Application Of Cement Research Articles

Adhesion of resin cement to dentin : effects of adhesive promoters, immediate dentin sealing strategies, and surface conditioning

Purpose This study evaluated the shear bond strength (SBS) of resin cement to dentin after applying two adhesive (A) systems with a combination of four different immediate dentin sealing (IDS) strategies, and two surface conditioning (SC) methods. Material and methods Human third molars (n = 140) were collected and randomly split (n = 70 each) between the two A systems (Clearfil SE Bond; Kuraray [AC] and Optibond FL; Kerr [AO]). The A groups were further divided into four IDS strategies (2 x one adhesive layer (IDS-1L); 2 x two adhesive layers (IDS-2L); 2 x one adhesive layer and one flowable layer (IDS-F); 2 x no adhesive layer (delayed dentin sealing [DDS]). Finally, each strategy group was categorized into one of the two SC methods (only pumice [SC-P] or pumice and silica coating [SC-PS]), except the DDS group, where only SC-P was used. This resulted in 14 groups of 10 specimens each. The occlusal coronal third was removed from each molar crown with a diamond saw (Isomet 1000), and IDS was applied, followed by temporary restorations. These were removed after 2 weeks of water storage, and the IDS surfaces were subsequently conditioned. The standard adhesive procedure (Syntac Primer and Adhesive, Heliobond; Ivoclar Vivadent) was executed, followed by the application of a resin cement (Variolink II; Ivoclar Vivadent) and photopolymerization. All specimens were subjected to thermocyclic aging (10,000 cycles, 5°C to 55°C). Shear force was applied to the adhesive interface in a universal testing machine (1 mm/min). Fracture types and locations after loading were classified. The data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and independent samples t tests. Results AO groups exhibited higher mean SBS values (14.4 ± 6.43) than AC groups (12.85 ± 4.97) (P = 0.03). ANOVA showed the main effect of the applications on the SBS in the different groups (P = 0.00). Both DDS groups showed significantly lower SBS values compared with all the IDS groups (IDS-1L, IDS-2L, IDS-F). No significant differences in SBS results were found between the IDS groups (P = 0.43) and between the SC methods (P = 0.76). Dentin-cement interface failures diminished with the application of IDS. Conclusion IDS improves the SBS compared with DDS. No significant differences were found between the tested conditioning methods.

Application of bone cement for ossicular chain defects

Objective To evaluate the postoperative results and usefulness of bone cement application in repairing ossicular chain defects, to discuss surgical technique, and to compare preoperative and postoperative ABG. Study design This was a prospective case series study. Patients and methods This study was carried out in the ORL-HNS Department, Zagazig University Hospital and Hearing and Speech Institute, from March 2014 to March 2017, on 20 patients with ossicular chain defect. Rebridging of ossicular discontinuity was done by glass monomer bone cement in all patients. Results In this study, successful hearing restoration could be achieved in 95% of the patients represented, as 55% of the patients had hearing improvement (dB gain) of more than or equal 10 dB, and 20% of patients had hearing improvement (dB gain) more than 20 dB, and 20% of patients had hearing improvement (dB gain) of more than 40 dB, after 12 months. Conclusion Incudostapedial joint rebridging ossiculoplasty with ionomeric bone cement is a reliable method for ossicular reconstruction that is cost effective and offers satisfactory hearing results in selected patients.

Клінічна ефективність застосування цементу на основі мінерального триоксиодного агрегату за умов діагностованих перфоративних уражень кореня зуба

Клінічна ефективність застосування цементу на основі мінерального триоксиодного агрегату за умов діагностованих перфоративних уражень кореня зуба

