Cent Drop Research Articles

Amygdaloid propagation to the brain stem (electrophysiological study)

1.1. Propagated electrical after-discharges from the amygdala to the brain stem were studied in 77 awake cats. Analysis was made according to the spatial distribution and amplitude of the after-discharges.2.2. Propagation to the brain stem was discussed in terms of longitudinal, transverse and vertical spread.3.3. Ipsilaterality was a strong feature of the amygdaloid propagated discharge throughout the diencephalon and mesencephalon. The ratio was 2.3:1.4.4. Propagated activity presented a 50 per cent drop in its course from the diencephalon to the mesencephalon.5.5. The medio-cortical-central group of amygdaloid nuclei appear to propagate diffusely into the diencephalic and mesencephalic brain stem. They were designated the Amygdalo-Dien-Mesencephalic System.6.6. The baso-lateral and anterior amygdaloid nuclei were less inclined to propagate to the mesencephalon. They appeared to concentrate in the diencephalon and thus were designated the Amygdalo-Diencephalic System.7.7. Points containing propagated activity greater than 200 μV. amplitude appeared to be most numerous in the hypothalamus. Its ipsilateral-contralateral ratio was 3:18.8. Propagation to the mesencephalon was concentrated in the ipsilateral ventral quadrant.9.9. After-discharges originating from the medial-cortical group have a tendency to be longer than those from other subdivisions.10.10. After-discharges originating from the anterior amygdaloid area are shorter in duration than those from other amygdaloid subdivisions.

Total exchangeable sodium and space in normal and pre-eclamptic patients determined with sodium: Preliminary report

Radiosodium22 with a half-life of 3 years is the ideal substance for determining the amount of sodium in the body and its elimination. The equilibration for sodium22 as determined by the serum concentration and the total amount remaining in the body depends upon the sodium intake for the preceding period and days following the injection. The sodium space in patients who are ingesting 4 or more Gm. of sodium salts per day probably never reaches equilibrium.In the patient on a sodium intake of 4 or more Gm. per 24 hours, the radioactive sodium is no longer detectable by 14 weeks but in the patient on a sodium intake of less than 2 grams per 24 hours, the sodium was still determinable at the end of 18 weeks, and with a still smaller intake of sodium the turnover was still slower, reaching approximately 22 weeks.In the normal subject on an average or high intake of sodium chloride, although the turnover is more rapid, approximately 13 per cent of the injected sodium22 at the end of 14 weeks is still unaccounted for and is probably stored in bone.A basis for comparing values between pregnant patients is extremely difficult, and will probably have to be based upon the total body water in the lean body mass.The sodium space is increased in normal pregnancy and markedly increased in pre-eclamptic patients and to a lesser degree in the hypertensive disease group. This is true whether one calculates it as the total sodium space, as the milliliters per kilogram, per centimeter of height, or per square meter of body surface.The total exchangeable sodium is increased approximately 10 per cent in the normal pregnant patient and is markedly increased in the pre-eclamptic patient as evidenced by a 32 per cent drop by the eighth postpartum day.The hypertensive disease group is characterized by a larger amount of total exchangeable sodium but if calculated on a per kilogram basis then the values are less than normal, indicating that fat does not contain as much water and electrolyte as does the lean body tissue.

Developments in Michigan in 1954

In Michigan during 1954 exploratory and development drilling again registered a small decline compared with the 1953 figures. There were 253 exploratory completions this year against 283 exploratory completions in 1953. The development-well completions total of 312 was 20 completions less than the 1953 figure of 332. Of the 253 exploratory wells: 231 were dry and 22 were successful, resulting in 10 new-field discoveries, 1 new-pool discovery, 5 deeper-pool discoveries, and 6 new extensions. The major concentration of development and exploratory effort continues to be directed toward the finding and developing of new reserves in the Central Basin and the Southwestern areas of Michigan. Southeastern Michigan continues to be the scene of considerable exploratory and development effort with the Trenton and Niagara formations as the objectives. Total footage drilled in 1954 was 1,511,906 feet compared with the 1953 total drilled footage figure of 1,785,256 feet. Oil production in Michigan showed a small decline: 12,028,059 barrels were produced compared with 12,284,510 barrels produced in 1953. The average daily production for Michigan in 1954 was 32,954 barrels or about ½ per cent of the daily national total. Gas production showed a considerable decline, with 5,698,175 MCF being produced compared with 7,084,616 MCF in 1953. Core-drill work showed a slight rise, with 80 permits issued in 1954, compared with 47 permits in 1953. These figures are comparable with 556 permits issued in 1951, a peak year for core-drill activity. Geophysical work was limited to the gravity meter, no seismograph work being reported during the year. Eight different companies engaged in gravity-meter work, covering parts of Southeast, Southwestern, and Western Michigan. Subsurface geology continues to be the most successful exploration method used in Michigan. In 1954 unsuccessful new-field wildcats numbered 180; of these, 170 were located on subsurface geology, 8 on gravity meter, 1 reported to be located on seismic information, and 1 on non-technical information. The lease inventories of 14 major and independent oil companies operating in Michigan showed 1,348,937 undeveloped acres under lease on December 31, 1954, a 31.8 per cent drop compared with the 1,977,688 undeveloped acres under lease by the same 14 companies, December 31, 1953.

