Cement Company Research Articles

ANALYSING THE EARNING LANDSCAPE OF SELECTED INDIAN CEMENT COMPANIES BY UTILISING POPULAR METRICS

The main objective of these study to analysing the earning landscape of selected Indian cement companies by utilising profitability metrics. For the period 2017-2018 to 2021-2022. The secondary data is used for the research. It has been collected from selected five cement companies annual reports. Profitability analysis is a process of evaluating a companys financial performance by assessing its ability to generate profits. The used tools & techniques: profitability ratios analysis, statistical analysis and analysis of variance (ANOVA). It is concluded that profitability metrics, Shree Cements Ltd. appears to be the best-performing company among the five, with Ultratech Cement Ltd. and Ambuja Cements Ltd. following closely behind. ACC Ltd. and The India Cements Ltd. have lower performance than the other three companies. It is also concluded that all the null hypotheses have not been accepted meaning thereby all alternative hypotheses are accepted. There are significant differences between the selected all profitability ratios (Based on sales and related to overall return on assets / investments ratio) of selected five cement companies of India. KEY WORDS: Profitability analysis, Sales ratio, Return on assets / investments ratio and Analysis of variance (ANOVA).

Corporate governance in the cement manufacturing industry of Zambia

The article examined corporate governance's effects on the performance of cement-producing companies in Zambia. Assessing the performance of one of the manufacturing segments of the manufacturing industry because of the effects of corporate governance was detrimental to findings on why there is limited growth in the industry. The study specifically assessed the effects of board size, board independence, CEO duality, multiple directorships, and board tenure on the company's performance. A deductive approach strategy was used, which focused on four leading cement-producing companies in Zambia: Lafarge, Dangote, Sinoma, and Zambezi Portland. A sample population of 150 participants was targeted. Questionnaires collected primary and secondary data from the company’s audited reports. This study used the principal components analysis, correlation, and regression analysis using SPSS version 27. The study found and concluded a positive correlation and effect between multiple directorships and board independence on the company's performance. CEO duality positively impacted the company's performance, but it was not statistically significant. On the other hand, it was concluded and found that board tenure and board size had a negative effect on the company's performance. This implied that they had a reducing impact on the performance of the companies in the cement manufacturing industry. Cement companies should tailor the size of their boards to meet their unique requirements, even though board size and tenure have a negative and statistically significant effect on performance.

ANALYSING SELECTED CEMENT COMPANIES OF INDIA: A LIQUIDITY SCENARIO PERSPECTIVE

Liquidity analysis is an important measure of a company's financial health, as it indicates the ability of the company to meet its short-term obligations. The main objective of these study to analysing selected cement companies of India: a liquidity scenario perspective. For the period 2012-2013 to 2021-2022. The secondary data is used for the research. It has been collected from selected ten cement companies’ annual reports. The used tools & techniques: liquidity ratios analysis (current ratio, quick ratio and cash ratio), descriptive statistics analysis, analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Post-hoc Tukey test. It is concluded that there is a considerable variation in the liquidity ratios of the companies in the cement industry. While some companies have a strong liquidity position (e.g., Ambuja Cements Ltd. Shree Cements Ltd. ACC Ltd.), others have a weaker liquidity position (e.g., The India Cements Ltd., The Ramco Cements Ltd. and Prism Johnson Ltd.). Therefore, it is important to evaluate each company's liquidity position based on its specific circumstances and needs. Overall, the 95% confidence interval for the mean values for all three liquidities ratios. which suggests that the true mean values for all three liquidities ratios for all cement companies in the industry is likely to fall within this range. It is also concluded that all the null hypotheses have not been accepted meaning thereby all alternative hypotheses are accepted. There are significant differences between the current ratio, quick ratio and cash ratio of selected cement companies of India.

EFFECT OF FINANCIAL MOTIVATION AS A TOOL FOR INCREASING EMPLOYEE EFFICIENCY: A STUDY OF LARFAGE CEMENT COMPANY EWEKORO

This research provides an in-depth examination of the impact of financial motivation on enhancing employee efficiency, utilizing the Larfage Cement Company in Ewekoro, Ogun State, Nigeria, as a case study. The findings strongly suggest a robust relationship between financial motivation and employee efficiency, underscoring the substantial correlation between employee motivation and broader organizational performance metrics. Moreover, the study scrutinizes the multifaceted challenges stifling the effectiveness of employee motivation strategies within organizations. It brings attention to the constant dynamism of the labor market and the crucial need for implementing comprehensive motivational systems that align seamlessly with overarching organizational objectives. The research notably underscores the need for industry leaders to strategically prioritize the integration of motivational techniques that contribute positively to the work environment and enhance productivity. It places significant emphasis on the instrumental role of equitable remuneration policies, promotions based on merit, robust staff training and development programs, and fostering supportive employee-management relationships. By doing so, the research affirms the centrality of these elements in shaping employee motivation, and, consequently, organizational performance. Overall, the study presents a compelling argument for the necessity of a strategic, well-structured approach to employee motivation to optimize efficiency and productivity within the manufacturing industry.

