Cent Level Of Significance Research Articles

Challenges of accountability in Nigeria: the role of deposit money bank

PurposeThe unhealthy drive for deposit in the banking sector has pushed many banks into unethical practices, thereby resulting in high-level corruption cases in the banking sector. The purpose of this study is to investigate the short- and long-run linkages between bank net interest income and deposit liabilities interacted with corruption, to establish the influence of corruption in deposit mobilisation drive of banks in Nigeria. Also, the study analysed the causal relationship between selected bank variables and fraud.Design/methodology/approachThe study used quarterly data on selected variables from 1Q 1993 to 4Q 2017 sourced from Nigerian Deposit Insurance Corporation (NDIC) annual reports and Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) Statistical Bulletin of various issues. Deposit Money Bank various deposit liabilities are interacted with a corruption index and used as the independent variables, while bank earnings serve as the dependent variable. Error Correction Model (ECM) and Engel Granger approach to co-integration technique were used to analyse the data.FindingsThe findings reveal that various bank deposit liabilities interacted with corruption index has a negative effect on bank profitability in the long run, though only corrupt fixed deposit is statistically significant at the 5 per cent significance level. Bank total asset, total loan and advances and fraud have a significant effect on bank profitability at 1 and 10 per cent significance level. The findings also reveal that banks profit from corrupt fixed deposit and demand deposit in the short run.Social implicationsTextOriginality/valueThe literature is awash with bank lending corruption and various institutional factors such as competition among banks, credit bureau and information sharing about borrowers, bank supervisory policies, loan loss provisioning, bank ownership structure and regulatory environment and anti-corruption measures. The aspect of deposit mobilisation and corruption has not been well researched in literature; this study, therefore, fills the gap in the literature by examining the extent deposit money banks contributed to corruption in Nigeria through their cutthroat deposit mobilisation drive.

Determinants of disclosure of intangible assets for the Commercial banking sector in Egypt

This study examined the determinant of Commercial Banking Sector Intangible Asset Disclosure in Egypt. For the period 2010-2019 a sample of (17) selected banks were used. The thesis was based on the concept of both Ex-post facto and quantitative studies and used secondary data for interpretation. The data gathered were analyzed using descriptive statistics, matrix of correlation and regression of ordinary least square. The result indicated that there is a substantial and negative interaction between bank size and Intangible Asset Disclosure which was statistically significant at 5 per cent significant level while a favorable and significant relationship was reported against Bank Age and Intangible Asset Disclosure which was statistically significant at 1 per cent significance level. The finding shows that all the independent variables of our sampled banks over the 10-year period accounted for 71 percent of the system variation in Intangible Asset Disclosure, while about 29 percent of the total variations were not accounted for, thus captured by the stochastic error term. The study therefore recommends, among others, that a reduction in the size of banks should be encouraged as it enhances the disclosure of intangible assets among banks in Egypt while encouraging the existence of old generation banks (Al Ahly Bank-Bank Misr) as it helps to comply with disclosure policy.

Relationship between the socio-economic characteristics of the beneficiary farmers with their perception towards development programmes in Kerala State

The agricultural scenario in Kerala is somewhat unique and distinct from many other states in India in terms of land utilization pattern and the cropping pattern. Even though, improved educational opportunities and overseas migration prospects adversely affected the agriculture, the agrarian distress. Government efforts should not only foster the production and productivity, but also needs to retain a competitive and enthusiastic community in farming for future generation too. The present research paper was focused on the assessment of the relationship of profile characteristic with welfare and perception of beneficiaries on the development programmes. The study was conducted during 2017-18 in the state of Kerala, India. Palakkad district of Kerala state was purposively identified among them Chittur and Kuzhalmannam blocks were selected based on the ratio of cultivator population to total population. Thirty each in seven combinations formed a total of 210 respondents. All the respondents availed thebenefitsof one or more development programmes. The variables extension contact, extension participation, assistance from external agency, risk orientation, economic motivation, scientific orientation and information sharing behavior of farmers were showing a positive correlation with welfare index at one per cent level ofsignificance. Three variables viz., farming experience, farming commitment and orientation towards incentives had positive significant relationship with perception at one per cent level ofprobability.The study shows that there is positive influence of communication and psychologicalbehavior of the farmers towards their welfare. It is suggested that, there is a need of government assistant to extension agencies to influence the farmer’s communication and psychological behavior for their welfare and their perception.

