Application Of Cement Research Articles

The Influence of Metal Coping Design on Fracture Resistance of Porcelain-Fused-to-Metal Crown

The porcelain-fused-to-metal crown is the most popular indirect restoration in dentistry due to its high fracture resistance and low cost. However, unaesthetic labial margin is unacceptable to patients. Metal collar causes dark discoloration, which is worsened by gingival recession. Modification in metal collar coping has been developed to combine high fracture resistance of metal and high aesthetic of porcelain. Modification in crown fabrication including structure and composition of both nickel chromium alloy and feldspathic porcelain; application of self-cured resin cement and digital method; is meant to improve aesthetics without compromising fracture resistance. This study was an experimental laboratory research to evaluate fracture resistance of porcelain-fused-to-metal crowns with different metal coping designs. A total of 20 samples were used and divided into 4 groups according to different coping designs: (1). full metal collar; (2). full metal collarless; (3). modified metal collarless with 1.5 mm reduction; (4). modified metal collarless with 2 mm reduction. Universal Testing Machine (LRXPlus, Lloyd) was used to measure fracture resistance of all crowns. Average fracture resistance value for group 1 was 988.42 N; Group 2 was 1180.15 N; Group 3 was 1089.47 N; Group 4 was 1202.61 N. The results of statistical analysis showed that there was a difference in fracture resistance among porcelain-fused-to-metal crowns with different coping designs, although the value was not statistically significant. The higher coping reduction at labial margin, the higher the fracture resistance and standard deviation.

Sustainable Reuse of Waste Tire Textile Fibers (WTTF) as Reinforcements.

Waste tire textile fibers (WTTF), as a by-product (10–15% by weight of tires) of end-of-life tires (ELT) mechanical recycling (grinding), are classified as hazardous wastes and traditionally burnt (thermal recycling) or buried (landfilling), leading to several environmental and ecological issues. Thus, WTTF still represent an important challenge in today’s material recycling streams. It is vital to provide practical and economical solutions to convert WTTF into a source of inexpensive and valuable raw materials. In recent years, tire textile fibers have attracted significant attention to be used as a promising substitute to the commonly used natural/synthetic reinforcement fibers in geotechnical engineering applications, construction/civil structures, insulation materials, and polymer composites. However, the results available in the literature are limited, and practical aspects such as fiber contamination (~65% rubber particles) remain unsolved, limiting WTTF as an inexpensive reinforcement. This study provides a comprehensive review on WTTF treatments to separate rubber and impurities and discusses potential applications in expansive soils, cement and concrete, asphalt mixtures, rubber aerogels and polymer composites.

Effects of different surface treatments on the compression-shear strength of CAD-CAM zirconia posts

Aim: Post systems are crucial for the treatment of endodontically treated teeth with excessive crown destruction. Currently, increase in esthetic demands has increased the use of tooth-colored post systems. The aim of this study was to evaluate compression-shear strength after the application of different resin cements and different surface treatments to zirconia post-cores produced by the CAD-CAM milling technique. Methodology: One hundred twenty crown parts of maxillary central incisors were cut using a 2-mm enamel–cement joint using a water-cooled diamond bur in an air turbine handpiece at 300,000 rpm. Root canals with the same diameter were prepared using Gates-Glidden drills and Snowpost system drills. According to the enlarged canal, zirconia posts were prepared by the CAD-CAM copy-milling technique, and the zirconia post surfaces were roughened by different techniques (hydrofluoric acid, Al2O3 partial abrasion, CoJet silica coating). The roughened posts were cemented to the tooth canal using three resin cements: 10-Methacryloyloxydecyl dihydrogen phosphate (MDP)-containing cement, Bis-GMA-based resin, and resin-based adhesive. As the control group, the zirconia post surfaces with no application were fixed using three resin cements. The specimens were set down into 25x25x25 mm fabricated blocks with acrylic resin materials. Compression-shear strength tests of the prepared samples were conducted on the Instron Testing Machine by using appropriate equipment. Results: In summary, the combination of roughening techniques such as Al2O3 partial etching and CoJet silica coating using cement-containing MDP rendered the highest compression-shear strength. Conclusion: This in vitro study proposes the cementation of zirconia post-cores etched by Cojet silica coating and Al2O3 particles using MDP-containing resin cement. How to cite this article: Eskitaşçıoğlu M, Toprak Gündüz D, Seyfioğlu Polat Z, Göncü Başaran E, Ayna E. Effects of different surface treatments on the compression-shear strength of CAD-CAM zirconia posts. Int Dent Res 2022;12(2):55-61. https://doi.org/10.5577/intdentres.2022.vol12.no2.a3 Linguistic Revision: The English in this manuscript has been checked by at least two professional editors, both native speakers of English.

