Cent Of Men Research Articles

Gender Differences in Intra-Household Efficiency: Evidence from an Investment Game Between Spouses in India

In this paper, I test for gender differences in intra-household allocative efficiency through a laboratory experiment with established married couples in India. The experiment presents the couple with the opportunity to earn 50 per cent of daily household expenditure. Spouses played an investment game where one spouse was randomly assigned to the role of sender and the other to receiver. The setting of the game is unique in several ways. There is perfect information over strategies, actions, and final payoffs. Second mover spouses can react to the first movers’ actions, which is rare in intra-household experiments. The unitary and cooperative models of the household are rejected as only 5 per cent of men and 2 per cent of women in the sender role play the household earnings maximising strategy. Women send significantly less money than their male counterparts. Women (senders) who keep more money are those in households where husbands’ tobacco consumption is largest costing households the equivalent of 30 per cent of daily household expenditure. The results indicate that households operate under non-cooperative bargaining contracts where women are willing to incur costs to maintain control over money.

Male Sexual Dysfunction and Hypogonadism in Young Adults with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Cross Sectional Study

Background: Male sexual dysfunction (MSD) is a common occurrence in diabetic patients, which is not routinely assessed in clinical settings. Aim: The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of MSD and hypogonadism in young type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients aged between 20 and 40 years and its association with duration, glycaemic control and complications of diabetes. Settings and Design: This is a cross-sectional study involving 70 men with T2DM of 20–40 years of age visiting the endocrinology department in a tertiary care centre. This study was conducted from November 2021 to March 2023. Materials and Methods: Seventy subjects satisfying inclusion criteria were included in the study and assessed using the International Index of Erectile Function-15 questionnaire, intravaginal ejaculation latency time, androgen deficiency in ageing male questionnaire, hormonal parameters (Luteinising Hormone, Follicle stimulating hormone, Testosterone and sex hormone-binding globulin) and penile Doppler. Statistical Analysis Used: The statistical analysis was done using SPSS version 21. A P < 0.05 is considered statistically significant. Data were checked for normality using Kolmogorov–Smirnov and Shapiro–Wilk tests. For determining statistical significance between continuous variables with non-normal data, the Mann–Whitney U test and Kruskal–Wallis tests were used. Pie charts, bar diagrams and scatter plots were used for descriptive statistics. Frequency, percentage, means, median, range and standard deviation were used for all quantitative data. The Chi-square test was used to find a significant association between categorical variables. Results: Sixty per cent of men had at least one form of MSD. Hypoactive sexual desire disorder (HSDD) - 44.28% was the most common MSD, followed by erectile dysfunction (ED) - 42.85% and ejaculatory disorders - 18.57%. Penile Doppler was done in 15 patients, of whom 9 patients had normal Doppler, venous incompetence was present in 3, followed by mixed (arterial and venous) in 2 and arterial insufficiency in 1 subject. Hypogonadism was present in 27.14% of men and secondary hypogonadism was the most common cause (84.21%). There was a significant association between neuropathy and ED and between hypogonadism and HSDD. There was also a significant association between fasting plasma glucose, post-prandial plasma glucose and MSD. Conclusion: MSD is common in young T2DM men, which should be given due importance in clinical practice to improve their quality of life. Glycaemic control is of utmost importance in these men.

Trade Liberalization and Female Employment in the East African Community

The United Nations reported that just 47 per cent of women of working age participated in the labour market in 2020, compared to 74 per cent of men. Although there have been significant changes in the Gross Domestic Product and trade structure, structural changes in employment have been negligible in Sub-Saharan Africa and particularly in The East African Community. Despite being above the Sub-Saharan Africa average female Employment to Population, all the East African Community member states that are the focus of this study have had a declining Employment to employment-to-population ratio. The primary goal of this study is to look into the impact of trade integration on gender outcomes in the East African Community. This was achieved by combining the Phillips and Okuns law to link the relationship between unemployment and its direct and indirect variables. Annual panel data between 2000 to 2021 was utilised. The results show that trade openness has a depressing effect on the share of women employed in the agricultural sector and a positive effect on the share of female employment in the services sector. This trend could be explained by the closeness of the sectors, meaning that female workers do not need new skills to move between the agricultural and services sectors. For women to take advantage of job opportunities in the services sector that improve inequality there is a need to reskill women so that they can take advantage of higher-level job opportunities in the services sector.