Analysis of Determinants of Debt Financing: A Case study of the Cement Industry of Pakistan

: The aim of this study is to an analysis of Determinants of Debt Financing: A Case study of the Cement Industry of Pakistan. As Profitability is one of the best tools to measure the performance of any firm or sector. The current study also aims to analyze the impact of intangible assets on the profitability of the cement industry of Pakistan. To analyze the impact of intangible assets on profitability some control variables are also used in this research i.e. capital structure, firm size, growth rate, non-debt tax shield, and working capital, alongside these variables intangible assets are also used as a determinant of the profitability and age of the firm is used as a moderator between intangible assets and the profitability of the firm. The Data collected Twenty years of (unbalanced) annual data i.e. 1998 to 2017 of twenty cement companies listed under the Pakistan stock exchange is used and the data sources are secondary. To analyze the data panel data regression is used, the results of the study concluded that a positive and significant relationship exists between intangibles and profitability, and the age of the firm moderated the relationship between the two variables. Firms in Pakistan should report intangible assets in their financial statements, the managers of the said industry need to manage the intangible assets of their firm efficiently and should work on its disclosure in their financial statements.

FRAUD PENTAGON ANALYSIS ON DETERMINAND FRAUD FINANCIAL STATEMENT

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of Pressure on Fraudulent Financial Statements, Opportunity on Fraudulent Financial Statements, Rationalization on Fraudulent Financial Statements, Competence on Fraudulent Financial Statements, and Arrogance on Fraudulent Financial Statements. The population in this study were employees of Ahlia Cement Company. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) which is run through the Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) program is an analytical technique used to examine the data in this study. The results showed that Pressure affects Fraudulent Financial Statements, Opportunity influences Fraudulent Financial Statements, Rationalization influences Fraudulent Financial Statements, Competence influences Fraudulent Financial Statements, Arrogance influences Fraudulent Financial Statements. For future research, it is hoped that it will enrich other independent variables which are expected to influence fraudulent financial statements, for example changes in total assets, company debt, changes in accounts receivable, and others. The next research is expected to multiply and expand the sample in the study, for example using all manufacturing companies, so that the sample obtained is wider and can describe the actual conditions.

Moderasi Good Corporate Governance pada Pengaruh Intellectual Capital terhadap Kinerja Keuangan

The condition of the domestic cement market is experiencing an oversupply so that it is in a very apprehensive condition or is on the verge of bankruptcy. Why is this happening because there is a predatory pricing policy, in which a cement company deliberately sells cement in Indonesia at a loss, so the government must also make more specific regulations governing various illegal business practices. The research objective is to analyze and test the effect of intellectual capital and on GCG, to analyze and test the effect of intellectual capital and GCG and to analyze and test the effect of intellectual capital on PT Semen Tonasa's financial performance through the GCG variable. Data collection was carried out using a survey method by selecting samples by purposive sampling among existing populations based on work units, the units of analysis in this study were organic employees, General Managers, Senior Managers, Managers and Supervisors, so that the sample used was 79 samples. In accordance with the hypothesis that has been formulated, in this study the analysis of the research data used Smart PLS (Partial Least Square) software. The results of the study show that intellectual capital has a significant positive effect on good corporate governance. intellectual capital has a significant positive effect on financial performance. good corporate governance has a significant positive effect on financial performance, and good corporate governance is able to moderate the relationship of Intellectual capital to financial performance in PT. Semen Tonasa, this shows that effective good corporate governance will increase intellectual capital and ultimately have an impact on increasing the company's financial performance.