THE EFFICIENCY OF PLASTICIZING SURFACTANTS IN ALKALI-ACTIVATED CEMENT MORTARS AND CONCRETES

Application of alkali-activated cements (AAC) allows to provide high quality functional and durable mortars and concretes in the view of efficient application of raw materials and energy supplies. There are five types of AACs depending on their composition. Thus the basic factor of AAC composition change can be considered as part of granulated blast furnace slag (GBFS) that changing from 0 % to 100 % in aluminosilicate component of cement. Compounds of alkaline metals are considered as AAC structurization components, which contents depend on AAC type. Functionality of mortars and concretes is regulated by surfactants, which act as plasticizing admixtures. However modification of AAC by admixtures has certain features connected with risk of molecular structure degradation in hydration medium of AAC due to alkaline hydrolysis (saponification). The emergence and speed of this process are determined first of all by AAC composition including nature (group) of alkaline component. The objective was to determine the chemical nature of plasticizers effective for property modification of mortars and concretes based on AACs with various content of GBFS (from 0 to 100 %) and appropriate alkaline component content. Stability of plasticizers’ molecular structure in hydrated medium of AAC with different content of GBFS was investigated by means of infrared spectroscopy. It was shown that admixtures with ester bonds undergo of molecular structure degradation as a result of alkaline hydrolysis at increasing pH values that is caused by content of alkaline component and depends on the nature of alkaline component. Admixtures without ester bonds (sodium lignosulphonate,ones based on polyethylene glycol and acyclic polyamine) are characterized by stability of molecule regardless of alkaline component content. The effective admixtures were used in dry mixes for anchoring (consistency of mortar 150 mm by Vicat cone; 1 d tensile strength in bending / compressive strength of mortar = 6,6 /30,6 MPа) and in ready-mixed concretes (consistency class changed from S1 to S3, S4 with consistency safety during 60 min; 3 d compressive strength of concrete was not less than the reference one without admixtures).

Cement augmentation of glenoid baseplate screws does not improve primary stability in reversed shoulder arthroplasty: A cadaveric study

IntroductionCuff tear arthritis and complex proximal humeral fractures are common pathologies that are frequently addressed by the implantation of a reversed shoulder prosthesis. The present cadaveric study aimed to analyze the effect of cement augmentation of the glenoid component on the primary stability in geriatric patients. HypothesisCement augmentation of glenoid baseplate screws has an influence on primary stability in reversed shoulder arthroplasty (RSA). Materials and methodsGlenoid base plates (Delta Xtend, DePuy Synthes, Westchester, USA) were implanted in 6 pairs of formalin-fixated scapulae of 4 female and 2 male donors (average age 83 years). Two angle stable screws were placed at the superior and inferior position. Cement augmentation was performed with 2ml bone cement (Kyphon, Medtronic, Minneapolis, USA) per screw in right specimens. Afterwards, biomechanical testing with 600 to 1000N (100 cycles) at a 65° abduction angle was performed. Finally, a load-to-failure analysis was conducted. ResultsNo implant loosening was observed during cyclic tests from 600N to 1000N. In addition no difference in the plastic deformation was detected at 600N (p=0.301), 700N (p=0.522), 800N (p=0.480), 900N (p=0.521) and 1000N (p=0.748). Load-to-failure analyses revealed implant loosening at 3314N (SD 823N) in the cement-augmented implants and at 3059N (SD 974N) in scapulae with non-cemented screws (p=0.522). DiscussionCement-augmented fixation of the glenoid component did not result in an increased primary stability in this study. Thus, the application of cement should be critically assessed considering associated risks and increased costs. Level of proofBasic science study, controlled laboratory study.

Positive influence of simvastatin used as adjuvant agent for cavity lining.

To assess the biological, antimicrobial, and mechanical effects of the treatment of deep dentin with simvastatin (SV) before application of a glass-ionomer cement (GIC). Dentin discs were adapted to artificial pulp chambers and SV (2.5 or 1.0mg/mL) was applied to the occlusal surface, either previously conditioned or not with EDTA (±EDTA). The extracts (culture medium + SV that diffused through dentin) was obtained and then applied to cultured odontoblast-like MDPC-23 cells. Cell viability, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and mineralization nodule (MN) deposition were evaluated. Untreated discs were used as control. The antibacterial activity of SV (2.5 or 1.0mg/mL) against Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus acidophilus, as well as the bond strength of GIC to dentin in the presence of SV 2.5mg/mL (±EDTA) were also assessed. The data were analyzed by ANOVA/Tukey tests (α = 5%). EDTA + SV 2.5mg/mL significantly enhanced the ALP activity and MN deposition in comparison with the control, without changing in the cell viability (p < 0.05). The association EDTA + SV 2.5mg/mL + GIC determined the highest ALP and MN values (p < 0.05). SV presented intense antimicrobial activity, and the EDTA dentin conditioning followed by SV application increased bond strength values compared with SV treatment alone (p < 0.05). SV presents antimicrobial activity and diffuses across conditioned dentin to biostimulate odontoblast-like pulp cells. The use of SV as adjuvant agent for indirect pulp capping may biostimulate pulp cells thus preserving vitality and function of the pulp-dentin complex.