Development and validation of cardiovascular risk prediction equations in 76 000 people with known cardiovascular disease.

Multiple health administrative databases can be individually linked in Aotearoa New Zealand, using encrypted identifiers. These databases were used to develop cardiovascular risk prediction equations for patients with known cardiovascular disease (CVD). Administrative health databases were linked to identify all people aged 18-84 years with known CVD, living in Auckland and Northland, Aotearoa New Zealand, on 1 January 2014. The cohort was followed until study outcome, death, or 5 years. The study outcome was death or hospitalization due to ischaemic heart disease, stroke, heart failure, or peripheral vascular disease. Sex-specific 5-year CVD risk prediction equations were developed using multivariable Fine and Gray models. A total of 43 862 men {median age: 67 years [interquartile range (IQR): 59-75]} and 32 724 women [median age: 70 years (IQR: 60-77)] had 14 252 and 9551 cardiovascular events, respectively. Equations were well calibrated with good discrimination. Increasing age and deprivation, recent cardiovascular hospitalization, Mori ethnicity, smoking history, heart failure, diabetes, chronic renal disease, atrial fibrillation, use of blood pressure lowering and anti-thrombotic drugs, haemoglobin A1c, total cholesterol/HDL cholesterol, and creatinine were statistically significant independent predictors of the study outcome. Fourteen per cent of men and 23% of women had predicted 5-year cardiovascular risk <15%, while 28 and 24% had ≥40% risk. Robust cardiovascular risk prediction equations were developed from linked routine health databases, a currently underutilized resource worldwide. The marked heterogeneity demonstrated in predicted risk suggests that preventive therapy in people with known CVD would be better informed by risk stratification beyond a one-size-fits-all high-risk categorization.

Sexual harassment, sexual assault and rape by colleagues in the surgical workforce, and how women and men are living different realities: observational study using NHS population-derived weights.

This observational study, paired with National Health Service (NHS) workforce population data, examined gender differences in surgical workforce members' experiences with sexual misconduct (sexual harassment, sexual assault, rape) among colleagues in the past 5 years, and their views of the adequacy of accountable organizations in dealing with this issue. This was a survey of UK surgical workforce members, recruited via surgical organizations. Some 1704 individuals participated, with 1434 (51.5 per cent women) eligible for primary unweighted analyses. Weighted analyses, grounded in NHS England surgical workforce population data, used 756 NHS England participants. Weighted and unweighted analyses showed that, compared with men, women were significantly more likely to report witnessing, and be a target of, sexual misconduct. Among women, 63.3 per cent reported being the target of sexual harassment versus 23.7 per cent of men (89.5 per cent witnessing versus 81.0 per cent of men). Additionally, 29.9 per cent of women had been sexually assaulted versus 6.9 per cent of men (35.9 per cent witnessing versus 17.1 per cent of men), with 10.9 per cent of women experiencing forced physical contact for career opportunities (a form of sexual assault) versus 0.7 per cent of men. Being raped by a colleague was reported by 0.8 per cent of women versus 0.1 per cent of men (1.9 per cent witnessing versus 0.6 per cent of men). Evaluations of organizations' adequacy in handling sexual misconduct were significantly lower among women than men, ranging from a low of 15.1 per cent for the General Medical Council to a high of 31.1 per cent for the Royal Colleges (men's evaluations: 48.6 and 60.2 per cent respectively). Sexual misconduct in the past 5 years has been experienced widely, with women affected disproportionately. Accountable organizations are not regarded as dealing adequately with this issue.

Digital competence landscape in public libraries: examining the role of age and gender in the development of digital skills

