Cement Sector Research Articles

Are Cement Sector Companies Listed on Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) Compliant in Sustainability Reports Disclosure?

This study aims to analyze the level of compliance in the disclosure of sustainability reports to cement sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) use Intiative Global reporting (GRI). The objects of this study are PT Semen Baturaja (Persero) Tbk, and PT Semen Indonesia (Persero) Tbk. The research method used is qualitative with secondary data, namely the sustainability report in 2021. The data collection technique in this study is documentation through the company's website. Data analysis techniques using data collection, data recording, and data analysis and interpretation. The results of this study show that PT Semen Baturaja (Persero) Tbk has a partially applied compliance rate in the disclosure of GRI general standards of 48.75. Meanwhile, PT Semen Indonesia (Persero) Tbk has a Partially Applied compliance rate with a higher percentage of 59.37%. The limitation of this study uses secondary data, therefore future studies can use primary data and expand the range of standards used in research. Previous research on sustainability compliance is still small, therefore this study can be a reference for future research by developing the limitation.

Prospective life cycle assessment of European cement production

Various measures can be employed to decarbonise cement production, including clinker substitution, alternative fuels, kiln improvements, and carbon capture and storage. In this study, we quantify the CO2-eq. emissions mitigation potentials of these measures on typical cement production in Europe until 2050 using prospective life cycle assessment, including the influence of possible futures of socioeconomic development. We combined environmental product declaration data for cement production with a modified life cycle inventory database (based on ecoinvent v.3.6) that incorporates scenarios developed using the IMAGE (Integrated Model to Assess the Global Environment) integrated assessment model (IAM). The IAM translates socio-economic factors into environmental data that follow Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (e.g., SSP2) to consistently describe possible futures of socio-economic development and environmental change beyond cement production, i.e., the ‘background effects’. The results show that in 2050, cement can be produced with significant CO2-eq. emissions reductions using clinker substitution (42%), alternative fuels (25%), or improved kiln efficiency (12%) relative to 2020. When combined, these measures could reduce CO2-eq. emissions of cement production by ∼58% (excluding carbon capture and storage) and ∼88% (including carbon capture and storage) by 2050 relative to year 2020, which could lower CO2-eq. emissions to as low as 0.09 kg per kg cement by 2050. The effect of using future decarbonisation scenarios for the electricity mix on the results is an additional ∼10% reduction in CO2 -eq. emissions by 2050. Multiple credible pathways exist for the cement sector to achieve and surpass CO2-eq. emissions reductions consistent with global climate targets.

The effects of industrial policymaking on the economics of low-emission technologies: the TRANSid model

Basic materials such as steel, cement, aluminium, and (petro)chemicals are the building blocks of industrialised societies. However, their production is extremely energy and emission intensive, and these industries need to decarbonise their emissions over the next decades to keep global warming at least below 2 °C. Low-emission industrial-scale production processes are not commercially available for any of these basic materials and require policy support to ensure their large-scale diffusion over the upcoming decades. The novel transition to industry decarbonisation (TRANSid) model analyses the framework conditions that enable large-scale investment decisions in climate-friendly basic material options. We present a simplified case study of the cement sector to demonstrate the process by which the model optimises investment and operational costs in carbon capture technology by 2050. Furthermore, we demonstrate that extending the model to other sectors allows for the analysis of industry- and sector-specific policy options.

Partial replacement of cement and fine aggregate in mortar material by using carbon sequestration technique

Carbon sequestration, also termed carbon dioxide removal, is the long-term process of removing, capturing, and storing carbon dioxide with the purpose of reducing or reversing atmospheric CO2 pollution and mitigating or reversing global warming (CDR). Cement, the primary component of concrete, has been used since ancient times, and as the world becomes more advanced technologically, the building sector will emit more CO2 emissions. There are two stages in the process of bond formation, and both of them release carbon dioxide. The first is the formation of oxides from carbonates during the making of clinker, the main ingredient in concrete. Many studies have shown that this kind of process discharge is responsible for around 5 percent of all CO2 emissions from human activity. In addition to vehicles, the combustion of carbon dioxide for heat is a significant contributor to air pollution. This happens if a lot of fossil fuels are burnt to produce a lot of energy. Second, we factor in the quantity of energy needed to heat the raw materials. This means that up to 8% of worldwide CO2 emissions may originate from the cement sector.