Financial stability and entrepreneurship development in sub-Sahara Africa: Implications for sustainable development goals

This study examined the relationship between financial stability and entrepreneurship development in Sub-Sahara Africa, thereby scaling up the achievement of SDGs 1, 5, 8, 9, 10 and 12. The study made use of pooled data from 24 sub-Sahara Africa countries covering the period from 2004 to 2017. The method of analysis utilised is the pooled ordinary least squares (OLS) and random effects techniques. The findings revealed that financial stability (which measures the financial strength of the banks, real economic stability and the level of financial market development in the region) have a significant positive effect on entrepreneurship development at one per cent (1 per cent) significance level in the study period. The findings of the study suggest that stability in the financial environment facilitates the provision of credit facilities for entrepreneurship and promotion of new business start-up in the study area. The result also shows that East African countries make a significant positive contribution to entrepreneurship development in terms of responsiveness to changes in financial stability, governance, strong institutions, economic development and human capital development than other regions in the continent. The policy implication of the study highlights the need to build strong institutions in Sub-Sahara Africa and the need for inclusive growth which has a direct effect on the citizens in terms of employment generation, poverty alleviation, good health and improve the standard of living. Human capital development should be the primary focus for governments in the region since national development depends on the level of the human capital.

Comprehensive Reward System, Employee Motivation and Turnover Intention: Evidence from Nepali Banking Industry

Background: Employee motivation and employee turnover are central issues in the modern organizations as human capital is the most important intangible asset for organizational productivity. Attitude, skills and knowledge of employees create the competitive advantage of the organization. It is the growing challenge for retaining competent and professional employees in the organization within the increasing global opportunities. Employee motivation, satisfaction, job burnout, turnover are being common challenges to the management. To cope with such challenges, organizations should have strategic focus on comprehensive reward system.
 Objectives: This study aims at exploring the factors of comprehensive reward system. More specifically, relationships between the components of comprehensive reward system and employee motivation are examined. Finally, the impact of employee motivation derived from reward system was tested with employee turnover intention.
 Methods: This study was conducted with descriptive-correlational research design that follows quantitative approach. Primary data for each variable was collected from 200employees holding different positions in different banks. A 5-Point Likert Scale was used to collect major responses on the variables. Descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and regression analysis were used to test the hypothesis. Inferences were made on five per cent and one per cent level of significance.
 Result: Results of the study revealed that compensation, benefits, work-life balance, performance recognition and empowerment and career opportunity were the major factors as the components of comprehensive reward system. It was found that these factors had significant positive relationship with employee motivation. Results also revealed the negative significant relationship between employee motivation and their turnover intention.
 Conclusion: Employees of Nepali banking industry strongly believe in comprehensive reward system ranging from economic benefits to the personal growth. It is also concluded, with supporting the theory that employee motivation helps to solve the employee turnover intention.
 Implications: To solve the high corporate movement of employees in Nepali banks, this study provides a key insight for focusing on comprehensive reward system.

Analyzing Demographic Context of Rural Households by Food Poverty level: A Case of Humbo District, Southern Ethiopia

The major objective of this study was analyzing the demographic context of rural households by food poverty level: A case of Humbo district, Southern Ethiopia. To achieve this objective, relevant data were collected through a structured interview. The generated data were computed through descriptive (frequencies, percentages, ratios, mean values, standard deviation, standard error) and t-test inferential statistics to analyze desired household characteristics to poor and non-poor categories in Humbo district. Hence, comparing with non-poor rural households, poor rural households have less average of family size in Humbo district than non-poor households showing significant difference at 1 per cent significance level. There was an insignificant mean difference between poor and non-poor concerning dependency ratio, average age household heads and the female-male ratio of rural households at 5 per cent significance level in Humbo district. Our final conclusion was that effort should be made to improve those identified the demographic factors to alleviate rural food poverty of Humbo district.

The Extent Contribution of Independent Variables to the Knowledge and Adoption of Mobile Agro-advisory Services by the Farmers in Udupi District of Karnataka State of India

The study was conducted during 2016-17 in Udupi district of Karnataka state of India. The farmers who are registered for mobile agro-advisory services for receiving all agricultural information through SMS were considered as a target group for the study. There were 4000 registered Agro-met Advisory users and 1400 registered users in KVK. Among those registered farmers 40 farmers from each existing three taluks viz. Udupi, Karkala & Kundapur were selected as respondents for the study. Thus the sample size of the study comprises of 120 respondents. The contribution of selected independent variable with the knowledge and adoption were analysed. It could be observed from the results that, ‘F' value (6.412) obtained was significant at one per cent level of significance indicating that all the independent variables put together contributed significantly to the variation in the extent of the knowledge level of the farmers. The coefficient of determination (R2) was 0.5316, which revealed that the variation in the extent of knowledge about mobile messages by the farmers was together explained by all the independent variables selected for the study. It could be observed from the results that, ‘F' value (5.160) obtained was significant at one per cent level of significance indicating that, all the independent variables put together contributed significantly to the variation in the extent of adoption of mobile agro-advisory services by the farmers. The coefficient of determination (R2) was 0.408, which revealed that the variation in the extent of adoption of mobile agro-advisory services by the farmers was together explained by all the independent variables selected for the study. Hence, the present study helps the Krishi Vignan Kendras (KVKs) and Government for further improvement in providing mobile agro-advisory services to the farming community.

