Cellulose-decomposing Bacteria Research Articles

Micro-organisms in the rhizosphere of plants inoculated withAzotobacter chroococcum

The hypothesis that inoculation withAzotobacter chroococcum affects the growth of plants indirectly through changing the rhizosphere microflora was investigated. Inoculated and uninoculated wheat and tomato plants were grown in the glasshouse in two different soils, and total bacteria, chitinolytic bacteria, actinomycetes, glucosefermenting bacteria, aerobic cellulose-decomposing bacteria, and anaerobes were determined in intervals in the rhizosphere and in the soil. Root-surface fungi were studied using the Harley and Waid's root-washing technique10. Azotobacter became established in the rhizosphere of wheat and tomato plants and stimulated their growth. All the bacterial groups examined were more abundant in the rhizosphere than in the soil. Inoculation with Azotobacter delayed the colonization of roots by bacteria, actinomycetes, and fungi in the rhizosphere, but had no effect on other organisms. Inoculation did not affect the dominant root-surface fungi, and minor changes were not consistent.

The isolation of anaerobic cellulose-decomposing bacteria from soil.

SUMMARY: A strictly anaerobic mesophilic species of cellulose-decomposing bacteria was isolated from soil by a new technique. Cultures were made in screw-capped bottles with media containing finely divided cellulose. The method and apparatus used for filling these bottles with reduced media and nitrogen is described. Flocculation of cellulose particles in agar media was prevented by incorporating a low concentration of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose. Cellulolytic colonies in cellulose agar media were of two types, punctiform and spreading. The isolate derived from a punctiform colony digested cellulose with the formation of formic, acetic and malic acids, carbon dioxide and hydrogen. Essential growth factors were provided by yeast and soil extracts. Surface colonies on yeast peptone cellobiose agar were differentiated into convex entire central zones and thin transparent irregular margins. In deep culture with the same medium the isolate grew either as discrete lenticular colonies or spread rapidly throughout the agar. These growth forms were unstable, the type appearing in any one culture being unpredictable. In many respects the isolate resembles Clostridium cellobioparum Hungate, and is probably a strain of this species. It differs from C. cellobioparum, however, in producing little or no cellobiose but abundant glucose from cellulose in liquid culture.

Studies on the cellulose-decomposing bacteria found parasitic in the alimentary canal in ruminants and other animals : Ⅱ. On the isolation of the bacteria by the use of galactose-fuchsin agar and Omeliansky agar

Studies on the cellulose-decomposing bacteria found parasitic in the alimentary canal in ruminants and other animals : Ⅱ. On the isolation of the bacteria by the use of galactose-fuchsin agar and Omeliansky agar

動物消化管内繊維素分解菌に関する研究

動物消化管内繊維素分解菌に関する研究

動物消化管内纎維分解菌に関する研究

To get a pure culture of the cellulose-decomposing bacteria, there has been devised 1% agar plate composed of K2HPO4(1.0g), CaCO3(2.0g), MgSO5(0.5g), (NH4)2SO4(1.0g), NaCl(trace), distilled water (1000cc), and agar (1.0g). In this method, cellulose is not used, but the cellulose-decomposing bacteria and the other bacteria form colonies. In dilute methodpure culture is obtained. When inoculated on cellulose, these cellulose-decomposing bacteria, which are obtained by this method, do not diminish their activity, In this agar plate, the mesophilic cellulose-decomposing bacteria and also the thermophilic cellulose-decomposing bacteria are cultured, but the latter is rarely seen. On this point fnrther investigation will be continued. It has been found in the first experiment that by using the specific agar after culturing in OMELIANSKY medium, a pure culture of the cellulose-decomposing bacteria were obtained in a compatively short time. Shortening of the isolation stadium, is due to the apply of the specific agar, but not the apply of OMELIANSKY medium. It takes about 30-50 days to get a pure culture, but if OMELIANSKY stadium will be shortened, the isolation will become more easy. For this purpose, it has been explained in the second experiment that carbohydrate is a good stimulus to cellulose-decomposition. Especially pentose group and some of hexose group are found excellent.

動物消化管内纎維素分解菌に関する研究

To get a pure culture of the cellulose-decomposing bacteria, there has been devised 1% agar plate composed of K2HPO4(1.0g), CaCO3(2.0g), MgSO5(0.5g), (NH4)2SO4(1.0g), NaCl(trace), distilled water (1000cc), and agar (1.0g). In this method, cellulose is not used, but the cellulose-decomposing bacteria and the other bacteria form colonies. In dilute methodpure culture is obtained. When inoculated on cellulose, these cellulose-decomposing bacteria, which are obtained by this method, do not diminish their activity, In this agar plate, the mesophilic cellulose-decomposing bacteria and also the thermophilic cellulose-decomposing bacteria are cultured, but the latter is rarely seen. On this point fnrther investigation will be continued. It has been found in the first experiment that by using the specific agar after culturing in OMELIANSKY medium, a pure culture of the cellulose-decomposing bacteria were obtained in a compatively short time. Shortening of the isolation stadium, is due to the apply of the specific agar, but not the apply of OMELIANSKY medium. It takes about 30-50 days to get a pure culture, but if OMELIANSKY stadium will be shortened, the isolation will become more easy. For this purpose, it has been explained in the second experiment that carbohydrate is a good stimulus to cellulose-decomposition. Especially pentose group and some of hexose group are found excellent.