The combined application of antibiotic-loaded bone cement and vacuum sealing drainage for sternal reconstruction in the treatment of deep sternal wound infection

BackgroundDeep sternal wound infection (DSWI) is a rare but serious complication after median sternotomy, and treatment success depends mainly on surgical experience. Traditional treatment methods for DSWI include complete debridement, vacuum sealing drainage wound therapy and sometimes transposition of muscle flap. This study aimed to evaluate the utility of antibiotic-loaded bone cement combined with vacuum sealing drainage on DSWI and explore the effect of this treatment on lung function.MethodsBetween January 2018 and December 2019, we treated 12 patients suffering a mediastinitis and open thorax using antibiotic-loaded bone cement combined with vacuum sealing drainage. Subsequently, the blood and local concentration of antibiotic were measured. The patient characteristics, pulmonary function, were retrospectively analyzed. Subjects were followed up for 12 months.ResultsThere were no intraoperative deaths. All patients’ healing wounds were first-stage healing without complications and reoperation, the mean hospital stay was 20.2 ± 3.5 days. Local vancomycin concentrations largely exceeded the ones needed for their efficacy while little antibiotic was found in the blood. Pulmonary function testing was improved 2 weeks after the operation. No infection reoccurred in12-month follow-up.ConclusionsThe antibiotic-loaded bone cement combined with vacuum sealing drainage might be an effective method for the sternal reconstruction of deep sternal wound infection and it can improve the patient's lung function in a short time.

Engineered bone cement trigger bone defect regeneration

Bone defects, which can be caused by factors such as trauma, tumor, or osteomyelitis, are clinically common. They lessen the weight a bone is able to bear and cause severe pain to the patient. Although bone transplantation is the gold standard for treating bone defects, it is not suitable for all patients due to its poor availability, risk of spreading disease, and possibility of requiring a secondary surgery. Bone cement as a filler for bone defects can fill any shape of bone defect, and can quickly solidify when injected, providing mechanical strength sufficient for supporting the normal physiological activities of the bone. However, traditional bone cement lacks the ability to induce bone regeneration. Recently, various methods for enhancing the bone regeneration ability of bone cement have been developed, such as adding bone morphogenetic proteins, mesenchymal stem cells, and inorganic substances to bone cement. These methods not only ensure the original biological properties of the bone cement, but also improve the bone cement in terms of its mechanical strength and ability to induce bone regeneration. The aim of this review is to overview the process of bone regeneration, introduce improved bone cement formulations designed to promote bone regeneration, and discuss the clinical application of bone cement and its possibilities for future improvement.

Impact of plasticizers’ types on the performance of calcium aluminate cement

Nowadays it is almost impossible to design a cement-based mixture without the application of some plasticizing additives. There have been developed many types of plasticizers, but they are mostly directed for Portland cement applications. In the case of calcium aluminate cement (CAC), they are also widely employed, but their impact has not been properly studied yet. In this paper, four different bases of plasticizers are investigated through the view of their impact on the composition of hardened CAC paste and on the physical properties of CAC composites as well. The most convenient additive for refractories was found to be plasticizer based on modified polycarboxylates. For the application of CAC at ambient temperature the best solution was the polycarboxylates. However, the dosage of latter have to be performed carefully, because these mixtures are susceptible to bleeding. On the other hand, the melamine-formaldehyde resin was assessed as an unsuitable plasticiser for CAC.

COMPARISON FLUORIDE CONCENTRATION IN SALIVA BETWEEN FLUORIDE VARNISH AND GLASS IONOMER CEMENT

Background: Caries is one of the most common dental diseases. Caries prevention by improving dental health has become a major goal in the world of dentistry.Topical application of fluoride is one of the most effective ways to prevent caries.Glass ionomer cement and fluoride varnish has the effect of preventing dental caries because these materials release fluoride. There is no better treatment for demineralization than prevention itself. One of these steps is the combination of dental restorative materials with the application of topical fluoride as an additional source of fluoride.Method: A total of 32 permanent premolar teeth samples, immersed in artificial saliva before and after the application of fluoride varnish and glass ionomer cement. The measurement of fluoride levels in saliva was carried out using a spectrophotometric tool.Result: Independent T-test results obtained sig. below 0.05 indicates that there are differences in the level of fluoride levels between the fluoride varnish group and the glass ionomer cement.Conclusion: Fluoride varnish and glass ionomer cement can increase fluor concentration in salivaÂ