Seasonal pattern and change in prices of soybean in Southern Rajasthan

The present investigation was conducted on seasonal pattern of prices of soybean in selected district of Southern Rajasthan. For workout the seasonal pattern, secondary data was collected from 2000 to 2014 from publish government sources. Four markets were selected from four selected district namely Pratapgarh, Chittorgarh, Bhilwara and Banswara. Pearson correlation co-efficient (r) was calculated between market arrivals and prices of soybean for different years. The correlation coefficient between monthly arrivals and prices of soybean were negative in all the markets. This reveals that prices of soybean are governed by factors such as presence of processing units and competition prevailing between purchasers etc. in addition to the arrival of the crop. Correlation co-efficient for all the markets in the corresponding months were significant at 1 or 5 per cent level of significance. Thus, monthly arrivals of soybean and wholesale prices were significantly and negatively correlated in the corresponding months. The pattern of prices of soybean in different seasons showed that farmers got maximum higher price by sale of soybean in lean season over the sale in peak season. Thus, the carrying of soybean to the mid and lean seasons of the year is advantageous for the producer farmers.

An assessment of education, in-service training and tenure prolongation as methods for enhancing nursing performance.

The purpose of this paper is to provide an empirical basis for considering in-service training, tenure prolongation and continuing education as methods for enhancing nursing performance. A self-reported questionnaire was used to collect data from 532 nurses, who were selected using the simple random sampling method from ten hospitals in Accra North, Ghana. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to test the study's hypotheses. The resulting model is of good fit at 5 per cent significance level (χ2=1.492, p=0.222), with in-service training found to be the ultimate method for enhancing nursing performance. The fitted CFA model also shows that in-service training is positively associated with education and tenure at 1 per cent significance level (p<0.001). The overall evidence suggests that training, continuing formal education and tenure prolongation are methods for improving nursing performance. Apart from its contribution to the literature, this study applies validated primary data to empirically identify key methods for enhancing nursing performance.

The association between nurses’ religiousness and job satisfaction

PurposeThis study aims to assess the effect of religiosity on the job satisfaction of nurses in response to the paucity of studies that have investigated this relationship in a health care setting. The authors also tested the moderation impact of materialism on the religiosity–satisfaction nexus.Design/methodology/approachThe quantitative (correlational) research technique was applied to test hypotheses of interest. The simple random sampling method was used to select a representative sample of 458 nurses. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to examine the factor structures of relevant constructs and to test hypotheses. The study’s ultimate CFA model produced a good fit at 5 per cent significance level [Chi-square (χ2) = 19.121; p = 0.454].FindingsReligiosity was found to make a positive effect on job satisfaction and a negative effect on materialism. Materialism makes a negative effect on job satisfaction. Religiosity and materialism makes a significant negative interaction effect on nurses’ satisfaction after controlling for job income.Practical implicationsIt is therefore concluded that religiosity is a positive behaviour that contributes to the satisfaction of nurses, but materialism must be avoided or at least reduced to maximise this impact.Originality/valueIn this study, the authors demonstrate that the positive effect of religiousness on job satisfaction can be negatively moderated by materialism so that religiousness makes less impact on satisfaction owing to the negative influence of materialism on job satisfaction.

Urbanisation, local food crop production and tourism output of Pakistan

AbstractThe high rate of urban population growth is one of the major problems constraining the growth of urban centres. The main aim of this paper is to examine the relationship between urbanisation, local food crop production and the tourism output of Pakistan. The findings show that a 1 per cent increase in local food crop production will increase tourism output by 1.77 per cent, at the 1 per cent level of significance, holding all other variables constant. There is a unidirectional causality running from local food crop production to urbanisation. This study has implications for policy‐makers and practitioners.

Enhancing nurses’ job satisfaction through remuneration: can materialism be a threat?