網糸の腐蝕に関する微生物学的研究-V

The present study is concerned with the taxonomy of marine cellulose-decomposing bacteria belonging to genus Cytophaga. A large number of crude cultures of marine cellulose-decomposing Cytophaga obtained from sea water, bottom mud, or fishing nets submerged in Maizuru Bay, were parely isolated by plating procedure. These isolated bacteria were differentiated to two species and one variety after detailed taxonomical studies. Of these, one species and one variety did not appear to have been described previously, the names Cytophaga rosea nov. sp. and Cytophaga haloflava var. nonreductans nov. var. were proposed. The remaining one species was Cytophaga haloflava which have already been described by the author in part III. Characteristics of Cytophaga rosea nov. sp. and Cytophaga haloflava nonredvctans nov. var. were described. By use of the primary characters listed, a new key to all known species of genus Cytophaga has been constructed.

Purification and cellulolytic activity of cellvibrio.

IN recent years, several workers have paid a great deal of attention to the purification and the cellulolytic activity of aerobic cellulose-decomposing bacteria, especially Cytophaga and Cellvibrio. Isolations have generally been carried out by direct plating of soil suspensions on precipitated cellulose agar, and by enrichment cultures on silica-gel filter paper or on filter paper partly immersed in a liquid mineral medium. With the former method, most of the dishes are invaded by moulds and generally the formation of lytic zones is not very obvious.

網糸の腐蝕に関する微生物学的研究-III

The microbiological deterioration of fishing nets during storage was preliminarily studied. 1) After periods of from three to six months' storage under dry conditions, textile fibres of fishing nets were found to be covered with a large number of survived cells of aerobic cellulose-decomposing bacteria of marine origin. These findings suggest an important role played by marine cellulose-decomposing bacteria in deterioration of textile fibres during storage. 2) Fourteen strains of marine aerobic cellulose-decomposing bacteria were purely isolated from the fishing nets which had been stored, under dry conditions, for three months after fishing. These isolated bacteria were classified into a new species of myxobacteria, viz., Cytophaga haloflava after detailed taxonomical studies.

網系の腐蝕に関する微生物学的研究-II

The mode of cellulose-degradation by the marine a robic cellulose-decomposing bacteria (Vibrio purpureus, Vibrio purpureus var. albus and Cellvibrio flavescens var. marinus) was studied by observing the changes in weight, copper number and index (R) of residtuai cellulose. The results obtained indicate that there are distinct differences among the modes of cellulose-decomposition by the organisms employed. It is thought that the mode of attack of cellulose by Vibrio purpureus and Vibrio purpureus var. albus is “weathering” type and that of Cellvibrio flavescens var. marinus “liquefying” type.

Studies on the cellulose-decomposing bacteria found parasitic in the alimentary canal in ruminants and other animals :Ⅰ. On the isolation of the bacteria

Studies on the cellulose-decomposing bacteria found parasitic in the alimentary canal in ruminants and other animals :Ⅰ. On the isolation of the bacteria

Cellulose-decomposing bacteria from the rumen of cattle

Cellulose-decomposing bacteria from the rumen of cattle

Association between Nitrogen-fixing and Cellulose-decomposing Microorganisms

IT is a well-known fact that by the combined action of cellulose-decomposing and nitrogen-fixing bacteria in crude culture, elementary nitrogen may be fixed in quantities of as much as 10–12 mgm. per gm. of decomposed cellulose. So far, only Vartiovaara1 seems to have given indisputable proof of nitrogen-fixation in combined cultures of one nitrogen-fixing and one cellulose-decomposing organism (Azotobacter; Clostridium pasteurianum, cellulose-decomposing fungi).

The Microbiology of Farmyard Manure Decomposition in Soil II. Decomposition of Cellulose

1. Addition of farmyard manure to soil gives rise, in laboratory experiments, to an abundant development of cellulose-decomposing bacteria of the genusVibrioin approximately neutral soils (pH 6.5–7.0). In faintly acid soils (pH 5.7–6.2) these organisms develop less abundantly, and are partly replaced bySpirochaeta cytophaga. At lowerpH values only the fungi are active in the decomposition of cellulose. Similar results were obtained by adding filter-paper or straw to soils of different reactions. Of the fungi, Trichoderma and Penicillium appear more active in acid soil, whereas other forms, among othersMycogone nigra, Stachybotryssp.,Coccospora agricola (?), and Botryosporiumsp. seemed prominent in neutral soil.2. The vibrios, of which four strains were studied in pure culture, are very sensitive to acidity. They fail to develop in thepH interval 6.0–6.4, and have an optimum atp7.1–7.6.Spirochaeta cytophagaappears to be slightly more resistant to acidity, being able to grow atpH 5.6–6.0.3. The bacteria as well as the fungi are capable of decomposing the lignified cellulose of straw.