PurposeAs part of the EFOP-3.3.3-VEKOP-16–2016-00001 “Museum and Library Development for All” project, a national representative digital literacy survey was conducted in Hungary's public libraries at the end of 2019. The aim of the present study is to provide a deeper analysis of the data collected during the survey to answer the question of the role of gender and age in the development of digital skills amongst librarians working in public libraries. This study was designed to answer the following four research questions: Are there levels of proficiency defined by DigComp 2.1 that are more specific to men or more specific to women? Are there areas of competence and competences that are clearly perceived as stronger or weaker for men or women? Are there areas of competence that are clearly influenced by age and others that are not or only moderately influenced by age? Which competences are clearly age-related, and which are not or only slightly affected by age?Design/methodology/approachThe main target group of the study were library professionals working in county libraries. The survey, based on the DigComp 2.1 (Gomez et al., 2017) framework, was conducted using an online questionnaire in the form of a self-assessment and explored four levels of digital literacy. A 30-question questionnaire was completed by 1,868 respondents. The sampling procedure was essentially stratified sampling. The large number of respondents and the sampling procedure combined with the representativeness of the sample meant that the results of the survey can be considered as generalisable to the whole Hungarian public library sector.FindingsOf the five competency areas assessed by the DigComp framework, librarians were found to be most competent in information and data literacy, and least competent in content development, according to the proportion of those with basic skills. 32 percent of women and 22 percent of men working in libraries rated their digital skills as basic, and both groups were weak or less weak in the same skills, with a few exceptions. At the intermediate level, there is a predominance of women. In the information and communication competency areas and in the content development and integrating and re-elaborating digital content in the content creation area, a high proportion of women consider their digital skills to be medium. Relatively few men rate their own competence in these areas as average. They are most likely to have advanced and highly specialised skills. The advanced level in DigComp2.1 implies, in addition to strong digital skills, the willingness and ability to help others, while the highly specialised level requires innovative and creative use of digital technology and knowledge transfer. These top two skill levels are more common amongst men. 34 per cent of men and 27 per cent of women have advanced skills, while 13 per cent of men and 6 per cent of women have highly specialised’s level. The age of librarians has only a minimal influence in certain areas of competence and for certain competences. Skills in the information and data literacy competency area are less age sensitive. For the data management competency, which requires more technological skills, a stronger correlation between age and skill levels is observed, especially for basic and highly specialised skills. In the communication competence area, the youngest age group of librarians has the highest percentage of advanced and the lowest percentage of basic level. The proportion of advanced learners decreases steadily as age groups progress and the proportion of basic learners increases at a similar steady rate. The effect of age on the content creation is much more modest than expected. Age clearly has an impact on the safety competence area. As age increases, the proportion of those at advanced level decreases and the proportion at basic level increases. Age also has a significant effect on the problem-solving competence area. One in two librarians in the 50 and 60s have only basic level skills, compared to one in four in the youngest age group and one in three in the 40s.Originality/valueUsing the DigComp 2.1 framework, a digital competence survey of a whole professional group of library professionals working in public libraries in Hungary was carried out. The study provides new insights into the impact of gender and age as variables on digital competence.

Impact of mentoring on the likelihood of getting jobs in the agricultural sector in Benin

ABSTRACT This study evaluates the impact of mentoring programs on the likelihood of getting a job in the agricultural sector after a one-year experiment conducted in Benin. The program provides graduates in agriculture-related fields with capacity building (digital skills, job search skills, and interpersonal skills) – as well as the support of a professional who is either a junior (junior model) or a senior (senior model) – as they seek jobs. The evaluation framework followed a mixed-methods design that incorporated survey data and qualitative data. The findings from the randomised controlled trial (RCT) showed a positive impact of the senior mentoring model, which increased the likelihood of getting a job in the agricultural sector by 16.4 per cent. In addition, the senior mentoring model had more impact on the likelihood of getting a job for both genders with an increase of 18.7 per cent for men and 11.9 per cent for women. Furthermore, mentees valued receiving practical career-related assistance, a realistic perspective on the workplace, and psychological and emotional support. The study suggests the need for a comprehensive policy package by policymakers and the institutionalisation of a formal mentoring program by youth-serving organisations based on the senior model.

Navigating parenthood in the surgical profession: mixed-methods study.

Significant barriers exist to surgeons being good parents and parents being good surgeons, and these barriers are heightened for women. Considering the gender balance now present in postgraduate medical schools, it is critical that these barriers are overcome if surgery is to attract and retain applicants. This study aimed to investigate patterns of parenthood in surgery, explore associated attitudes and experiences, and identify barriers and solutions within an Australian and New Zealand context. Surgeons and trainees were invited to participate in a survey and focus groups. Quantitative results were described, and textual responses and focus group transcriptions were analysed thematically. There were 261 survey respondents (62.8 per cent women, 37.2 per cent men) and six focus groups (34 participants). Of the survey respondents, 79.6 per cent of women and 86.5 per cent of men had children. Women were more likely to time childbirth around training or work, and most respondents without children attributed this to their career. Tensions between parenthood and surgery engendered guilt for surgeon-parents. Parenthood was often the 'elephant in the room' in training and employment discussions. Breaking the silence around parenthood and surgery made it more acceptable, normalising positive behaviour changes. The major barrier to parenthood and surgery was the lack of flexible training opportunities. Participants called for top-down establishment of mandated, stand-alone, permanent part-time training positions. Many barriers to parenthood in surgery are created by rigid workplace and professional structures that are reflective of male-dominated historical norms. A willingness to be flexible, innovative and rethink models of training and employment is central to change.

