Cellulose Lacquers Research Articles

Varnish layer hardness, scratch resistance, and glossiness of various wood species as affected by heat treatment

The aim of the study was to determine the effects of different heat treatment and varnish application combinations on hardness, scratch resistance, and glossiness of wood materials sampled from limba (Terminalia superba), iroko (Chlorophora excelsa), ash (Fraxinus excelsior L.), and Anatolian chestnut (Castenea sativa Mill.) species. The heat treatment was applied at two levels (150 and 180 oC) for both 3 and 6 hour periods. After the heat treatment, four types of varnish (cellulose lacquer, synthetic varnish, polyurethane varnish, and water based varnish) were applied, and hardness, scratch resistance, and glossiness of varnish film layers of the treated woods were measured. The effects of heat treatment and varnish combination applications on above mentioned variables were analyzed according to the study design (factorial design with 4 (species) x 2 (heat) x 2(duration) x 4 (varnish) = 64 experimental units) with 10 samples for each combination of parameters. Glossiness increased on wood samples for all of the four wood species treated with cellulose lacquer and synthetic varnish and across all heating treatments. However, glossiness values were decreased for all the wood species depending on heating temperature and time. Values of hardness and scratch resistance were also decreased for all the four wood species across all the treatment combinations. The results were obtained from the upper surface of the application process and are thought to contribute to the national economy.

Photomicrographs of cellulose peels from the Mesozoic rocks of Dorset

Cellulose lacquer peels have been developed, as a simpler, cheaper and quicker alternative to thin sections, for the preparation of microscope slides. The slides have been used to make photomicrographs showing nannofossils, microfossils and other fine detail in some sedimentary rocks. By including staining of the rock surfaces, the composition of carbonate material and calcareous microfossils can be deduced. Where appropriate, the method allows many microscope slides to be prepared from single small samples of rock. Furthermore the amount of detail recorded can warrant numbers of photomicrographs being made from each slide. The technique is employed for exploratory work at some Dorset Mesozoic coastal sites. A selection of photomicrographs is presented and the characteristic features are discussed.

Some Properties of Sphere Paints

Photometric properties of sphere paints such as cellulose lacquer paints and carboxy-methyl-cellulose paints have been investigated. As the result, the following was made clear:(1) Even the same kinds of pigments have different values in reflection factor varying with different lots of their makers.(2) The hiding power of sphers painte seems to be lower at longer wavelengths than at shorter ones.(3) Diffusing characteristics of surfaces coated with sphere paints are influenced by particle sizes of the surfaces and these sizes depend on the process of coating. That is, these characteristics are not always inherent in the kinds of sphere paints.(4) The paint with MgO as a pigment is inferior to the others in durability for moisture. Spectral reflection factor of every sphere paint tested decreases much in the shorter wavelength region in an indoor exposure test.

Cellulose Lacquers - Corrosion Resistance of Painted Surfaces

Cellulose Lacquers - <i>Corrosion Resistance of Painted Surfaces</i>

Cellulose Lacquers - Rapid Method of Evaluating Check Resistance of Furniture Lacquer Films

Cellulose Lacquers - <i>Rapid Method of Evaluating Check Resistance of Furniture Lacquer Films</i>

Cellulose Lacquers - New Mechanism for Controlled-Temperature Application of Lacquers

Cellulose Lacquers - <i>New Mechanism for Controlled-Temperature Application of Lacquers</i>

Cellulose Lacquers - De-Icing Lacquer for Stationary Aircraft

Cellulose Lacquers - <i>De-Icing Lacquer for Stationary Aircraft</i>

Cellulose Lacquers - Polyfunctional Isocyanates and Titanium Organics as Cross-linking Agents for Cellulose Derivatives

Cellulose Lacquers - <i>Polyfunctional Isocyanates and Titanium Organics as Cross-linking Agents for Cellulose Derivatives</i>

Cellulose Lacquers - Stabilization of Ethylcellulose Against Photooxidation

Cellulose Lacquers - <i>Stabilization of Ethylcellulose Against Photooxidation</i>

Ion exchange in the atomic energy program. Instrumentation in chemical plants. Trends in design of cyclotrons and three other articles in the nuclear technology field. Recent developments in cellulose lacquers. Levulinic acid as a chemical raw material. Superfine plastic fibers. Continuous reduction of phthalic acid. COLUMNS: Equipment and Design, Instrumentation, Corrosion, Industrial Wastes, Materials Handling, beginning.

Ion exchange in the atomic energy program. Instrumentation in chemical plants. Trends in design of cyclotrons and three other articles in the nuclear technology field. Recent developments in cellulose lacquers. Levulinic acid as a chemical raw material. Superfine plastic fibers. Continuous reduction of phthalic acid. COLUMNS: Equipment and Design, Instrumentation, Corrosion, Industrial Wastes, Materials Handling, beginning.