Study of strontium-doped tricalcium silicate/hydroxyapatite composite cement prepared through sol–gel process

A composite cement made of strontium containing tricalcium silicate and hydroxyapatite (SrC3S/HAp) was prepared and studied through a two-stage sol–gel method. The elemental components are 75 wt% of strontium-doped tricalcium silicate (SrC3S) and 25 wt% of hydroxyapatite (HAp). According to previous studies, the SrC3S has good mechanical properties and hydraulic conductivity, and the HAp has good biocompatibility. Therefore, the 75SrC3S-25HAp powder with 10 wt% of NaH2PO4 solution was mixed to prepare the slurry material. This slurry was measured for the working time and setting time at 37 °C under saturated vapor pressure. The material properties were evaluated in terms of crystal structures, surface morphologies, and mechanical properties. The in vitro testing was conducted to determine the ion release rate and curing behavior under a simulated body fluid environment. Finally, the L929 murine fibroblast cells were cultured to study the biocompatibility of the material. The results indicated that the operating time was 15.2 min, and the setting time was 43.6 min. After being soaked into simulated body fluid for14 days of the experiment, the compressive strength of 75SrC3S-25HAp remained 22.1 MPa, and the release of calcium and strontium ions was 501.4 ppm and 49.5 ppm, respectively. The cell viabilities were higher than 70% in various concentrations. These results suggest the 75SrC3S-25HAp has excellent potential for bone cement application.

The Effect of Working Time and Application Technique on Cement Penetration into a Tibial Model

BackgroundAseptic loosening of the cemented tibial component is a source of failure in total knee arthroplasty. This study examined common techniques for cement application by quantifying depth and volume of penetration into tibia models. Material and methodsThirty-six composite tibia models were cemented with a tibial component using 3 application techniques (gun, osteotome, and layered) with either early or late cement working time. Computed tomography and 3D-modeling were used to quantify volume and depth of penetration. Statistical analysis was conducted with analysis of variance with Bonferroni correction and Student’s t-test. ResultsNo difference was found in overall volume of penetration between early and late cement application (P = .16). Beneath the baseplate, the layered technique had significantly less penetration and averaged less than 3 mm with early and late cement. The gun technique had the greatest depth of penetration with early cement and averaged greater than 3 mm in all zones regardless of cement working time. The osteotome technique achieved significantly greater depth of penetration around the keel with early and late cement, P < .01. ConclusionsUsing a cement gun ensures adequate penetration beneath the baseplate regardless of cement working time while the osteotome technique is effective to increase penetration around the implant keel. According to our study, applying cement early in its working time may not increase volume of penetration. This study raises concern regarding adequate cement penetration using the layered technique for cementing the tibial component in total knee arthroplasty, and future research is warranted.

Application and modification of bone cement in vertebroplasty: A literature review.

Vertebral compression fractures are more common in the elderly, particularly in postmenopausal women. Most of these people are accompanied by osteoporosis, which can easily lead to spinal deformities and fractures. Once a fracture occurs, the patient would have severe pain response, limited spinal movement, and need to stay in bed for a long time, resulting in a significant decrease in their quality of life. Percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) is a minimally invasive spinal surgery that injects bone cement into the diseased vertebrae for therapeutic purposes. It can quickly relieve pain and stabilize the spine. It is widely used in the treatment of vertebral compression fractures and is currently an ideal treatment method. There are many materials of bone cement used in clinical treatment, and each material has unique characteristics. Many scholars would modify the bone cement according to the advantages and disadvantages to make it more suitable for clinical use. In this review, we discuss the clinical application and modification of bone cement.