Impacts of Working Capital Management on Profitability: A Case Study on Pakistan Cement Sector

This study examined ten cement businesses that are listed on the Pakistan Stock Exchange (PSX) to determine the impact that working capital management has on a company's profitability. A systematic selection technique was used to choose every tenth of Pakistan's cement industry for the study. The websites of these cement businesses' annual reports were used to gather primary data. Financial ratios were used in the study and quantitative data analysis was used to determine whether the link between the variables was positive or negative. Since a variety of factors also affect return, we added the control variables of firm size (sales log) and sales growth. According to study findings, the Payable Deferred Period (PDP) has a favourable influence on profitability, the Return on Assets has a negative impact on the inventory collection period, and the Receivable Collection Period and PDP are independent variables, but their relationship is not very strong.

THE ROLE OF AUTHENTIC LEADERSHIP IN ENHANCING ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT: EVIDENCE FROM EGYPT

The purpose of this paper is to explore the effect of toxic leadership on organizational commitment from the point of view of employees in cement sector companies in Egypt. The study used a survey questionnaire. Respondents were 310, The descriptive analytical approach was applied. The study used regression analysis to determine the relationship between the independent variable on the dependent variables. The results of the regression analysis proved that authentic leadership dimensions (Self-awareness, Balanced Processing, Internalized Moral Perspective, and Relational Transparency) has a positive and significant effect on organizational commitment dimensions from the point of view of employees in cement sector companies

Environmental and Health Impacts of Cement Industry

An integrated development of the nation is very much desirable to ensure food, health and economic security for all the people of the country. Development projects should go on but it should not create ecological imbalance, because destruction of environment poses serious threat to the survival of human race. However, the factors such as population explosion, rapid industrialization, over exploitation of natural resources, increased transportation etc. have resulted in change of climatic conditions, depletion of ozone layer, increase in air, water and noise pollution. Under proper Environmental Management Plan, the adverse environmental effects of development projects can be mitigated to a great extent. Industrialization is recognized as the backbone for development. Availability of resources coupled with infrastructural facilities, accelerate industrial growth. The cement sector notably plays a critical role in the economic growth of the country and its journey towards conclusive growth. Cement is vital to the construction sector and all infrastructural projects. The construction sector alone constitutes about 5-7 per cent of the country's gross domestic product. The industry occupies an important place in the Indian economy because of its strong linkages to other sectors such as construction, transportation, coal and power. The Environmental impact assessment has been carried out to assess the existing base line environmental scenario of the area and based on the activities of proposed grinding unit, environmental management plan has been suggested. The plan will identify and address the impacts and design imitative measures to manage such impacts in a manner as to conserve environment and ecology of the area. The EMP has been prepared with a view to ultimately ensure that the adverse impacts can be minimized if these cannot be prevented altogether.

Bibliometric Review on The Sustainable Management of Cement: Application of the Consolidated Meta-Analytical Approach (TEMAC)

Cement production is responsible for 8% of CO2 emissions globally, consequently, the world’s concern is its reduction and the pollution caused by industry and transportation in the cement sector, research work aimed at cement production cement in a clean and sustainable way are few, however, interest is growing in the scientific community. In this research, the analysis of the state of the art of the cement industry was carried out, using the Scopus bibliographic database, the bibliometric review was carried out with the TEMAC Meta-Analytical Approach methodology that allowed the analysis of articles from the 2015 to 2023 supported with the VOSviewer software for the identification of the most cited authors and topics, all of the above to validate an integrative model and develop a ROADMAP on the reduction of CO2 in the cement industry, seeking sustainability in the industry and forming the Industrial Symbiosis to promote cleaner and more efficient production in the use of resources, digital twin technologies were incorporated into the integrative model as an important element of Industry 4.0 in the cement industry supply chain , management, supervision and simulation supported by AI, IoT, Deep learning and RFID. An important conclusion is that not only the cement industry has the responsibility for CO2 reduction, but it is also the responsibility of all production areas.

AI-based carbon emission forecast and mitigation framework using recycled concrete aggregates: A sustainable approach for the construction industry

<abstract> <p>The cement industry's carbon emissions present a major global challenge, particularly the increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) levels. The concrete industry is responsible for a significant portion of these emissions, accounting for approximately 5–9% of the total emissions. This underscores the urgent need for effective strategies to curb carbon emissions. In this work, we propose to use artificial intelligence (AI) to predict future emission trends by performing a detailed analysis of cement industry's CO<sub>2</sub> emissions data. The AI predictive model shows a significant increase in overall carbon emissions from the cement sector which is attributed to population growth and increased demand for housing and infrastructure. To address this issue, we propose a framework that emphasizes on implementing carbon sequestration through reuse of construction and demolition (C & D) waste by using recycled aggregates. The paper proposes a framework addressing carbon sequestration through use of C & D waste. The framework is applied specifically to Maharashtra State in India to calculate the potential reduction in carbon emissions by construction industry resulting from recycled aggregates. The study reveals a projected saving of 24% in carbon emissions by adopting the suggested framework. The process and outcomes of the study aim to address the concerns of climate change through reduced carbon emissions in the construction industry promoting recycle and reuse of construction waste.</p> </abstract>

Effect of return on assets, debt to equity ratio, and corporate social responsibility policies on company values in PT Semen Baturaja (Persero) Tbk.