PurposeMaterialism has been reported to be on the increase among health workers, a situation that can oppose the expected effect of remuneration on nurses’ satisfaction. The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of materialism on the remuneration–satisfaction relationship in an attempt to know if materialism is a negative behaviour that can counter efforts to increase nurses’ satisfaction through remuneration.Design/methodology/approachThe quantitative (correlational) research technique was applied to test hypotheses of interest, with relevant confounding variables controlled for. The simple random sampling method was used to select a representative sample of 458 nurses. A self-reported questionnaire was used to gather data. The authors used structural equation modelling (SEM) to examine the factor structures of the measurement scales used in this study and to test hypotheses.FindingsThe study’s ultimate structural model produced a good fit at 5 per cent significance level [Chi-square = 11.654; p = 0.309]. After controlling for the relevant variables, remuneration makes a significant positive effect on the satisfaction of nurses, whereas materialism makes a negative effect on it. Materialism interacts with remuneration to make a significant negative effect on job satisfaction.Originality/valueThis study adds to the literature and adjusts for a unique set of relevant confounding variables in testing the primary relationships.

A Mediation Effect of Job Satisfaction and Affective Commitment in Relationship Between Passion and Work Intentions after Retirement

The aim of this study is to identify an intention towards work after retirement. This article examines the multilevel sequential mediating role of job satisfaction and affective commitment in the relationship between passion for work and intention towards work. This study has used 310 respondents retired from government jobs and data are collected through a well-administered questionnaire. Smart partial least square-structural equation modelling (SmartPLS-SEM) was used to analyse data. Path analysis of the structural model revealed that passion for work has a significant relationship with job satisfaction, affective commitment and intention towards work. The findings of the analysis show that the multilevel mediator model is significant ( β = 0.08, p &lt; 0.05) at the 5 per cent level of significance. This study supports the satisfaction-commitment model and creates intention towards work after retirement. This research is unique in the sense that it relates passion for work and satisfaction-commitment model with the work intentions of the retired persons.

Openness in Financial Services Trade and Financial Development: Evidence from the BRICS Economies

This article investigates the long-run relationship between openness in financial services trade (OPTIFS) and financial development in five BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa) economies, for the period of 1990–2012. It is found that the variables under consideration possess a long-run relationship in the mentioned economies. Fully modified ordinary least square (FMOLS) and dynamic ordinary least square (DOLS) have been performed to find the long-run coefficient of the variables. Results from FMOLS and DOLS have confirmed that OPTIFS has a positive and significant impact on financial development. The study reveals that 1 per cent increase in trade in financial services causes 0.109 increase in total credit to private sector, which is used as a proxy for financial development, indicating that the government should try to remove barriers from trade in financial services in order to develop better financial structure, thereby promoting further growth. It is also found that some of the control variables like gross savings and gross domestic product have positive and significant impact on financial development at 5 per cent level of significance

Management behaviour of the farmers in relation to improved cultivation of hybrid rice in Satna district (M.P.)

Hybrid rice technology appears to be a feasible and readily available option for raising the yield potential. However, there is still scope for raising hybrid rice production in Satna district by adoption of recommended practices of hybrid rice by the All India Co-ordinated Rice Improvement Project (ICAR) College of Agriculture Rewa (M.P.). The present study was carried out in Satna district of Madhya Pradesh to assess management behaviour of the farmers in relation to improved cultivation of hybrid rice with a sample of 120 hybrid rice growers. The study revealed that among all the components of management behaviour of hybrid rice cultivation in highest mean score was observed in technology management (1.35), followed by labour management (1.28) and planning (1.19). It was also found that 49.17 per cent respondents showed medium extent of management of improved hybrid rice production technology, while 28.33 per cent respondents showed low extent of management of improved hybrid rice production technology and remaining 25.50 per cent showed high extent of management of improved hybrid rice production technology. The data indicate that the characteristics as education, size of land holding, farming experience, source of information, contract with extension agents, mass media exposure, innovativeness, economic motivation, risk orientation and decision making had significant relationship at 5 per cent level of significance with the management of improved hybrid rice cultivation practices.