The effect of National Sports Events on Women and Gender in Sports in Juba, South Sudan

The purpose of this article is twofold: first, to understand the reality of gender disparities in sport in South Sudan, which has not been fully understood; and second, to examine the effects of sporting event interventions, such as whether they can improve gender disparities in sport. In order to achieve the research objectives, quantitative household surveys, focus group discussions and key informant interviews were conducted with Juba citizens before and after the national sporting event held in Juba in 2020. Regarding the reality of gender disparities in sport in Juba, contrary to expectations, we found that more than 75 per cent of men and more than half of women play sports in Juba. However, a breakdown by sport shows that the sports actually played and participation rates are highly skewed by gender; men for football and women for volleyball. Furthermore, it was found that the national sport event intervention increases the probability of playing sport and the number of days playing sport for women more than for men. These findings suggest that the more sport events can be held, the more gender disparities in sport can be improved in South Sudan. In South Sudan, where patriarchy persists, the results show that increasing women's participation in sport may not only reduce gender disparities, but may also entail a change in the traditional social norm to date that women should focus only on childcare and housework.

Gender differential in low psychological health and low subjective well-being among older adults in India: With special focus on childless older adults.

BackgroundGender and health are two factors that shape the quality of life in old age. Previous available literature established an associaton between various demographic and socio-economic factors with the health and well-being of older adults in India; however, the influence of childless aged is neglected. Therefore, the study examined the gender differential in psychological health and subjective well-being among older adults, focusing on childless older adults.MethodologyThis study utilized data from Building a Knowledge Base on Population Aging in India (BKPAI). Psychological health and subjective well-being were examined for 9541 older adults aged 60 years & above. Descriptive statistics and bivariate analysis were used to find the preliminary results. Further, multivariate analysis has been done to fulfill the objective of the study.ResultsAround one-fifth (21.2%) of the men reported low psychological health, whereas around one-fourth (25.5%) of the women reported low psychological health. Further, around 24 per cent of men and 29 per cent of women reported low subjective well-being. Results found that low psychological well-being (OR = 1.87, C.I. = 1.16–3.01), as well as low subjective well-being (OR = 1.78, C.I. = 1.15–2.76), was higher in childless older women than in childless older men. Higher education, community involvement, good self-rated health, richest wealth quintile, and residing in urban areas significantly decrease the odds of low subjective well-being and low psychological well-being among older adults.ConclusionThere is a need to improve older adults’ psychological health and subjective well-being through expanded welfare provisions, especially for childless older adults. Moreover, there is an immediate requirement to cater to the needs of poor and uneducated older adults.

Физкультурно-спортивные предпочтения работников нефтегазодобывающих предприятий: поведенческие и биологические факторы