This study aimed to know the effect of return on assets, debt to equity ratio, and corporate social responsibility policies on score company at PT Semen Baturaja (Persero), Tbk. The population and sample in the study is a company engaged in the cement sector, namely PT Semen Baturaja (Persero), Tbk, which uses report finance during periods 1-4 of 2012-2021. Based on the analysis of the results, multiple linear regression that has been conducted shows that return on assets take an adverse effect and has no significance to score Company, equity debt has an effect positive and significant to score Company, corporate social responsibility has an effect positive and significant to score Company. For companies in the cement industry, especially Semen Baturaja, it is necessary to develop ROA, DER, and CSR as tools to increase company value so that they can continue to compete and improve. For regulators, the results of this study provide an overview of ROA, DER, and CSR towards score companies. Therefore, regulatory agencies must set standards for measuring and disclosing existing corporate values.

Designing fair annual bonus formulations for workers: A case study of the state-owned enterprise cement holding in Indonesia.

A bonus is an additional annual incentive for labour, as part of remuneration package systems, that goes hand-in-hand with a tantième for boards of commissioners and directors. This practical business is common in industrial relations for maintaining a spirit of productivity and loyalty. However, practices to distribute bonuses remain undisclosed and unknown, according to the views of labour. Without an earlier mutual agreement between parties, consisting of labour representatives and management, management unilaterally decides a specific bonus formulation that takes effect immediately. The management ignored suggestions and advice from labour as its partner; worse, there were no discussions between parties in advance. There are no equal labour and management rights to build a better industrial relations climate. We employed mixed methods and conducted multidisciplinary studies to determine cluster and bonus pool allocation with relevant peers to investigate how to build a fair bonus formulation. We adopted a target-based method rather than an outcome-based framework after several exercises. The most important finding is that the bonus formulation, configured from the annual bonus, utilised three underpinning percentiles (P): P-25, P-50, and P-75 implying the lowest, medium, and highest total remuneration for labour, respectively. We determine that success indicators in developing fair bonus formulation stand on how high total remuneration has been achieved by labour towards the median level of peers. The higher the value passed over the median line, the higher the success rate. The present findings contribute to building fair annual bonus formulations in the cement sector; however, other industrial sectors can use them with adequate adjustments.

Built for net-zero: analysis of long-term greenhouse gas emission pathways for the Nigerian cement sector

Nigeria is Africa's top cement producer and could be on course to be one of the top producers globally. The goal of this study is to identify and critically examine the pathways available to Nigeria to meet its decarbonisation goals in the cement sector. Based on a literature review, the study assesses demand drivers and decarbonisation potentials for the sector. It then presents two different quantitative pathways for growth in production of cement by 2050, and three different pathways for decarbonisation of the sector. Using published data and a scenario analysis tool, the study calculates how the sector's emissions might evolve under each of these pathways. The results indicate that, in the most ambitious scenario, emissions from the sector can plateau by the late 2030s, resulting in an overall increase of 21% by 2050 (compared to 2015 levels). Achieving this scenario is necessary in order to put the sector on a path to net zero emissions beyond 2050. The scenario is driven by reductions in both energy-related and process emissions, as well as a small share of carbon capture and storage and demand management. A moderately ambitious scenario that relies mostly on savings on energy-related emissions results in an 84% increase in emissions by 2050. Finally, the Business-as-Usual scenario results in an almost tripling of emissions by 2050. The results indicate a strong potential for policies to drive improvements in energy efficiency and clinker-to-cement ratio. Critical areas of uncertainty within the assumptions include the production rates (including the evolution of the export market) and the fuel mix.