Design and performance of a novel foaming device for plugging air leakage in underground coal mines

Air leakage to the gob is an indispensable factor in spontaneous combustion in underground coal mine. Foam cement is used as an effective means to overcome this problem. To obtain high-quality foam, a novel foaming device was designed. The performance of the device was tested under different working conditions. The test results demonstrate that reasonable operating conditions of the device are: a gas pressure of 0.4–0.6 MPa, foaming agent flow rate of 0.006–0.012 m3/h, and gas-water flow ratio of 14–17. Comparing the filling effect of the foam cement produced by the novel foaming device to a traditional filling material, loess, it is found that the oxygen and carbon monoxide concentrations in the gob are greatly reduced; in other words, the foam cement showed an outstanding effect of plugging air leakage. The proposed novel foaming device could greatly promote the large-scale application of foam cement filling technology used to suppress air leakage in underground coal mines to prevent spontaneous combustion.

Effect of cement application techniques on the adaptation and retention of provisional crowns.

A well-made and properly cemented provisional restoration is essential for the health of abutment teeth and periodontium. Few focused studies are available on the effect of cementation techniques on the fit as well as on the retention of the provisional crowns. To investigate the effect of six cement application techniques on the adaptation and retention of provisional crowns. Seventy-two provisional crowns (Bisacryl resin) were fabricated over identical self-cured resin dies and were divided into six groups (N= 72; 6 ×n= 12) of cement application techniques (Temp Bond NE, Kerr Corporation). Group-A (Bulk Fill); Group-B (Cement on inner walls); Group-C (Cement on axial walls); Group-D (Cement on crown margin); Group-E (Cement on tooth margin); Group-F (Cement with vent-holes). Adaptation was assessed before and after cementation with digital caliper (0.001mm). Universal testing machine was used for retention measurement in Mega Pascal's (MPa). Data was analyzed by SPSS using Paired T-Test and Tukey's test (p< 0.05). The highest and lowest difference between the two measurements was observed for the Group A (0.095mm) and Group C (0.030mm) respectively. Paired T-Test revealed significance (p< 0.05) between before and after cementation. Group-F (0.6094MPa) and Group-E (0.1858MPa) showed the highest and lowest retention respectively. Group-E (Cement on tooth margin) with lowest retention significantly differed (Tukey's Test; p< 0.05) from other groups. Bulk filling of the provisional crown with luting cement significantly increases the adaptation discrepancies. Discrepancies are more when luting cement is applied on the occlusal surface of the crowns. However, it didn't influence the retention of the crowns. Cement application on axial walls and cervical third of intaglio surface of crowns was the method of choice with regards to adaptation and retention combined. Addition of vent-holes improved the adaptation with best possible retention.

Effect of a sonic device on bonding of fiberglass posts to root canals

Aim: This study evaluated the effect of a sonic device on the bonding of fiberglass posts cemented with a self-etching adhesive combined with conventional cement or a self-adhesive cement to root dentin. Methods: Forty single-rooted bovine incisors were endodontically prepared using a step-back technique. Gutta-percha and AH Plus sealer were used for root canal filling, combined with a thermoplasticization technique. After 1 week, the post space was prepared and the roots were divided into four groups according to the following factors: adhesive system/resin cement (Ambar/ AllCem Core [FGM] and RelyX U200 [3M]) and application mode (manual or sonic). The posts were cemented and the roots were cut into discs and submitted to push-out bond strength (POBS) test. The failure mode was evaluated using a stereoscope at 25x magnification. The data were analyzed statistically using ANOVA and Tukey’s post-hoc test (α = 0.05). Results: The sonically activated RelyX U200 group was superior to the other groups. RelyX U200 manually applicated showed similar results to those of sonically activated Âmbar/AllCem. These three groups outperformed the Âmbar/AllCem manually applicated group. Adhesive failure between dentin and resin cement was the most predominant pattern. Conclusion: Sonic application of self-etching adhesive and self-adhesive cement improved the POBS of fiber posts to the root canal.

Hydration accelerator and photocatalyst of nanotitanium dioxide synthesized via surfactant-assisted method in cement mortar

To develop TiO2-based cement materials, the effect of TiO2 on the cement hydration and photocatalytic reaction should be investigated. The phase, size and shape of TiO2 are important factors for better understanding its application in cement. TiO2 nanoparticles were synthesized by a surfactant-assisted, reverse micelle method to control phase, size and shape by three selected surfactants namely: sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), cetyl trimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and TritonX-100. The synthesized TiO2 nanoparticles were characterized by XRD, SEM and TEM for observation of phase, size and shape. The modified micro structures of admixed cements with the different synthesized TiO2 nanoparticles incorporated were also examined by SEM. Particularly, the hydration process and photocatalytic reaction of the cement mixture were evaluated by heat flow calorimetry and methylene blue (MB) degradation, respectively. Results showed that anatase-rich and smaller size TiO2 nanoparticles provided accelerated cement hydration and the ability to degrade MB photocatalytically at the surface of admixed-TiO2 cement.