The relevance of this study is due to the need to optimize the physical activity of workers engaged in heavy physical labor, which is impossible without taking into account their physical culture and sports preferences. The aim of the study was to identify the physical culture and sports preferences of employees of oil and gas production enterprises, as well as factors that characterize the features of their motor behavior and body functioning. To analyze the subjects' physical culture and sports preferences and features of physical activity, a survey was conducted; the Attitude to Competitive Physical Culture and Sports Activities questionnaire was used; the heart rate variability was studied using the hardware and software complex “Omega”. The significance of the difference in the characteristics in the compared groups was verified using the Mann-Whitney U-test. The study involved 49 men of mature age who are engaged in professional activities at oil and gas production enterprises, using out-of-hours means of physical culture and sports of a recreational or sports orientation. The subjects were differentiated based on their physical culture and sports preferences, depending on the manifestation of rivalry in them: 1) with individual rivalry (n1=19); 2) with team rivalry (n2=15); 3) with avoiding open rivalry (n3=15). All the men who prefer martial arts did sports in the past or continue to do sports in the present. Of those who prefer team sports, this is 80%, and of those who avoid open competition, preferring individual running, recreational walking or strength training, this is 54%. All representatives of the first group systematically engage in physical culture and sports. Thirty-three per cent of men who prefer activities without rivalry and seven per cent of men doing team sports do sports from time to time. Subjective readiness to participate in physical culture and sports events is more evident in men who prefer martial arts. To a lesser extent, men from the third group are ready to participate in events with the manifestation of maximum physical capabilities. The indicator that characterizes the interest in knowledge in the field of physical culture and sports, as well as the activity of attracting other people to participate in competitions, prevails among men who prefer martial arts. The most optimal indicators of the activity of regulatory systems are observed in men who prefer team sports. In subjects who engage in martial arts in their free time, the indicators of the autonomic regulation of the heart are also within the normal range, but closer to the border that characterizes the transition from the vegetative balance to the predominance of the sympathetic department. In the representatives of the third group who refuse open competition and prefer individual activities, there is a more pronounced tension of the regulatory systems. The results obtained should be taken into account when developing corporate programs to optimize the physical activity of employees of oil and gas producing enterprises.

Cancer risk of CT scan in COVID-19: Resolving the dilemma.

Cancer risk of CT scan in COVID-19: Resolving the dilemma.

Attitude of men and women towards use of mobile phone

Information and Communication Technology (ICT) is a tool which benefits all spectrums of people in the world and reach millions of people every day. Recent developments in the fields of information and communication technology are undeniably revolutionary in nature. Information has become the principal determinant of the progress of nations, communities and individual. There is a potential for ICTs to purge gender discrimination and to empower women in society. But with science, technological innovations and socio-economic changes, women, even rural women, are progressively starting to utilize various kinds of technological instruments. ICTs perform as an agent to empower women, allowing them into the main torrent of society. Amongst the various kinds of ICTs the cell/ mobile phone has reached a significant place. This technology provides knowledge, social security, social networks and self confidence to rural people, An attempt has been made in this paper to explore the attitude of farmers and farm women towards the use of ICTs. This study was conducted in Sulla village of Dharwad district with a sample of 100 farmers and 100 farm women. Pre tested interview schedule was used for data collection and suitable statistical tools like frequency, percentage, means, standard deviation and t-test were used for analysis of the data. The study revealed that, more number of respondents belonged to young age, educated up to middle school, they were married, from joint families and farming was the main occupation of the respondents. The Z test revealed that there was a highly significant difference between the attitude of men and women towards use of ICTs. The analysis further revealed that, almost equal per cent of men (45.00%) and women (46.00%) belonged to low category of attitude followed by high category in men (29.00%) and medium category in women (32%).

Prevalence and predictors of poor sexual well-being over 5 years following treatment for colorectal cancer: results from the ColoREctal Wellbeing (CREW) prospective longitudinal study

ObjectivesTo describe prevalence and predictors of poor sexual well-being for men and women over 5 years following treatment for colorectal cancer.DesignProspective longitudinal study, from presurgery to 5 years postsurgery, with...

Telearbeit in Deutschland: Männer und Frauen im Vergleich

Teleworking in Germany: a comparison of men and women Objectives: The increasing dissemination of information and communication technologies had already contributed to an increase in working from home before the Covid-19 pandemic. Nevertheless, only a comparatively small proportion of employees in Germany have a teleworking agreement. This article examines how the extent and scope of contractually agreed teleworking differs among men and women in Germany. We further consider the importance of different life situation in this context and whether there are any gender-specific preferences. Methods: The gender-specific prevalence of teleworking as well as the wish to do so and any possible obstacles are examined in more detail using data from the BAuA Working Time Survey. The BAuA Working Time Survey has been carried out every two years since 2015 and is a panel survey that initially comprised more than 20,000 employees. For the descriptive analyses, dependent employees up to the age of 65 were taken into account (2015: n = 18,119; 2017: n = 8767; 2019: n = 8622). Results: The share of employees with contractually agreed teleworking has increased since 2015. Whilst a larger share of men had a teleworking agreement in 2015, the proportions of men and women have equalized in 2019 (17 per cent of men and 16 per cent of women). The proportion of employees with a teleworking agreement has increased across all life situations. The largest increase can be found among women with children under six years of age. The preference for teleworking has also increased among both men and women. Conclusions: Teleworking agreements are found increasingly equally distributed between men and women. Younger cohorts and mothers with young children benefit particularly from the expansion of teleworking arrangements. Thus, teleworking appears to be popular for reconciling family and work. Keywords: home office – teleworking – gender differences – development over time – BAuA Working Time Survey

Accuracy of faecal immunochemical testing in patients with symptomatic colorectal cancer.