Effect of titanium slag on the properties of magnesium phosphate cement

Titanium slag is industrial solid waste, and its efficient utilization has important practical significance for reducing the environmental impact and promoting resource utilization. In the magnesium phosphate cement (MPC) application process, its high hydration heat and setting rate are always difficult problems to solve, adding fillers is the main method to improve the performance of MPC. Therefore, this paper mainly studies the influence of titanium slag on the working performance, hydration temperature and mechanical properties of MPC. X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TG), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) were also used to analyze the hydration products and microscopic morphology of the samples. The results show that titanium slag can effectively improve the working performance of the MPC slurry and reduce the heat of hydration. When the content of titanium slag is 50%, the fluidity of MPC samples with M/P of 2:1 and 3:1 is significantly higher than that of the original group, the setting time is increased by 115.4% and 100%, respectively, and the hydration temperature is reduced by 21.9% and 17%, respectively. The compressive strength of MPC decreases with increasing titanium slag content, and when M/P is 3:1, the early strength is increased. XRD and TG analysis showed that adding titanium slag reduced K-struvite formation in the MPC sample. SEM and EDS analysis indicate that large amounts of titanium slag will change the shape and size of the hydrated product, and the structure will become loose. When the titanium slag content is 30%, the sample with M/P = 3:1 has a dense structure and high strength. A certain amount of titanium slag is beneficial for prolonging the setting time of MPC, and a lower hydration exotherm and higher fluidity will also increase with titanium slag addition.

Investigation on use of silica based additive for sustainable subgrade construction

This study presents the potential application of cement and StabilRoad, a silica based additive for subgrade soil stabilization. The coupling effect of soil, cement and StabilRoad additive has been evaluated by compaction characteristics, California bearing ratio (CBR) and Unconfined compressive strength (UCS) at various percentages of cement along with this additive. The underlying mechanism that contributes to the stabilization process was visualized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The result indicates an enhancement in mechanical performances of the soil mixture containing this additive. CBR value and UCS were increased by 72.413 % (soaked condition) and 79.16 % (28 days) on addition of 1 % StabilRoad to the cement modified soil mixture. Meanwhile, different regression models namely, quantile regression (QR), partial least square regression (PSL-R), and linear regression (LNR) models have been developed to establish the relationship of UCS and CBR with routine properties of subgrade soil. LNR model attained the highest predictive accuracy in all cases. An increase in the intensity of C-S-H peaks has been observed with the incorporation of this additive which is responsible for enhanced strength in the modified soil mixture. Subgrade stabilization with this additive also resulted in reducing the overall cost by minimizing the crust thickness of the pavement. Therefore, the present investigation confirms the usability of cement and StabilRoad in subgrade stabilization with significant economic benefits.

Final Colour of Ultratranslucent Multilayered Zirconia Veneers, Effect of Thickness, and Resin Cement Shade

Background Aesthetic restorations should be able to mimic the natural colour depth of teeth, affected by several factors including material properties. There is a lack of information regarding the effect of cement shade and material thickness on the final colour of ultratranslucent multilayered zirconia veneers. Objectives This study evaluated the effect of ceramic thickness and resin cement shade on the final colour of different layers of ultratranslucent multilayered (UTML) zirconia veneers. Methods This in vitro study produced 90 rectangular-shaped specimens with nonsintered Katana UTML monolithic zirconia (Kuraray Noritake Dental, Tokyo, Japan), shade A1 blocks. Ceramic samples were prepared in two groups of 0.7 mm and 0.5 mm thicknesses, 45 of each (a: 8 × 11 × 0.5 mm; b: 8 × 11 × 0.7 mm). Specimens of each thickness were further divided into 5 groups: universal, clear, brown, white, and opaque (n = 9). Each adhesive resin cement (Panavia V5) was applied between the ceramic samples and composite substrate. The colour values were measured using a spectrophotometer in baseline and after resin cement application according to the CIELab system. For all samples, ΔE00 values were obtained. Data were evaluated with SPSS 25 using the three-way ANOVA test (p < 0.05). Results The factors of cement shade, ceramic thickness, and ceramic layers have statistically significant effect on ΔE00 values (p < 0.001). The results showed lower ΔE00 values with thicker ceramic veneers. Tukey test results showed that the opaque and brown shade had a significantly greater ΔE00 values comparing to universal (p = 0.004), clear, and white shades (p < 0.001). Conclusion The colour change was greater in lower ceramic thickness. Different shades of resin cement and layers of UTML zirconia differently affected the final colour.

Chemical initiator-free synthesis of Poly (acrylic acid-co-itaconic acid) using radiation-induced polymerization for application in dental cements