Behaviour of Dividends of Select Cement Companies In India: A Study

Dividend policy merits attention from both the managers and the owners perspective. Extant literature documents the influence of dividend decisions on the price of the shares of the company and thereby, the wealth of shareholders. However, to date, there has been no consensus among financial researchers regarding the financial elements that influence firms dividend decisions. Industry-specific studies on dividend policy are also rare. The two financial elements that received special attention among academic fraternity with regard to dividends are Profit after tax and cash from operating activities available to the equity shareholders. However, dividend policy of an industry whose earnings depend on the climatic conditions like the cement sector warrants due attention. This study, therefore, explores the behaviour of equity dividends distributed with regard to profit after tax and cash from operating activities available to the equity shareholders of the cement sector in India.

To Investigate the Mechanical Properties of Concrete by Partial Replacement of Cement with Ceramic Tiles Waste Powder and Addition of Jute Fiber

Abstract: The need for natural and non-renewable resources has grown as a result of the continuing development of society and human endeavours. As a result, the amount of industrial solid waste products kept growing. The most widely used man-made material in the world, concrete, has generated a lot of interest as a potential method for recycling solid waste. About the same amount of CO2 is produced during the manufacture of 1 tonne of Portland cement. The cement sector is thought to be responsible for 5% to 8% of yearly global greenhouse gas emissions. The use of waste materials in our current concrete can lessen the environmental pollution. Put the scenario in a critical state employing alternate approaches and come up with a better material recycling solution. As additional cementitious materials, a variety of by-products, including fly ash, slag, and silica fume, are successfully used every day in the manufacturing of concrete (SCM). According to the research it has been found that about 150 million tons of ceramic have been produced per year. From that total production, around 25% to 35% has become waste material without recycling from the ceramic industry at present. The ceramic powder has various advantages such as cost - saving, energy Saving and reduces the hazards materials to the environment. Ceramic waste can be used in concrete to increase the compressive strength and physical and chemical properties of concrete. It has been established that the addition of evenly distributed, tightly spaced Fibers to concrete will significantly enhance its static and dynamic properties and act as a crack arrester. Concrete that has been reinforced with fibrous material, or fiber-reinforced concrete (FRC), has a higher structural stability. It is important to note that jute is sometimes referred to as the golden fibre owing to its high cash value and its colour. It improves the shear and punching resistance of concrete, aid in recovering post-cracking strength losses, increases the toughness and become an effective way for reinforcement. In this experimental work, partial replacement of cement by ceramic tiles waste powder by percentages of 0%, 15%, 20%, 25% and 30% with expansion of Jute Fiber at different rate as 0%, 0.25%, 0.50%, 0.75% and 1.0% are done to make sustainable concrete. All specimens were cured for 7days and 28 days before testing. From the study it has been observed that the test results shows optimum proportion for concrete mix and are within acceptable limits.

The Effect of Occupational Health and Safety Practices on the Psychological Contract: A Research in the Cement Sector

Dünyada artan sanayileşme ve teknolojik gelişmelerin etkisiyle yeni risklerin ortaya çıkması kaçınılmaz hale gelmiştir. Bu muhtemel risklerin, işgücü olarak ifade edilen insan faktörü üzerindeki etkisinin belirlenmesi ve işverenler tarafından güvenli ve sağlıklı bir iş ortamı için gerekli koşulların oluşturulması önemlidir. Bu durum çalışanlarda karşılıklılık ilkesine dayanan psikolojik sözleşmenin gereklerinin yerine getirilme algısı yaratacaktır. Çalışmanın amacı çimento endüstrisindeki iş sağlığı ve güvenliği uygulamalarının çalışanların psikolojik sözleşmeleri üzerindeki etkisini incelemektir. Araştırmanın verileri Aralık 2017 ve Şubat 2018 tarihleri arasında Orta Anadolu bölgesinde faaliyette bulunan çimento üretim tesislerinden anket yöntemi ile elde edilmiştir. Analize uygun 409 anketten elde edilen bulgular ışığında iş sağlığı ve güvenliği uygulamaları ile işlemsel psikolojik sözleşme boyutu arasında p < .001 düzeyinde negatif (-.17) yönde anlamlı düşük bir ilişki, ilişkisel psikolojik sözleşme boyutuyla ise pozitif (.23) yönde anlamlı bir ilişki bulunmuştur.

A Review on the Incorporation of Diatomaceous Earth as a Geopolymer-Based Concrete Building Resource.