Organizational Governance Maturity and Its Impact on Internal Audit Activity

This paper examined organizational governance maturity and its impact on internal audit activities of public establishments in Edo state. To achieve this, the paper gathered relevant data from a primary source with the aid of duly administered questionnaire to audit staff of public enterprises in Benin city, Edo State. However, the ordinary least square statistical techniques were used to analyze the data gathered. From the analysis, the paper concluded that both management support and management perception had no significant impact on public enterprises in Benin City at 5 per cent level of significance. And based on the findings of the study, the paper recommended that there is a need for increased management support activity and enhance management perception of the working of the internal audit unit so as to enhance their operational efficiency. Keywords : internal audit, management support, management perception and governance maturity DOI : 10.7176/EJBM/11-5-01

Public Social Expenditures and Economic Growth: Evidence from Selected High Income States of India

The main objective of the study is to empirically evaluate the impact of the public social expenditures (education and health)on economic growth and direction of causality among the variables used at the disaggregate level (top high-incomestates of India) using time series econometric models and data set covering the period 1990–1991 to 2016–2017. The study employed the public social human capital expenditures on education and health to capture the economic growth of the states. The empirical results of the ADF test showed that the time series variables used are all stationary at first order difference at 5 per cent level of significance. The estimated results of the cointegration test showed that there was an absence of co-integration relationship (no long-run relationship) among the variables in the states of Gujarat, Jammu and Kashmir, Maharashtra and Punjab. The results of Wald statistic indicated that neither short run nor long-run causality run from education expenditure and health expenditure to the economic growth of Tamil Nadu and West Bengal. The findings of this study may be helpful for the policy-makers to amend the existing policies and budgetary allocation for the health care and education sectors of the study states.

Drug and Substance Abuse: A Rampant Issue?

Background: Transformasi Nasional 2050 (TN50), a new initiative of Malaysia to take the country to greater heights in 2050 would be strenuous if drug abuse among the younger generation in the country is becoming a serious concern. The upward trend recorded involves primary and secondary school children and also students from institutions of higher learning would disrupt the resilience of human capital of a nation. Thus, the increase in the number of drug addicts among youth and social problems relating to drugs which are on the rise is worrisome and needs to be curbed. Objective: This preliminary study is conducted to highlight factors such as knowledge on drugs, environment, lifestyle and law awareness of drugs are of importance that may have impact on drug and substance abuse among college students. Results:270 samples from seven (7) colleges were collected of which about 53 per cent of the respondents are female and the remainder 47 per cent is male. The reliability test of Cronbach alpha scored a highly preferable value of 0.788. Using a binary logistic regression analysis, four of the independent variables i.e. parent’s marital status and estimated family’s income are found to be significant at 5 per cent significance level. On the other hand, environment and law awareness are significant at 1 per cent and 5 per cent level of significance, respectively. Conclusion: This paper therefore concludes that marital status, family income, environment and law awareness are significant factors in explaining drug and substance abuse among youths.

Relationship between profile characteristics and knowledge of IPM practices in cabbage

The study was an “expost-facto” research carried out in Belagavi and Haveri districts of Karnataka State during the year 2017- 18. Three taluks were selected from each district based on the highest area. The total sample size was 150. Variables such as age, family size, social participation, scientific orientation, economic motivation were not significantly related with knowledge about IPM practices. Variables such as education, cabbage farming experience, annual income, extension contact and mass media exposure have positive significant relationship at one per cent level of significance. Farm resource base was positively and significantly related with knowledge about IPM practices at 5 per cent level of significance.

Okay to Stay? A new plan to help people with long-term conditions remain in their own homes.

AimsTo assess the 'Okay to Stay' plan to investigate if this reduces visits to emergency departments, unplanned admissions and elective admission to hospital in elderly patients with long-term health conditions. BACKGROUND: The incidence of long-term conditions is rising as the elderly population increases, resulting in more people from this group attending emergency departments and being admitted to hospital. Okay to Stay is a simple plan for people with long-term conditions to help them remain in their own home if they suffer an acute exacerbation in their health. It was co-designed with professional and patient representatives with the aim of empowering patients and their carers to more effectively manage their long-term conditions. METHODS: Data from 50 patients (20 males, 30 females, mean baseline age 77.5 years) were compared 12 months before implementation of the plan and in the subsequent 12 months, with the significance of effects assessed at the 5 per cent significance level using t-tests.FindingsVisits to emergency departments were reduced by 1.86; unplanned emergency admissions were reduced by 1.28 and planned elective admissions were raised by 0.22 admissions per annum. The reduction in visits to the emergency department was significant (p = 0.009) and the reduction in emergency admissions was significant (p = 0.015). The change in elective admissions was not significant (p = 0.855). The Okay to Stay plan is effective in reducing visits to the emergency department and unplanned hospital admissions in people with long-term conditions. This is a positive step to supporting vulnerable and complex patients who are cared for at home, and facilitates the recognition by the individual of the possibility to stay at home with the support of health professionals. There are potential cost benefits to the investment of initiating an Okay to Stay plan through the avoidance of visits to the emergency department and non-elective admissions to hospital.