Development of Ca2+-based, ion-responsive superabsorbent hydrogel for cement applications: Self-healing and compressive strength

Superabsorbent polymers (SAPs) are broadly applied in cement and concrete. However, the increased macrovoids resulting from the absorption/desorption of SAPs, remarkably reduced the resulting mechanical properties. In this study, we prepared superabsorbent CaAlg hydrogels by crosslinking Ca2+ and sodium alginate (NaAlg). The ion-responsive behavior of CaAlg was measured, and results showed at lower the Ca2+ concentrations, higher swelling potentials were observed, which was consistent with what was expected with the formation of a less dense network. This interesting dependence on Ca2+ concentration likely avoids the formation of large macro-pores during the mixing process of cement and results in increased swelling when cracks occur and water enters the crevices. The results of compressive strength measurements demonstrated that the addition of 0.5 wt% CaAlg resulted in a negligible reduction (0.014%) in compressive strength due to the limited swelling capacity in pore solution. Interestingly, in the sodium silicate self-healing system, in addition to the widely reported self-sealing effects upon adsorption of additional water, CaAlg also accelerates the precipitation of calcium silicate hydrates (CSH) by providing Ca2+, which makes the healing process more efficient.

Effect of mixing sequence of calcium ion and polycarboxylate superplasticizer on dispersion of a low grade silica fume in cement-based materials

Effective use of low grade silica fume (SF) is of both environmental and economic significance. However its low pozzolanic reactivity, presence of large fused aggregates and poor adsorption of dispersant such as polycarboxylate superplasticizer (PCE) hinder its application in cement and concrete. Recent studies have focused on effect of cationic ions on PCE adsorption on silica fume, but attempts have not been made on low grade SF. In this paper, effect of different mixing sequences of cationic calcium ions (Ca2+) and anionic polycarboxylate superplasticizer (PCE) on dispersing a low grade SF was compared in both aqueous suspension and cement paste. In the aqueous suspension, adsorption and dispersion behavior of low grade SF suspension mixed with different sequence of calcium ion and PCE were characterized by Total Organic Carbon (TOC) test, free settling test and laser particle size test. Results showed that priority adsorption of Ca2+ followed by PCE to low grade SF suspension (sample SF2) favored adsorption of PCE on SF. After sequential addition of Ca2+ and PCE to the SF, sample SF2 had the best anti-free settling ability and particle dispersion. In the cement paste, the sample that had priority mixing of Ca2+ ions with low grade SF followed by addition of PCE, water and cement (CS2, corresponding to SF2) was verified to have better fluidity than the control sample (CS0, corresponding to SF0) that was prepared by mixing PCE, water, SF and cement (including abundant Ca2+ ions). The hardened cement paste with pretreated SF had higher strength and more effective silica fume dispersion in the cement matrix.

A thermodynamic modeling approach for solubility product from struvite-k

Crystallization of struvite-k could be an economical and sustainable alternative for potassium and phosphorus recovery from wastewater and ashes of biomass combustion. Knowledge with regards to thermodynamics that are involved in the formation of struvite-k in reactor is key in determining the optimal conditions for an efficient process. However, less research work has been done on struvite-k solubility product. A thermodynamic model for struvite-k precipitation was in this study thus proposed to determine the struvite-k solubility product, as well as conversion rate for struvite-k and its accompanying crystal cattiite over a pH value range of 10.5–12.5. The model was based on numerical equilibrium prediction of involved system Mg-K-PO4-H2O. The model was presented by a set of nonlinear equations that were solved by an optimization strategy with a three-step method. The method consists of a preliminary search by Lagarias Simplex search method for initialization, Successive Quadratic Programming (SQP) for resolution of system, and extrapolating calculated data to zero ionic strength for determination of struvite-k solubility product. A pKstruvite-k value of 10.872 for struvite-k at 25 °C was obtained in the model. This novel model will provide a theoretical reference for recovery of potassium and phosphate, as well as its possible application in magnesium potassium phosphate cement (MKPC).

Controlled and sustained drug release performance of calcium sulfate cement porous TiO2 microsphere composites.

