Cellular Links Research Articles

Sirtuin-3-Mediated Cellular Metabolism Links Cardiovascular Remodeling with Hypertension.

Hypertension can cause structural and functional abnormalities in the cardiovascular system, which can be attributed to both hemodynamic and nonhemodynamic factors. These alterations are linked with metabolic changes and are induced by pathological stressors. Sirtuins are enzymes that act as stress sensors and regulate metabolic adaptation by deacetylating proteins. Among them, mitochondrial SIRT3 performs a crucial role in maintaining metabolic homeostasis. Evidence from experimental and clinical studies has shown that hypertension-induced decreases in SIRT3 activity can lead to cellular metabolism reprogramming and, subsequently, increased susceptibility to endothelial dysfunction, myocardial hypertrophy, myocardial fibrosis, and heart failure. This review presents recent research advances in SIRT3-mediated metabolic adaptation in hypertensive cardiovascular remodeling.

THE IMPACT OF SURGICAL SITE INFECTION IN HEAD AND NECK CANCER RECURRENCE (HNSCC).

Background: Surgical site infection (SSI) following head and neck oncological surgery is a well known complication and has been debated to be associated with cancer recurrence. Currently, there is no recent literature discussing association of SSI and HNSCC recurrence. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between SSI and HNSCC. A retrospec Methods: tive review of 289 patients with HNSCC at our institution between 2018 and 2021. Patients were included if they underwent Primary resection for HNSCC. Data collected included age, sex, primary site, type of surgery and reconstruction, previous treatments, postoperative complications (SSI and reconstructive), Adjuvant treatment and Recurrence. The mean age was 51 years (31-77). 63 patients(21.8%) developed SSI. Recurrent dise Results: ase developed in 51 patients (17.6%). The recurrence rate in patients with SSI was 23.8% (15 patients) while patients without SSI had a recurrence rate of 15 .9 % (36 patients). Conclusion: There is association between SSI and adverse cancer outcome, but the cellular link between them remains elusive. SSI may also lead to delays in necessary post op radiation , which can result in an increased of cancer recurrence. A standardized prospective study with appropriate statistical power is justied

Microanatomy and Ultrastructure of the Mesonephros of Cyprinids Inhabiting the Territory of Kazakhstan

The ultrastructure of three species of cyprinids inhabiting the territory of Kazakhstan has been studied. It is shown that the microanatomy of the trunk bud of the Kushakevich char Iskandaria kuschakewitschi, the common marinka Schizothorax intermedius and the Tibetan char Noemacheilus stoliczkai has a common body plan with freshwater cyprinids. Larger area of nephrogenic tissue, greater number of mitochondria on sections of proximal tubules and leukocyte sections, three types of vesicles in cells with radially arranged vesicles, larger diameter of distal tubules, diversity of mitochondria of epitheliocytes of distal tubules of the studied species, compared with previously studied representatives of carp reservoirs of the Upper Volga, testify to the adaptive ability of the cellular structures of the mesonephros to maintain water-salt homeostasis, as well as the functioning of the cellular link of immunity in the life of the rivers of Kazakhstan with a seasonal increase in water temperature up to 27°C. The diversity of the ultrastructure of granules of neutrophils and eosinophils depends on the stage of the life cycle and the characteristics of the functional activity of cells.

Inborn Error of STAT2-Dependent IFN-I Immunity in a Patient Presented with Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis and Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children.

Human inborn errors of immunity (IEI) affecting the type I interferon (IFN-I) induction pathway have been associated with predisposition to severe viral infections. Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a life-threatening systemic hyperinflammatory syndrome that has been increasingly associated with inborn errors of IFN-I-mediated innate immunity. Here is reported a novel case of complete deficiency of STAT2 in a 3-year-old child that presented with typical features of HLH after mumps, measles, and rubella vaccination at the age of 12months. Due to the life-threatening risk of viral infection, she received SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination. Unfortunately, she developed multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) after SARS-CoV-2 infection, 4months after the last dose. Functional studies showed an impaired IFN-I-induced response and a defective IFNα expression at later stages of STAT2 pathway induction. These results suggest a possible more complex mechanism for hyperinflammatory reactions in this type of patients involving a possible defect in the IFN-I production. Understanding the cellular and molecular links between IFN-I-induced signaling and hyperinflammatory syndromes can be critical for the diagnosis and tailored management of these patients with predisposition to severe viral infection.