Dynamics of Intellectual Capital, Corporate Governance, and Firm Performance in Family-Owned Companies in Pakistan

The study aims to examine the corporate governance effect on the performance of family-owned cement companies in Pakistan for the period 2016 to 2021 using random and fixed effect panel regression based on the Hausman test considering intellectual capital as a moderator. The results indicate a positive effect of audit size and top 20 shareholders while a negative of insider shareholding and board independence on Tobin’s Q, ROE, and ROA. Additionally, for Tobin’s Q, institutional shareholding and CEO duality, a positive effect while negative of board size is found. While the negative effect of institutional shareholdings and CEO duality and the positive of board size is found in the case of ROE, ROA and intellectual capital moderation is found for all performance measures. The findings are consistent with stewardship and agency theory. The empirical outcomes emphasize the importance of intellectual capital for policymakers and regulators considering it rewarding activity for shareholder wealth maximization.

The Role of Attributes Based Costing Technology in Achieving Sustainable Development Goals

Purposes: The aim of this study is to examine the effect of cost-based ABC II specifications to achieve sustainable development goals, in order to support decision-making to meet the competitive advantage features for a sample of manufacturing firms in the Kurdistan region of Iraq. Moreover, it aims to achieve a competitive advantage, whether by producing products according to customer requests or improving it or changing production techniques. Theoretical framework: Industrial companies currently make considerable effort to maintain and grow in the existing competitive market. The implementation of advanced technologies and contemporary production techniques are key features in helping them to do so. Additionally, sustainability achievement is another key objective for industrial firms to stay competitive in the current era of business. Theoretically, it is believed that new managerial accounting techniques positively contribute to sustainable development goals achievement. Design/ Methodology/ Approach: This study uses an explanatory research design for the analysis of data collected through a constructed questionnaire distributed to managers, accountants, auditors and engineers of the selected sample companies. The final sample size is 97 collected questionaries out of 108 distributed forms among the purposively selected sample of cement and iron manufacturing firms in the Sulaimani city. Quantitative data is collected and analyzed using various statistical techniques including structural equation modeling. Findings: The results show that cost technology based on ABC II specifications has a significant effect on its contribution to achieving sustainable development goals. Moreover, the relationship between cost technology based on ABC II specifications and its contribution to achieving sustainable development goals is a strong positive significant relationship. Cost technology based on ABC II specifications can only explain 28% of the variation in the achievement of sustainable development goals. Research, Practical & Social implications: ABC II technology represents an important point in raising social and organizational awareness by raising the level of environmental protection according to product specifications, reducing pollution resulting from production processes, and increasing competitiveness in the market. Furthermore, managers should pay high attention to the sustainable development goals by following a cost technique based on the ABC II specifications, taking into account the framework of the proposal in the sustainable development goals in each of the cement and iron companies. Originality/ Value: This paper provides a significant new insight from a developing region of Kurdistan to the literature around sustainability development and the attribute-based costing technology.

Heavy Metals in the Soil Around a Cement Company in Sokoto, Northwestern Nigeria Pose Health Risks

Cement is widely used in the building industry because it is reliable and because its basic ingredients are inexpensive and abundant. However, the production of cement produces heavy metal-laden dust that can harm humans and the environment. This study aimed to determine the risk posed by heavy metals in the soil around a cement company in Sokoto, Nigeria. Soil samples were obtained at 0.1, 0.5, and 1.0 km from the company and served as test samples, while control samples were obtained at 5.0 km away. The soil samples were treated and assayed for lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn) using atomic absorption spectroscopy. The values obtained were used to estimate the heavy metals’ average daily inhalation (ADI), average daily dermal exposure (ADDE), hazard quotient (HQ), health risk index (HRI), and carcinogenic risk (CR). Permissible levels of all the heavy metals were detected at all the locations (0.1 > 0.5 > 1.0 > 5.0 km). However, the ADI, ADDE, HQ, HRI, and CR of the heavy metals were above the permissible limits. It can be inferred from the results that the soil around the company can predispose humans to heavy metal toxicities. Consequently, the company needs to prioritize pollution control.