BackgroundCalcium sulphate cement (CSC) is widely used as an osteoconductive biomaterial in bone repair and regeneration.PurposeIn this study, porous TiO2 microspheres were added to CSC to achieve a controlled and sustained drug (gentamicin) release.MethodsScanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area analysis were conducted to analyse the morphology, phase composition, and surface area of the TiO2 micro-spheres and composite cements. In addition, the injection time, compressive strength, degradation behaviour, and antibacterial ability of the composite cements were examined during in vitro degradation. Gentamicin release profile was recorded using an ultraviolet spectrophotometer.ResultsThe results revealed the excellent drug loading ability of the TiO2 microspheres. The addition of TiO2 microspheres improved the injectability and compressive strength of the composite cements, the maximum value of which was achieved at a TiO2 loading of 5 wt.%. When immersed in simulated body fluid (SBF), the composite cements doped with TiO2 microspheres were observed to release gentamicin in a stable and sustained manner, especially in the latter stages of in vitro degradation. During degradation, CSC doped with TiO2 microspheres exhibited a typical apatite-like behaviour. Further, antibacterial analysis showed that CSC doped with TiO2 microspheres exhibited long-term antibiotic activity.ConclusionThus, as an effective sustained-release formulation material, TiO2 microspheres show a great potential for application in bone cements.

Repair effect of magnesium phosphate cement and carbon fiber cloth on concrete structure

Magnesium phosphate cement (MKPC) is a useful by product from the extraction of lithium from salt lake brine (MS) and potassium dihydrogen phosphate(KH2PO4). The effects of roasting temperature, ratio, water-cement ratio and fly ash on the performance of magnesium phosphate cement were studied. The application of potassium magnesium phosphate cement in concrete repair and reinforcement in combination with carbon fiber cloth as a concrete reinforcement were also studied. Experimental results show that when the calcination temperature is at 1100°C, the calcination time is 1 hour, & when the mass ratio of magnesium oxide to potassium dihydrogen phosphate is 2:1, water-cement ratio is 0.2, and fly ash is 30%, the carbon fiber cloth improves the concrete beam’s load carrying capacity, flexural strength, as well as delay the appearance of concrete cracks and extension.

Vertebral Body Lavage Reduces Hemodynamic Response to Vertebral Body Augmentation With PMMA.

Study Design:Retrospective comparative study.Objectives:To assess the effect of vertebral body lavage (VBL) on (1) systemic blood pressure, (2) heart rate, and (3) oxygen saturation following cement augmentation procedures for acute vertebral compression fractures (VCFs).Methods:A total of 145 consecutive patients undergoing cement augmentation for acute VCF (mean age 74 ± 12 years, age range 42-96 years; 70% female; 475 levels treated) were allocated to the “lavage group” (n = 61 patients; VBL prior to cement application) and to the “control group” (n = 84 patients, no VBL). Mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), heart rate, and oxygen saturation were monitored immediately prior and 3 minutes after cement injection. Logistic regression analysis was performed with ΔMAP ≥10 mm Hg before and after cement injection as the dependent outcome variable and demographic, radiographic, and procedural factors as independent variables.Results:MAP decreased by mean 3 ± 7.3 mm Hg before and after cement injection in the “lavage group” and 9 ± 10.5 mmHg in the control group (P < .001). There were no significant differences in terms of heart rate and oxygen saturation before and after cement application within each group, or between the 2 groups. Multivariate logistic regression analyses revealed VBL as an independent factor influencing MAP (adjusted odds ratio: 3.49 [confidence interval, 1.16-10.50], P = .03).Conclusion:VBL prior to cement augmentation procedures reduces the hemodynamic response, most likely resulting from decreased amounts of bone marrow substance displaced into the circulation thereby decreasing the risk of pulmonary fat embolism syndrome.

Development of reactive MgO-based Engineered Cementitious Composite (ECC) through accelerated carbonation curing