Dynamics of changes in immunological parameters in adults with COVID-19

Aim. To evaluate the immune response in patients with COVID-19 and to track the dynamics of changes in immunological parameters 2-3 weeks after the onset of the disease. Materials and methods. The study included the results of a survey of 55 people aged 19 to 55 years with a new coronavirus infection (NCVI, COVID-19) in 2020. 27 of them were re-examined. The first sample (n=55) was taken on average 4.3 ± 0.49 days from the onset of the disease, the second (n=27) – 12.7 ± 1.12 days. The control group consisted of practically healthy individuals (n=41). The following indicators were determined in all patients: the presence of SARSCoV-2 RNA, the parameters of the general blood test, the main subpopulations of lymphocytes, the level of total immunoglobulins (IgM, IgG, IgA), the number of CEC, the absorption and bactericidal activity of leukocytes, the level of specific IgM and IgG to SARS-CoV-2. Results. At the onset of the disease, a statistically significant decrease in the level of lymphocytes (p<0.001) and their subpopulations (TNK cells (p<0.001), T-helper lymphocytes (<0.001), cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (p<0.001), NK cells (<0.001) and T-lymphocytes (<0.001)). At the same time, the level of activated T-lymphocytes was statistically significantly higher (p<0.001) than the same indicator in the control group. When analyzing immunological parameters after 12.7±1.12 days, an increase in the total number of lymphocytes (p<0.001), T-lymphocytes (p=0.003), T-helper cells (p=0.015) was found; an increased content of activated T-lymphocytes (p<0.001) and a low level of TNK cells (p<0.001). The indicators of the phagocytic link in patients with COVID-19 in the first days of the disease were within the reference range (similar indicators in the control group). Repeated examination of patients (sample 2) showed an increase in the phagocytic activity of leukocytes and monocytes (p<0.003 and p<0.09, respectively). At the beginning of the disease, already on the 4th-5th day of the disease, specific IgM and IgG antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 were detected in the blood serum of patients, by the second week of the disease their level was significantly higher than in the first study (p<0.009). Conclusion. At the onset of the disease, insufficiency of the cellular link of immunity was noted, which is probably as sociated with a violation of immunoregulatory mechanisms. At the same time, an increase in the level of activated T-lymphocytes indicates an overactivation of immune reactions, i.e. it can be said that there is an imbalance in the immune response in COVID-19.

Content-aware QoE optimization in MEC-assisted Mobile video streaming

The traditional client-based HTTP adaptation strategies do not explicitly coordinate between the clients, servers, and cellular networks. A lack of coordination leads to suboptimal user experience. In addition to optimizing Quality of Experience (QoE), other challenges in adapting HTTP adaptive streaming (HAS) to the cellular environment are overcoming unfair allocation of the video rate and inefficient utilization of the bandwidth under the high-dynamics cellular links. Furthermore, the majority of the adaptive strategies ignore important video content characteristics and HAS client information, such as segment duration, buffer size, and video duration, in the video quality selection process. In this paper, we present a content-aware hybrid multi-access edge computing (MEC)-assisted quality adaptation algorithm by taking advantage of the capabilities of edge cloud computing. The proposed algorithm exploits video content characteristics, HAS client settings, and application-layer information to jointly adapt the bitrates of multiple clients. We design separate strategies to optimize the performance of short and long duration videos. We then demonstrate the efficiency of our algorithm against client-based solutions as well as MEC-assisted algorithms. The proposed algorithm guarantees high QoE, equitably selects video rates for clients, and efficiently utilizes the bandwidth for both short and long duration videos. The results from our extensive experiments reveal that the proposed long video adaptation algorithm outperforms state-of-the-art algorithms, with improvements in average video rate, QoE, fairness, and bandwidth utilization of 0.4%–12.3%, 8%–65%, 3.3%–5.7%, and 60%–130%, respectively. Furthermore, when high bandwidth is available to competing clients, the proposed short video adaptation algorithm improves QoE by 11.1% compared to the long video adaptation algorithm.