Competitive Strategies and Performance of Selected Cement Companies in Kenya

In an organization, performance is affected by various factors. The performance of the cement industry in Kenya has been adversely affected by the challenge of inadequate employee training, inefficiency, not meeting the targets, inadequate employee development and reduced sales volume. Cost leadership, differentiation and focus strategies are used in enhancing the organizational performance. This current study was to determine the influence of competitive strategies on performance of selected Cement Companies in Kenya. The specific objectives were to examine the influence of cost leadership strategy, differentiation strategy and focus strategy on performance of selected Cement Companies in Kenya. Theories guiding the study included; competitive advantage theory, resource based view theory, open systems theory and dynamic capability theory. The current study used descriptive research design. The unit of analysis was 6 Cement Companies in Kenya that included; Bamburi Cement Limited, Mombasa Cement Ltd (MCL), East Africa Portland Cement Company, Savannah Cement Limited ,ARM Cement Limited and National Cement Company . The observation unit was the employees working with these companies. Therefore, the target population was 744 employees. Stratified sampling method was used to group respondents into departments in order to ensure representativeness of all the cases. Simple random sampling method was used to select the respondents. Therefore, the sample size was 260 respondents which represented a 34.9% of the total population. Data was collected using self-administered questionnaire which was on the basis of drop and pick later method. Reliability and validity of research instrument was ascertained. Data was analyzed by using descriptive as well as inferential statistics. The study found that cost leadership strategy, differentiation strategy and focus strategy had a positive significant effect on the performance of cement manufacturing companies. The study concluded that a firm following a cost leadership strategy offers products or services with acceptable quality and features to a broad set of customers at a low price. A differentiation strategy enables firm to create a product/service, which is considered unique in some aspect that the customer values because their needs are satisfied. Focus strategy allows cement companies to concentrate on promotional resources on the sectors that match their quality advantage. The study recommended that the cement companies should diagnose their changing cost of economics all the way from the raw materials stage to the final price paid by the ultimate consumer. Cement companies should exploit different ways to make the products and services unique. The management of cement companies should get to know management of their customers so that they can anticipate what customers want, how they want it, when they want it, and most importantly, how they can solve it for them. The current research would be of significance to the Cement Manufacturing companies’ leadership as it would help them in the management of the firms which would influence greater firms performance.

Management Information System and Performance of Cement Firms in Southeast Nigeria

Purpose: The study examined how management information system influences the performance of cement-producing firms in Southeast Nigeria. Specifically, the influence of the transaction processing system, decision support system and executive support system on firm performance was assessed. Research methodology: The research design deployed in the study was a descriptive survey while the population of the study compromised 143 staff in the accounting and management information system departments of the selected four (4) cement companies in Southeast Nigeria. Yamane formula for sample size was applied in determining the sample size of 141 out of the population size of 143. The researchers collected primary data using a structured questionnaire administered to the respondents. Pearson Product Moment Correlational analysis was applied to establish the relationship between the variables of the study at a 5% level of significance. Results: Transaction processing system, decision support system and executive support system have a significant and positive effect on the firm performance of cement-producing companies in Southeast Nigeria. Limitations: The results are more fittingly applicable to only cement manufacturing companies. Therefore, they cannot be generalized to other sub-sectors of the Nigerian manufacturing industry. Also, the findings are valid to the extent that the responses to the questionnaire are free from bias. Contribution: The study contributes to knowledge by filling the gap created by the lack of empirical research that uncovers the influence of management information systems on the performance of cement manufacturing firms in the context of Southeast Nigeria.

An evaluation of the hydrocarbon potentials of the gboko formation, middle benue trough, nigeria

A total of seventeen (17) rock samples from the Albian Gboko Formation were collected from the quarry of Benue Cement Company for organic geochemical analysis, in order to evaluate its hydrocarbon potential . Total Organic Carbon (TOC) values for the samples ranges from 0.11-0.5wt%. The rock-eval data recorded S2, hydrogen index (HI), Oxygen index (OI), Tmax, and production index (PI) of 0.04-0.11, 25-54, 50-400, 310-4610C, and 0.4-0.6, respectively. These implies that the samples has a fair to poor source rock quality with a type IV kerogen. Optical methods (R0, TAI & VKF) conducted on three selected samples of shales reveal vitrinite reflectance (R0) of 0.77%, 1.11% and 1.54%, while thermal alteration index (TAI) recorded 2.7, 3.3 and 3.7. Kerogen fluorescence indicated weak to non fluorescence. These results infer that the sediments had evolved from oil to gas window due to severe thermal effects . This indicates their potential to generate hydrocarbon gas

The Nexus Between Environmental Management Accounting Practices and Financial Sustainability of Cement and Mining Companies in South Africa

The main purpose of the study is to investigate the relationship between environmental management accounting practices (EMAP) and financial performance of South African cement and mining companies. To attain the major objective of the research, three hypotheses were tested based on data from 45 JSE-listed cement and mining companies from 2010 to 2021. Multiple regression analysis with the assistance of IBM SPSS Statistics 24was also used to test the hypotheses. The study found that two accounting measures namely return on assets and net profit margin had no significant relationship with EMAP. However, the study also revealed that one accounting based measure namely return on equity had a positive and significant relationship with EMAP. This signifies that EMA is still at its primary stages in South Africa. In addition, the results also suggest that EMA is important to accomplish sustainability. The results provide managers with empirical evidence of EMAP that increases financial sustainability in the context of an emerging economy such as South Africa.