Glass ionomer cements (GICs) have been explored by the researchers around the world for their applications in dentistry because of numerous advantages such as their distinctive clinical properties e.g., anticariogenic properties, chemical adhesion to tooth surface and biocompatibility. However, the GICs prepared through the conventional chemical polymerization methods suffer from many disadvantages including release of unreacted monomer and toxic initiator into oral cavity. Therefore, in the present work, attempts were made to synthesize the polymer to be used in GICs using toxic initiator-free γ-irradiation technique. Different molar ratios of acrylic acid and itaconic acid were polymerized using Co-60 γ-source to produce Poly(acrylic acid-co-itaconic acid, PAA-co-IA). The synthesized copolymers, were characterized by FTIR, DSC and TGA. Compressive strengths of GIC specimens formed by incorporating fluoro-aluminosilicate (FAS) glass with synthesized copolymers, were investigated after storing for 1, 7, 14 and 28 days in distilled water. FESEM was performed to study the surface morphology of the cements. The working and setting time were determined as per ISO4049. The copolymers PAA-co-IA were synthesized via γ-irradiation method to form GIC. The results show that DC/PAA-co-IA/2:1 have higher Compressive Strength (CS) of 157.65 ± 4.02 M Pa as compared to control. High acidic erosion stability was observed, which was in agreement with the FESEM studies showing lower cracks and voids. Thus, γ-irradiation polymerization technique was initiator-free, facile and proficient for the synthesis of copolymers used in preparing GICs.

Application of Antibiotic-Impregnated Polymethyl-Methacrylate Bone Cement for the Treatment of Infected Cranioplasties: Initial Experience.

Management of infected cranioplasty implants remains a surgical challenge. Surgical debridement, removal of the infected implant, and prolonged antibiotic therapy are part of the acute management. In addition, cranioplasty removal poses the risk of dural tear. Reconstruction of the cranial defect is usually delayed for several months to years, increasing the difficulty due to soft tissue contraction and scarring. The aim of the study was to propose an alternative to delayed reconstruction in the face of infection with a dual purpose: treat the infection with a material which delivers antibiotic to the area (polymethyl-methacrylate antibiotic) and which functions as a temporary or permanent cranioplasty. We reviewed the records of 3 consecutive patients who underwent single-stage polymethyl-methacrylate antibiotic salvage cranioplasty. All patients underwent debridement of infected tissue. Titanium mesh was placed over the bony defect. Polymethyl methacrylate impregnated with vancomycin and tobramycin was then spread over the plate and defect before closure. Patients also received extended treatment with systemic antimicrobials. Early outcomes have been encouraging for both cosmesis and treatment of infection. Benefits of this treatment strategy include immediate reconstruction rather than staged procedures and delivery of high concentrations of antibiotics directly to the affected area in addition to systemic antibiotics.

Bond strength of silane-containing adhesive to glass-ceramic material

The objective this study was to assess the effect of silane-containing universal adhesive (UA) on theshear bond strength (SBS) of dual-cure resin cement to glass-ceramic material. IPS e.max CAD, IvoclarVivadent blocks were prepared, polished, acid etched with a 5% hydrofluoric acid etchant and then randomly distributed into three groups (n = 15) according to the priming material applied for each material. In group 1 (control), no priming was performed prior to the application of a resin cement (Multilink automix, Ivoclarvivadent). In group 2, a silane-based primer (Monobond Plus, IvoclarVivadent) was applied onto the ceramic surface while in group 3, a silane-containing universal adhesive, single bond universal, 3m was used as a primer. The resin-ceramic bonded specimens were subjected to artificial aging via 10k thermocycling before the SBS was assessed using a universal testing machine at a crosshead speed of 1 mm/min. Failure mode patterns were evaluated using a scanning electron microscope. The SBS data were statistically analysed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) (α = 0.05).

Study on Rheological Mechanism of Cement-Coal Gangue Cementitious Material (CGCM) Slurry

To explore the rheological mechanism of cement-coal gangue cementitious material (CGCM) slurry, the effects of the activation temperature (500°C-900°C) of coal gangue on the initial fluidity, plastic viscosity (η0), and yield stress (τ0) of CGCM slurry were considered, the variation laws of rheological parameters of CGCM slurry at different hydration ages were compared, and the rheological equations of CGCM slurry were established in this study. The results show that the rheological law of the CGCM slurry conforms to the modified Bingham model, and the significant shear thinning occurs in the CGCM slurry at low-shear speed, and relatively weak shear thickening occurs in the CGCM slurry at high-shear speed; under the thermal activation temperature of 800°C, the pozzolanic activity of coal gangue reaches the highest, the hydration reaction is the fastest, and the initial fluidity of CGCM slurry at 800°C is the lowest; the plastic viscosity of CGCM slurry increases gradually with the increase of thermal activation temperature of coal gangue, and the yield stress of the CGCM slurry reaches the maximum at 800°C; the flow law of CGCM slurry has significant time-varying characteristics, and the plastic viscosity and yield stress of CGCM slurry increase gradually with the extension of hydration time. This study shows that the fluidity of coal gangue cement slurry has significant time-varying characteristics, which can provide effective theoretical support for the accurate application of coal gangue cement in grouting engineering.