The development of geopolymer building composites at a lower cost with a smaller carbon footprint may lessen the growing concerns about global warming brought on by emissions of a critical greenhouse gas (CO2) paired with the high production costs in the cement sector. Diatomaceous earth, commonly used as an admixture or partial replacement of cement owing to its most effective pozzolanic properties, has been investigated as a precursor in geopolymer concrete development. Several studies have been examined to develop a greater understanding of its characterization, inclusion status, and impacts on the performance aspects of concrete. The literature review showed that using diatomaceous earth is one of the effective ways to create sustainable, insulating, lightweight building materials while minimizing the harmful economic and environmental effects of industrial solid wastes. However, since most studies have focused on its integration as a partial cement substitute or a replacement for fine aggregate, further research on diatomaceous earth-based clinker-free concrete is required. A lack of research on geopolymer concrete’s reinforcement with either natural or synthetic fibers, or a combination of the two, was also discovered. This review also showed that there has been remarkably little effort made towards theoretical property correlation modeling for predicting concrete performance. It is anticipated that the detailed overview presented herein will guide potential researchers in defining their future paths in the study area.

Plant-level real-time monitoring data reveal substantial abatement potential of air pollution and CO2 in China’s cement sector

<h2>Summary</h2> China is the world's greatest cement producer, generating significant air pollution and CO₂ emissions. To combat these impacts, China introduced stricter air pollution standards for the cement industry in 2015, yet no plant-level analysis exists to determine their effectiveness. To analyze the impacts of emission regulations, we coupled 2014–2018 smokestack-level real-time observations with plant-specific information and constructed an hourly based dataset of air pollutants (particulate matter [PM], sulfur dioxide [SO₂], nitrogen oxide [NO_X]) and CO₂ emissions. Our analysis shows that regulations introduced in 2015 led to PM, SO₂, and NO_X reductions of 50.3%, 43.6%, and 34.2%, respectively, but CO₂ increased by 5%. Interestingly, 9.4% of the plants analyzed reached China's 2020 ultralow air pollution standards in 2018. Further analysis shows that if small and old plants are phased out and all remaining plants implement advanced equipment and improve fuels and energy efficiency, PM, SO₂, NO_X, and CO₂ could be further reduced by 68.8%, 66.1%, 82.2%, and 62.0% by 2060. Our results reveal the co-benefits of clean air and climate policies for cement production.

The CEAC database that supports the findings of Plant-level real-time monitoring data reveals substantial abatement potential of air pollution and CO2 in China's cement sector

The CEAC database that supports the findings of Plant-level real-time monitoring data reveals substantial abatement potential of air pollution and CO2 in China's cement sector

Environmental Strategies for Sustainable Development: An Analysis of the Drivers of Proactive Environmental Strategies in the Manufacturing Sector

Stakeholders’ concern towards the ecological damage arising out of emissions from the industrial processes has raised serious issues before the industrial sectors. Environmentalists and researchers are raising these issues in various forums. Few industrial sectors are well informed about environmental protection and act accordingly to address these issues by complying with environmental norms. However, some firms are more ethical in their business and proactively redefine their operations and policies beyond the regulatory requirements. What factors compel these firms to go beyond the extant laws to protect the environment? This study statistically analyses India’s cement sector for the factors that may be the drivers of environmental proactivity. Using Structural Equation Modelling (SEM), eight hypotheses were tested. The study’s findings can be helpful for the policymakers, environmental managers, and industrial sectors to frame policies for environmental protection, which will redound to societal benefit.

Comparative Study on Strength Characteristics of Fly Ash Based Geopolymer Concrete with 8, 10 &amp; 12 Molar Naoh Activator

Ordinary Portland cement is a major construction material worldwide. Cement manufacturing industry is one of the carbon dioxides emitting sources besides deforestation and burning of fossil fuels. The global warming is caused by the emission of greenhouse gases, such as CO2, to the atmosphere. Among the greenhouse gases, CO2 contributes about 65% of global warming. The cement sector accounts for around 7% of worldwide greenhouse gas emissions of the earth’s atmosphere. In order to address environmental effects associated with Portland cement, Alternative binders for concrete production are needed. Low-calcium (Class F) fly ash-based geopolymer from Vijayawada was used in this study. Geopolymer concrete was made with the help of a thermal power plant. The combination of sodium silicate solution and sodium hydroxide solution was used as alkaline solution for fly ash activation. Alkaline solution to fly ash ratio was varied as 0.45. The concentration of sodium hydroxide solution was maintained as 8M, 10M &amp; 12M (Molars). The curing condition of geopolymer concrete was varied as ambient curing. The compressive strength, Split Tensile Strength of the geopolymer concrete was tested at various ages such as 7 and 28days. From the test results it was found that as the alkaline solution to fly ash ratio increases, the strength of geopolymer concrete also increases.