BackgroundThe aim of this study was to determine the diagnostic accuracy of the faecal immunochemical test (FIT) for detecting colorectal cancer in symptomatic patients.MethodsThis was a prospective study of patients with bowel symptoms. Stool samples were collected during rectal examination. The HM‐JACKarc assay (Kyowa Medex, Tokyo, Japan) was used to quantify faecal haemoglobin (Hb); positive results were those with at least 10 μg Hb/g faeces. Two‐by‐two tables and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis were used to determine diagnostic accuracy; χ2 and Mann–Whitney U tests were used to compare other parameters.ResultsA total of 928 patients were included (M : F ratio 1 : 1·5; median age 72 (i.q.r. 64–80) years). The overall prevalence of colorectal cancer was 5·1 per cent. The FIT had sensitivity of 85·1 per cent, specificity of 83·5 per cent, positive predictive value of 22·6 per cent and negative predictive value of 99·0 per cent. ROC analysis of FIT for diagnosing colorectal cancer gave an area under the curve value of 0·89 (95 per cent c.i. 0·84 to 0·94). Significant bowel pathology was detected more frequently in FIT‐positive patients (35·1 per cent versus 7·1 per cent in FIT‐negative patients; P < 0·001). There were sex differences in FIT positivity (23·7 per cent in men versus 17·4 per cent in women; P = 0·019); the sensitivity of FIT for colorectal cancer in women was also low. False‐negative FIT results were found mainly in women referred with iron‐deficiency anaemia, who were found to have caecal cancer.ConclusionFIT effectively excluded colorectal cancer in symptomatic patients. Integration of FIT into the diagnostic pathway for colorectal cancer would direct resources appropriately to patients with a greater likelihood of having the disease.

Increasing incidence of colorectal cancer among the younger population in Sweden.

BackgroundThe incidence of colorectal cancer in patients aged less than 50 years is increasing in Western countries. This population‐based study investigated the age‐ and sex‐specific incidence of colorectal cancer over time in Sweden, and characterized trends in tumour localization and stage at diagnosis.MethodsPatients diagnosed with colorectal cancer between 1970 and 2016 were identified from the Swedish Cancer Registry, and categorized by sex, age and tumour location. The incidence and average annual percentage change (AAPC) were estimated and compared between age groups.ResultsThere was an overall increase in the incidence of colorectal cancer between 1970 and 2006, but a decrease in 2006–2016 (AAPC −0·55 (95 per cent c.i. −1·02 to −0·07) per cent). The largest increase in colonic cancer was in 1995–2005 in women aged less than 50 years (AAPC 2·30 (0·09 to 4·56) per cent versus 0·04 (−1·35 to 1·44) and − 0·67 (−1·62 to 0·28) per cent in women aged 50–74 and 75 years or more respectively). Since 1990, rectal cancer increased in patients of both sexes aged below 50 years, with higher AAPC values in women (2006–2016: 2·01 (−1·46 to 5·61) per cent versus 0·20 (−2·25 to 2·71) per cent in men). Younger patients were more likely than those aged 50–74 and 75 years or more to present with stage III–IV colonic (66·2, 57·6 and 49·6 per cent respectively) and rectal (61·2, 54·3 and 51·3 per cent) cancer. From the mid 1990s, rates of proximal and distal colorectal cancer, and rectal cancer were increased in patients aged less than 50 years.ConclusionThe overall incidence of colorectal cancer in Sweden decreased in the past decade. However, in patients under 50 years of age the incidence of colorectal cancer – proximal, distal and rectal – continued to increase over time.