The effect of implementing green accounting on the environmental performance of cement, energy, and mining companies in Indonesia

This study aims to examine the effect of implementing green accounting on the environmental performance of cement, energy, and mining companies in Indonesia. This study is a quantitative study. The data used are secondary data obtained from sustainability reports of cement, energy, and mining companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) during the period of 2017-2020. The data analysis method used in this study is partial least squares using the WarpPLS 7.0 program. The results show that the implementation of green accounting in the form of renewable energy has a negative effect on environmental performance. The implementation of green accounting in the form of recycled waste has a significant positive effect on environmental performance. Meanwhile, the implementation of green accounting in the form of environmental costs has no effect on environmental performance.

Financial Performance Analysis Using Economic Value Added and Market Value Added Methods

This study aims to determine and analyze financial performance with the Economic Value Added and Market Value Added methods in the Cement Sub-sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2017-2021 period. The research method used is a quantitative method with a descriptive approach and the sampling technique in this study is a purposive sampling technique. The data collection techniques used used secondary data through library studies and documentation studies obtained through the website https://www.idx.co.id in the form of a Balance Sheet and Profit and Loss Report for the Year 2017-2021. The results of this study are that the three cement companies have a positive EVA value which means they have succeeded in creating economic value, and one company has a negative EVA value at PT Semen Baturaja Tbk which means the company is not able to provide added value in 2021. means providing added value through market capitalization value.

A study of management decisions to adopt emission reduction measures in heavy industry in an emerging economy

Heavy industry can face challenges in choosing applicable climate change mitigation measures due to a lack of technical background and practical guidance. A better understanding of these determinants is needed to design region-specific climate policies that most effectively enable more ‘successful’ low carbon transitions. Set in an emerging economy, this study aims to understand the determinants which underlie investment decision-making in greenhouse gas reduction. It relies on empirical research using an exploratory case study method in the leading cement company in Indonesia. The results show four key determinants influencing (constraining) adoption were (1) the primacy of profit-seeking objectives in operational planning and development; (2) the availability of sources (clinker substitutes and alternative energy fuels); (3) the limited access to cash capital; and (4) the complexity in implementing emissions reduction projects. The inquiry also compares determinants in an emerging and developed country to provide a comparative perspective on emissions management in manufacturing. It appears that firms from the industrial sector in emerging economies have investment strategies that are largely characterised by activities that accentuate achieving financial benefits or best value for money or cost savings in a short time frame, or ‘short-termism’. Currently, greenhouse gas emissions management activities tend to be second-preference strategies for firms in emerging economies, at least in the industrial manufacturing sector.

The role of network marketing for the Iraqi cement company in improving entrepreneurial behavior (An exploratory study of the opinions of a sample of company leaders)

The role of network marketing for the Iraqi cement company in improving entrepreneurial behavior (An exploratory study of the opinions of a sample of company leaders)

A new approach to effectively utilise the SWOT matrix in organisational strategic research (case study: Faraz Cement Company)

A new approach to effectively utilise the SWOT matrix in organisational strategic research (case study: Faraz Cement Company)

Economic-financial evaluation of a cement company: Cementos Pacasmayo

Purpose: The aim of this paper is to address a company valuation procedure by explaining the steps that must be followed from an economic-fi nancial perspective.Design methodology: We employ the study case methodology to fulfi ll all the procedure stages. Specifi cally, we analyze the Peruvian cement company “Cementos Pacasmayo”. A 10-year discounted cash fl ow (DCF) is presented and brought to present value using a discount rate (WACC) composed by the cost of debt and the cost of capital of thecompany.Findings: We can conclude that the evaluation process should always include the country, industry and company.Practical implications: Our study provides useful implications for management. On the one hand, it is important to highlight the subjectivity to predict some parameters or doing assumptions. On the other hand, it is important to understand and know a good procedure to valuate a company as an insider or a potential investor.Originality value: The proposed model consists of the economic studies of the country, sector and company, which allow the appraiser to specify certain parameters or assumptions for the elaboration of a model that approximates the value of the company.