The use of reactive magnesium oxide (MgO) is widely recognized in carbonated concrete formulations associated with permanent sequestration of CO2. Engineered Cementitious Composite (ECC) is an advanced fiber reinforced cement-based composite with high tensile ductility and intrinsically tight crack width. In this paper, we investigate an alternative binary binding system for ECC: reactive MgO and fly ash cured with an accelerated carbonation process. Compressive strength, density, carbonation depth, tensile performance and crack pattern of the carbonated reactive MgO-based ECC were investigated at various curing ages. In addition, the CO2 uptake and materials sustainability, in terms of energy consumption, net CO2 emission and cost of the newly developed ECC were assessed. The objective of this research is to further advance the application of reactive MgO and utilization of CO2 in the construction industry through novel ECC material. It was observed that carbonation curing densifies the binding system, thus leading to an increase in both compressive and first cracking tensile strengths of ECC. The tensile strain capacity of the carbonated reactive MgO-based ECC achieved up to 6% with an average crack width below 60 μm after 1-day carbonation. Compared to conventional ECC (M45) and concrete, the 1-day carbonated reactive MgO-based ECC could reduce the net CO2 emission by 65% and 45%, respectively. It is concluded that environmental and technical benefits could be simultaneously achieved for the 1-day carbonated reactive MgO-based ECC incorporated with 50% fly ash. The findings of this research shed light on further applications of reactive MgO cement in the precast industry.

Influence of sulfuric and hydrochloric acid on the resistance of geopolymer cement with nano-silica additive for oil well cement application

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the resistivity of geopolymer cement with nano-silica additive toward acid exposure for oil well cement application.Design/methodology/approachAn experimental study was conducted to assess the acid resistance of fly ash-based geopolymer cement with nano-silica additive at a concentration of 0 and 1 wt.% to understand its effect on the strength and microstructural development. Geopolymer cement of Class C fly ash and API Class G cement were used. The alkaline activator was prepared by mixing the proportion of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solutions of 8 M and sodium silicate (Na2SiO3) using ratio of 1:2.5 by weight. After casting, the specimens were subjected to elevated curing condition at 3,500 psi and 130°C for 24 h. Durability of cement samples was assessed by immersing them in 15 wt.% of hydrochloric acid and 15 wt.% sulfuric acid for a period of 14 days. Evaluation of its resistance in terms of compressive strength and microstructural behavior were carried out by using ELE ADR 3000 and SEM, respectively.FindingsThe paper shows that geopolymer cement with 1 wt.% addition of nano-silica were highly resistant to sulfuric and hydrochloric acid. The strength increase was contributed by the densification of the microstructure with the addition of nano-silica.Originality/valueThis paper investigates the mechanical property and microstructure behavior of emerging geopolymer cement due to hydrochloric and sulfuric acids exposure. The results provide potential application of fly ash-based geopolymer cement as oil well cementing.

New Technology of Hardening of Chromium-Nickel Steel Parts

The structure and properties of the cemented products from steel 20H2N4A strengthened according to different schemes of chemical heat treatment is investigated. The reason of low static and cyclic firmness of parts is established. The new technology of hardening of parts which is based on application of low-temperature cementation is developed and offered. For a steel saturation process of intensification with carbon it is recommended to increase the content of hydrogen to 40% in the endoatmosphere and to enter a small amount of ammonia into the saturating atmosphere of the furnace.

Characterization of polyurethane-based synthetic vertebrae for spinal cement augmentation training

Vertebral augmentation techniques are used to stabilize impacted vertebrae. To minimize intraoperative risks, a solid education of surgeons is desirable. Thus, to improve education of surgeons as well as patient safety, the development of a high-fidelity simulator for the surgical training of cement augmentation techniques was initiated. The integrated synthetic vertebrae should be able to provide realistic haptics during all procedural steps. Synthetic vertebrae were developed, tested and validated with reference to human vertebrae. As a further reference, commercially available vertebrae surrogates for orthopedic testing were investigated. To validate the new synthetic vertebrae, characteristic mechanical parameters for tool insertion, balloon dilation pressure and volume were analyzed. Fluoroscopy images were taken to evaluate the bone cement distribution. Based on the measurement results, one type of synthetic vertebrae was able to reflect the characteristic parameters in comparison to human vertebrae. The different tool insertion forces (19.7 ± 4.1, 13.1 ± 0.9 N, 1.5 ± 0.2 N) of the human reference were reflected by one bone surrogate (11.9 ± 9.8, 24.3 ± 3.9 N, 2.4 ± 1.0 N, respectively). The balloon dilation pressure (13.0 ± 2.4 bar), volume (2.3 ± 1.5 ml) of the synthetic vertebrae were in good accordance with the human reference (10.7 ± 3.4 bar, 3.1 ± 1.1 ml). Cement application forces were also in good accordance whereas the cement distribution couldn’t be reproduced accurately. Synthetic vertebrae were developed that delivered authentic haptics during transpedicular instrument insertion, balloon tamp dilation and bone cement application. The validated vertebra model will be used within a hybrid simulator for minimally invasive spine surgery to educate and train surgeons.