A method for the preparation of thin films of plutonium and uranium

Fission counters and foils uniformly coated with plutonium and uranium are required for nuclear measurements. A technique is described in which the plutonium or uranium is dissolved in a cellulose lacquer. This lacquer is painted on to the foils and the fission counters are coated by dipping them into this solution.

(15)纎維素塗料の機械的性質に関する研究(第7報)顔料及び可塑剤が硬度に及ぼす影響について

(15)纎維素塗料の機械的性質に関する研究(第7報)顔料及び可塑剤が硬度に及ぼす影響について

Preparation and Uses of Silica Replicas in Electron Microscopy

A detailed description of the preparation of silica replicas and substrates and their many and varied uses is presented with photographs and electron micrographs. A method of preparing silica replicas of specimens which cannot be subjected to the temperatures and pressures of the ordinary technique is described. It consists of applying a polystyrene lacquer to the specimen surface in place of the conventional molding. The question of ``up and down'' in stereo pictures of silica replicas is definitely settled by adding a metal oxide smoke (MgO) to the polystyrene replica before the silica evaporation. A successful powder dispersing technique consists of dispersing the powder in an ethyl cellulose lacquer and depositing upon a silica substrate. Several other techniques are also included.

Research on the mechanical properties of the cellulose lacquer

Research on the mechanical properties of the cellulose lacquer

Industrial Poisons

THE delivery by Dr. Donald Hunter of the Croonian Lecture of the Royal College of Physicians for 1942 was prevented by the War: but it is now printed (Quart. J. Med., 12, 185; Oct. 1943). Remarking that the medical man of to-day must know something of the dangers of working in chemical, metallurgical, aircraft, munitions, ceramics, textile, cellulose lacquer and moulded plastics industries, Dr. Hunter points out that new materials for industry are frequently being discovered and used, and that their dangerous properties may not be realized until some workman loses his life or becomes severely ill. The medical man practising in an industrial area may have to deal with symptoms produced by substances which even the chemists may not fully understand. Such substances may attack the workman through his skin or lungs; some of them attack the liver, kidneys, blood or bone marrow. The toxicologist has to add to his medical equipment a considerable knowledge of chemistry and of the processes of various trades as well.

Studies on the Cellulose Lacquers (I) Formulation of the Mixed Solvents. for Airplane Dopes

Studies on the Cellulose Lacquers (I) Formulation of the Mixed Solvents. for Airplane Dopes

Studies on the Cellulose Lacquers (I) Formulation of the Mixed Solvents for Airplane Dopes

The composition of the mixed solvents for airplane dopes has been discussed relative to the blush resistance and tautening property:(1) It is reasonable to formulate the acetate dope with hydrophilic solvents which have a good solving power even when mixed with a great deal of water, but the blending of a proper amount of hydrophobic diluents such as benzene, toluene and hutanol etc. is very effective for the prevention of blushing.(2) By the nitrate dope hydrophobic solvents and diluents are beneficially used as practiced in the lacquer industry, but it must be remenbered that the good tautening effect can only be obtained by blending a maximum amount of diluents at the sacrifice of the increase in viscosity.

Chemistry

THE term ‘organic solvent’ has acquired an altogether new meaning during the past year or so in connexion with the various sections of the plastic industry, particularly cellulose lacquer and artificial silk. The older solvents like acetone have been manufactured by new methods in much greater quantities and at much lower prices; newer solvents are being made and applied to industry all the time, so that, as is often said, what were last year's laboratory curiosities are this year sold in tank waggons. Progress in the new field on the manufacturing side has been largely due to the use of processes involving catalysts, which have led to new syntheses from simple raw materials such as alcohol. Solvents. By Dr. Thos. H. Durrans. (Monographs on Applied Chemistry, Vol. 4.) Second and revised edition. Pp. xv + 180. (London: Chapman and Hall, Ltd., 1931.) 10s. 6d. net.marks.

Book Reviews

THE, cellulose lacquer industry is one of great importance, and the manufacture and applications of these materials are advancing at a rapid rate. The present manual is written from the practical point of view. The style is often rather discursive, and although the author remarks that he will avoid technical terms so far as possible, this is no reason why he should not spell correctly those which he uses; ‘phthallate’ occurs several times. The account covers the whole subject, including raw materials, formulae, plant, pigments, methods of application, and the industrial applications. The book is well printed and illustrated, and it will be found useful to those actually engaged in the industry.

Cellulose Lacquers

Journal of the Society of Dyers and ColouristsVolume 44, Issue 4 p. 106-109 Cellulose Lacquers Stanley Smith, Stanley SmithSearch for more papers by this author Stanley Smith, Stanley SmithSearch for more papers by this author First published: April 1928 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1478-4408.1928.tb01491.xCitations: 1AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume44, Issue4April 1928Pages 106-109 RelatedInformation