Consumers Satisfaction towards Organic Food Products in Coimbatore

The organic foods are perceived as more nutritious, healthy, and nature-friendly than conventional food. Consumers, therefore, are switching over to organic food products and are willing to pay a premium price. Findings of my study reveal more women were open to buying organic food products than men – the percentage was 77 per cent for women and 23 per cent for men. Buying in organic stores located in and around Coimbatore. However, the consumers have concerns on organic produce, primarily the certification and authenticity of organic food products has to be improved. They lack awareness towards originality and certification process involved in Organic food products. Also, this market is huge and untapped. So, there are innumerable benefits for all the stakeholders; however, a few challenges.This study provides a better understanding of consumers' attitude, purchase intention and actual buying behaviour towards organic food products. For this purpose, a survey data were collected from 773 Coimbatore consumers through structured questionnaire. Statistical tools adopted to execute the results. And necessary findings provided with data interpretations.

Problem drinking, wellbeing and mortality risk in Chinese men: findings from the China Kadoorie Biobank.

AimsTo assess the associations of problem drinking with wellbeing and mortality in Chinese men.DesignPopulation‐based prospective cohort study.SettingTen diverse areas across China.ParticipantsA total of 210 259 men aged 30–79 years enrolled into China Kadoorie Biobank between 2004 and 2008.MeasurementsSelf‐reported alcohol intake and indicators of problem drinking (i.e. drinking in the morning, unable to stop drinking, unable to work due to drinking, negative emotions after drinking, having shakes after stopping drinking) were assessed by questionnaire at baseline, along with stressful life events (e.g. divorce, income loss, violence) and wellbeing‐related measures (e.g. life satisfaction, sleep problems, depression, anxiety). Problem drinking was defined as reporting at least one of the drinking problem indicators. Follow‐up for mortality and hospitalized events was through linkage to death registries and national health insurance systems. Multivariate logistic regression models assessed cross‐sectional relationships between problem drinking and stressful life events/wellbeing. Cox proportional hazards regression models estimated prospective associations of problem drinking with mortality/hospitalized events.FindingsA third of men were current regular drinkers (i.e. drank alcohol at least weekly), 24% of whom reported problem drinking: 8% of all men. Experience of stressful life events in the past 2 years, especially income loss [odds ratio (OR) = 1.86, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.45–2.39], was associated with increased problem drinking. Compared with low‐risk drinkers (i.e. intake < 200 g/week, no reported problem drinking or habitual heavy drinking episodes), men with problem drinking had poorer self‐reported health, poorer life satisfaction and sleep problems, and were more likely to have symptoms of depression and anxiety. Men with two or more problem drinking indicators had an approximately twofold higher risk for all‐cause mortality as well as mortality and morbidity from external causes (i.e. injuries), respectively, and 15% higher risk for any hospitalization, compared with low‐risk drinkers (all P < 0.01).ConclusionEight per cent of men in China are problem drinkers, and this is associated with significantly increased risk of physical and mental health problems and premature death.

Health-related behaviours in a remote Indigenous population with Type 2 diabetes: a Central Australian primary care survey in the Telehealth Eye and Associated Medical Services Network [TEAMSnet] project.

There is a wealth of data concerning the health behaviours of Indigenous Australians, but the health behaviours of Indigenous Australians with diabetes are not systematically documented. At the clinical level, understanding a person's health behaviours can help identify and address barriers to diabetes care and promote good clinical outcomes. We used a novel survey tool to systematically collect health behaviour data on Smoking, Nutrition, Alcohol consumption, Physical activity and Emotional well-being (SNAPE) from Indigenous Australians with Type 2 diabetes in a remote primary care setting in Alice Springs. At least one of the five surveys in the SNAPE tool was completed by 210 participants: 30% male, mean age 52.6 years (range 22.9 - 87.4). Fifty per cent of men and 23% of women were current smokers (P<0.001). None of the participants reported an adequate intake of vegetables. Only 9.6% reported an adequate fruit intake. Some 49% of men and 32% of women consumed alcohol in the past year (P=0.022), and 46% of drinkers were considered high-risk or likely-dependent drinkers. On average, participants walked 10min or more at a time 6.0 days a week and spent 4.8h sitting on a weekday. Mean adapted Patient Health Questionnaire 9 score was 4.61, with 34% of participants having mild depressive symptoms and 11% having moderate-severe depressive symptoms. Our SNAPE survey tool results present a high-risk, disadvantaged Indigenous population with Type 2 diabetes. More resources will be needed to sustainably implement interventions with the goal of improving health behaviours and subsequent long-term health.