Brown et al., 1975). The defects of the sampling procedure are indeed unfortunate but, in the absence of a complete frame, could be avoided only by the use of more cumbersome methods having their own specific, and equally unwelcome, sources of bias. i (iii). The figure of 18 per cent in owner-occupied houses compares with 19 per cent for the Inner London boroughs, 36 per cent for the Greater London district as a whole, and 50 per cent for England and Wales (G.R.O., 1961). There is no reason to believe that the middleclass group in the old borough of Camberwell, who are concentrated largely around Dulwich, is in any way atypical of middle-class women in South London, although it might well be possible to find districts in London where middle-class women show higher rates of psychiatric disturbance (e.g. areas with heavy concentration of rented accommodation housing separated or divorced women). Their relatively low frequency of disturbance must not be interpreted as representing the frequency of 'psychiatric symptoms' among middle-class women. The 'cases' were, as is pointed out on p. 228 and fn. 3, the more severely disturbed among those having

The Natural History of Bacterial Colonization of the Newborn in a Maternity Hospital (Part II)

The object of this study was to determine the sources from which the newborn infant derives his bacterial flora during the first 5 days after birth. Detailed bacteriological data was obtained from 193 mothers antenatally and during labour, and from their infants on the day of birth and on Day 5. Organisms were typed by appropriate methods and the 193 mother-baby pairs declared to be a 'match' or a 'non-match' according as to whether or not identical bacteria were isolated from both members of the pair. Weekly swabs from hands and noses of staff were taken throughout the 12 months of the study. Swabs were also taken from the environment and air samples from different areas in the hospital. In approximately one third of infants the colonizing bacteria are derived from their mothers, in over 70 per cent of instances from the mother's rectum. The mother's birth canal is not a common source of bacteria and there is no direct relationship with the noses or hands of staff. Artificial feeds are not a source of the colonizing bacteria. The overall distribution of the bacterial species in the infants differed from that found in the hospital environment but this does, none the less, constitute a reservoir of bacteria which is being continually replenished from human sources. Pathogens such as Staph, aureus and Strep. pyogenes are no longer commonly found in newborn infants in the modern maternity hospital, but the need for continual vigilance and an efficient bacteriological service in all maternity units has been in no way diminished.

Multiple differences in red cell antigens and isoimmunization.

Data available for 175 families with maternal isoimmunization to red blood cell antigens, exclusive of A, B, and Rho, were analyzed for interaction of unrelated antigens. In 153 families the mother developed antibodies for single antigens, distributed among seven blood group systems; rare, high frequency antigens; and unclassified antigens. The immunizing fetal red blood cells ABO-incompatible with the mother in less than 5 per cent of instances, a finding attesting to the impact of ABO incompatibility on immunogenicity of most red blood cell antigens. No evidence was found for interference with immunization to one particular red blood cell antigen by simultaneous differences in unrelated antigens. Maternal immunization to more than one red blood cell antigen, encountered in 22 families, was associated in 13 instances with preceding blood transfusion to the mother and/or pregnancies in which fetal red blood cells contained only one of the immunizing antigens. In six of the remaining nine instances of multiple isoimmunization, Kidd antibodies were involved. Preceding immunization to a variety of red blood cell antigens was noted to interfere with immunization to potent immunogens: Rho (nine instances of complete, and one instance of partial, suppression), hr' (eight instances of suppression), and K (two instances of suppression). A mechanism, designated as "diversion of antigen", was proposed in order to explain the phenomena observed in human isoimmunization as well as in animal models in which preceding immunization to one red blood cell antigen affects immune responses to red blood cells carrying the immunizing and additional antigens.

Endometrial biopsy: Another look

Another look is taken at 20,677 endometrial biopsies; this technique is presented as a practical and economical means of achieving early detection and diagnosis of endometrial carcinoma. A total of 187 were detected; 32 (17 per cent) were asymptomatic. Routine Papanicolaou smear was helpful in only 26 per cent of instances. Eleven carcinomas (5.9 per cent) could not be diagnosed by endometrial biopsy because of stenosis of the cervix or obstructing tumors. Reference is made to 225 associated Gravlee washes. A detailed report will follow. The author emphasizes that any technique is of value only when positive or atypical and if it alerts the physician that further tests should be done.

Diagnostic value of lymphocyturia in renal allograft rejection in man

Fresh urine specimens in 34 selected renal allograft recipients were examined for the presence of pyronine-positive lymphocytes on 678 occasions during a two-year follow-up period. During the period of observation 15 clinical episodes of allograft rejection diagnosed by a variety of other tests and frequently confirmed by biopsy, correlated 100 per cent with the presence of a significant number of urinary pyronine-positive lymphocytes. No false positive or negative results were noted. These episodes occurred up to nine months after renal allotransplantation. In more than 80 per cent of instances in this carefully selected series, the pyronine-positive urinary lymphocytes were detected two to seven days prior to the clinical diagnosis of renal allograft rejection by other means. Thus this test is a valuable tool for follow-up monitoring of renal allograft recipients.

The place of surgery in epileptic children and adolescents with mesial temporal (Ammon's horn) sclerosis

MESIAL temporal sclerosis, or Ammon's horn sclerosis, as it used to be called, is the commonest single lesion to be found at autopsy in the brains of epileptic patients who die a natural death. Whenever it does occur, it is unilateral in 80 per cent of instances. Recent evidence suggests that, although there may be some genetic factor, it is really an acquired lesion, and is commonly the result of some hypoxic episode occurring in infancy, such as a severe febrile convulsion. Post-natal and birth injuries play but little part.