Comparative analysis of the geopolymer and Portland cement application as plugging material under conditions of incomplete displacement of drilling mud from the annulus

Portland cement is traditionally used in cementing of oil and gas wells. However, Portland cement has a number of shortcomings. The most important of these are the formation of microannuli between the cement plug and the rock or casing, as well as the formation of cracks and permeable channels in the cement matrix. Recent research shows that geopolymer can be a perspective alternate to portlandcement by overcoming beforementioned issues. The article comparatively analyzes the changes in the parameters of plugging materials containing geopolymer and Portland cement while contamination with water-based drilling mud. The results show that geopolymerbased solutions are more resistant to contamination with water-based drilling mud than Portland cement-based solutions. Thus, mixing Portland cement slurry with water-based drilling mud increases its viscosity and fluid loss, and sharply reduces its compressive strength. However, when a geopolymer solution is mixed with a water-based drilling fluid, its viscosity is almost unchanged, its fluid loss is reduced, and reduction in its compressive strength is less than in Portlandcement based material. Keywords: portland cement; geopolymer; fly ash; cementing; water based mud; mud contamination.

Compressive Strength of Stabilised Granitic Residual Soil Using Mixture of Pineapple Fibre—Hydrated Lime

Granitic Residual Soil (GRS), referring to the weathered soil from rocks, widely exists all over the world, especially in tropical regions. This type of soil is considered weak for construction due to unsaturated soils and the fact that granitic soil properties can vary from one location to another during formation. As a result, soil stabilisation is necessary. In Malaysia, pineapple fibre (PA fibre) is one of the most widely available waste materials. Chemical stabilisation technology is an attractive stabilisation technique that has been successfully used as a soil stabilising agent for many years. Hydrated lime (HL) is an activation agent and is very commonly used to replace cement application in soil stabilisation. Utilising HL and PA fibre as a soil stabilising agent is an economical and sustainable option as HL contains high pozzolanic characteristics that make it more suitable and reliable to stabilise soil, and PA fibre has high specific stiffness and strength. This study uses the replacement portion of the GRS with stabilising agents—HL and PA fibre, aiming to achieve Malaysia’s green technology goals by balancing economic expansion and environmental privilege. However, the aim of this study is to determine the effect of HL–PA fibre mixture replacement on the performance of mechanical and physical properties enhancements of GRS. GRS is the control sample whereas HL and PA fibre are used as binders. The unconfined compressive strength with the curing period was tested. The result showed that for untreated GRS, the moisture content, Atterberg limit, and specific gravity were 9.44%, 37.3%, and 2.3%, respectively, while the maximum dry density was 1.55 g/cm3 and the optimum moisture was 13.5%, according to the compaction test. Due to weathering conditions, the soil was classified using the Unified Soil Classification System (USCS) as well-graded sand soil, based on the sieve analysis. Sieved soil of 2 mm was used to stabilise the GRS mix with HL and PA fibre. The resulting UCS showed that 0 curing days increased strength by 31%, while 7 curing days increased strength by 26% before decreasing the strength by 8.4% to 9%.

Early aseptic loosening of the tibial component at the cement-implant interface in total knee arthroplasty: a narrative overview of potentially associated factors.

Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is a highly effective surgical procedure, but in some patients TKAs fail early due to a variety of underlying factors. About 11% of revision TKAs within one year of primary TKA are the result of aseptic loosening of the tibial component at the cement-implant interface. Literature regarding the most important factors associated with this type of loosening is scarce. The objective is to give an overview of the literature regarding factors associated with aseptic loosening of the tibia component at the cement-implant interface in total knee arthroplasty. A narrative literature review based on publications identified through PubMed and CINAHL databases. Twelve studies were identified, which describe a total of 299 cases of early aseptic loosening of the tibia component at the cement-implant interface. The main associated factors reported were cementa- tion factors. These factors included the use of high viscosity cement (HVC), cement application methods and cement thickness. Other main reported associated factor related to implant design factors, which included component shape and surface roughness. The least frequently reported associated factors related to the patient characteristics of body mass index (BMI). Several factors associated with early aseptic loosening of the tibial component at the cement-implant interface in total knee arthroplasty were identified in this review. The most frequently reported associated factors related to cementation factors and implant design factors. Because the literature in this area is scarce, further research is warranted in an effort to prevent early aseptic loosening in future TKAs.