Australia's Balance of Payments

year ending this June. Australia's vulnerability has two basic causes. One is that Australians, stimulated by the prosperity of last year's record wool prices, domestic inflation, and large programs of public works and private industrial de? velopment, have indulged in an orgy of overseas buying. For the first time since the war, suppliers and shippers have been able to fill and transport nearly all orders far more promptly than usual. The second cause is a decline in export revenue due to a 50 per? cent drop in the prices paid this year for wool and, in less part, to a serious drought that has reduced the supply of food for export. It has been dramatically illustrated to Australians how much their trade position still depends upon the price of wool and, in contrast with prewar years, how little other primary produc? tion now contributes.1 The current deficit is therefore intertwined with a deeper, long-term problem of Australia's economic position?food production.2 Much emphasis and dis? cussion are being given today to the growing inadequacy of domestic food supplies, and to the more immediately urgent decline of food exports. The de? bate on this subject was broadened and brought to a head by the necessity for action on the increasingly unfavorable balance of payments. Financing this unbalanced trade was possible for a time because Australian reserves in London had

Automatic Voltage Compensator for Resistance Welding Control

AMONG the more recent developments in a-c resistance welding control is the voltage compensator. This compensator is an auxiliary control used in conjunction with a standard type of phase-controlled welding panel, the circuit of which is shown in Figure 1. The function of the voltage compensator is to maintain the weld current substantially constant irrespective of line-voltage variations. The inability to obtain new feeders and the burden of added loads in war plants have in many cases made the power systems incapable of supplying several welding machines simultaneously without experiencing an appreciable drop in line voltage. Welding heat, which varies with current squared, will be reduced by 19 per cent for a ten per cent drop in line voltage; a line drop of 20 per cent will reduce the welding heat 36 per cent which is intolerable for consistent welding. These conditions can be remedied by the addition of a small inexpensive auxiliary control, such as the voltage compensator. The regulation of many overworked high reactance welding feeders can then be tolerated because consistent welds will be produced, whereas without proper compensation, poor welds would inevitably result. A compensator unit is shown in Figure 2 installed just in front of the current transformer in the bottom of a portable welding-machine control panel.

Automatic voltage compensator for resistance welding control

AMONG the more recent developments in a-c resistance welding control is the voltage compensator. This compensator is an auxiliary control used in conjunction with a standard type of phase-controlled welding panel, the circuit of which is shown in Figure 1. The function of the voltage compensator is to maintain the weld current substantially constant irrespective of line-voltage variations. The inability to obtain new feeders and the burden of added loads in war plants have in many cases made the power systems incapable of supplying several welding machines simultaneously without experiencing an appreciable drop in line voltage. Welding heat, which varies with current squared, will be reduced by 19 per cent for a ten per cent drop in line voltage; a line drop of 20 per cent will reduce the welding heat 36 per cent which is intolerable for consistent welding. These conditions can be remedied by the addition of a small inexpensive auxiliary control, such as the voltage compensator. The regulation of many overworked high reactance welding feeders can then be tolerated because consistent welds will be produced, whereas without proper compensation, poor welds would inevitably result. A compensator unit is shown in Figure 2 installed just in front of the current transformer in the bottom of a portable welding-machine control panel.

The limit of visual resolution

The diffraction image of a long line source of light at the focus of a lens with a circular aperture has been calculated numerically. These figures are used to find what intensity drop between two bright lines is at the threshold of visibility, by making observations on the separation of two line sources at which a dark line is visible between their images. After means had been taken to avoid a well-known contrast effect which produces a false dark line, it was found that, on the average, a 3 per cent drop of intensity is required for threshold resolution.

The fallibility of the autopassive transfer test (Cowie)

1. 1. The skin of an allergic person which fails to react to specific allergen cannot be passively sensitized with his own serum (auto-passive transfer). 2. 2. The skin of an allergic person which reacts to specific allergen by direct test shows a 22 per cent drop in positive reactions with auto-passive transfer, indicating some inhibitory rather than enhanced influence.

The present position of version and extraction: An analysis of the shifting incidence of version and extraction, high forceps, and cesarean section at the Michael Reese Hospital

Version and extraction was done 156 times in 15,136 deliveries, 1.03 per cent during the decade 1922–1931. The frequency of the operation dropped 50 per cent during the second five-year period. During the same ten years, high forceps were used 148 times, 0.97 per cent, with a similar 50 per cent drop in the second five-year period. The total number of cesarean sections was 381, 2.52 per cent, with a fourfold increase in the second five-year period. These figures represent not merely a shift in indications and in the replacement of version and extraction and high forceps by cesarean section but also an actual increase in the percentage of cesarean sections based on a widening of the indications for this latter operation.The maternal mortality following delivery by version and extraction was 1.30 per cent, by high forceps was zero and by cesarean section was 2.10 per cent. The incidence of infection following version and extraction was 12.98 per cent, following high forceps was 16.36 per cent, and following cesarean section was 32 per cent. Complications both operative and incidental occurred in 21.31 per cent following version and extraction, in 25.27 per cent following high forceps and in 52.75 per cent following cesarean section. Fetal deaths occurred in 12.82 per cent of the deliveries by version and extraction, in 7.41 per cent of those by high forceps and in 1.04 per cent of the deliveries by cesarean section.