MP14-19 ALTERATIONS OF INSULIN SIGNALING AND TUMOR BIOLOGY IN UROTHELIAL CARCINOMA OF DIABETIC AND NON-DIABETIC PATIENTS

You have accessJournal of UrologyCME1 Apr 2023MP14-19 ALTERATIONS OF INSULIN SIGNALING AND TUMOR BIOLOGY IN UROTHELIAL CARCINOMA OF DIABETIC AND NON-DIABETIC PATIENTS Simon Walz, Martin Heni, Carmen Wandel, Sven Walter, Marcus Scharpf, Arnulf Stenzl, Lisanne Exner, Jörg Hennenlotter, and Steffen Rausch Simon WalzSimon Walz More articles by this author , Martin HeniMartin Heni More articles by this author , Carmen WandelCarmen Wandel More articles by this author , Sven WalterSven Walter More articles by this author , Marcus ScharpfMarcus Scharpf More articles by this author , Arnulf StenzlArnulf Stenzl More articles by this author , Lisanne ExnerLisanne Exner More articles by this author , Jörg HennenlotterJörg Hennenlotter More articles by this author , and Steffen RauschSteffen Rausch More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1097/JU.0000000000003234.19AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail Abstract INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: Differential insulin receptor (IR) expression and altered ratios of IR substrate (IRS) isoforms 1 and 2 in malignant tissues suggest a potential involvement of this cascade in urothelial cancer (UC) tumor biology and pathogenesis. Patients suffering from diabetes mellitus (DM) show an increased risk of developing UC and present with impaired prognosis. As the cellular link in pathogenesis is still unclear for UC and DM, we investigated IRß, IRS1, 2 and their ratio (%IRS1/2) in muscle-invasive UC compared to normal urothelial tissue and their influence on the pro-oncogenic PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling pathway. METHODS: In 103 muscle-invasive UC patients (n=31 pT2, n=72 >pT2; n=25 G2, n=78 >G2; n=23 DM) after radical cystectomy, tumor tissue was constructed to a tissue microarray and protein expression levels of IRß and of IRS1, 2 were evaluated by immunohistochemistry and scored. Subsequently, expression results of these cascade proteins including their ratios were compared to expression levels of protein kinase B (AKT), each in the cytoplasm (CP) and nuclear (Nuc) compartment of UC and benign urothelium (n=42), respectively. RESULTS: All variables IRß, %IRS1/2-CP as well as -Nuc showed significantly lower expression levels in UC, with strongly decreased IRS1 expression (all p<0.02). UC tissue from patients with DM showed significantly lower IRS2-Nuc expressions (<0.03). Expression of IRß, IRS1,2-CP as well as -Nuc correlated with AKT in univariate analysis (all <0.0001). In multivariate analysis, IRß, IRS1-CP and IRS2-Nuc remained independently associated with AKT signaling. DM hereby modifies the relationship between IRS1-CP and AKT in UC: In patients suffering from DM, their linear association is less pronounced (m=0.01) as compared to UC patients without DM (m=0.003, interaction term p=0.039). CONCLUSIONS: The study shows significant alterations of insulin signaling in UC. The interactions of the IR cascade and protein kinase B appear individually associated with DM-associated metabolic alterations which may confer to distinct UC biology. Source of Funding: Funded by the Eberhard-Karls-University of Tuebingen and the University Hospital Tuebingen © 2023 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 209Issue Supplement 4April 2023Page: e190 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2023 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Simon Walz More articles by this author Martin Heni More articles by this author Carmen Wandel More articles by this author Sven Walter More articles by this author Marcus Scharpf More articles by this author Arnulf Stenzl More articles by this author Lisanne Exner More articles by this author Jörg Hennenlotter More articles by this author Steffen Rausch More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...

Structure of Needle Mesophyll in the Genus &lt;i&gt;Larix&lt;/i&gt; Species (Pinaceae)

The structure of needle mesophyll and the forms of assimilative cells in the genus Larix species are discussed on the example of L. gmelini var. gmelini, L. decidua, L. kaempferi and L. sibirica. Needle samples were fixed in the Gammalund’s mixture. The study of the mesophyll was carried out on transverse, paradermal and radial sections of the middle part of the needles using a light microscope. To clarify the shape of chlorenchyma cells, macerated preparations were used. It is shown that the needle mesophyll in Larix species mainly consists of large cells of complex shape, which touch their convex parts or ends to form a well-developed system of intercellular spaces, which may comtribute to intense gas exchange. Different variants of flat folded, flat cellular and more complicated folded-cellular assimilative cells are described. The flat folded cells are characterized by a variety of lobed configurations on transverse sections and elongated oval projections on radial sections. The flat cellular cells are found on needle longitudinal sections of and consist of cellular links facing both perpendicular (cellular cells of the first group) and parallel (cellular cells of the second group) to the leaf surface. The folded-cellular cells combine transverse folded contours and longitudinal cellular outlines. In the needle mesophyll of the studied Larix species, weak differentiation into palisade and spongy parenchyma is observed; the cells of the middle part (median cells) are additionally distinguished between them. The palisade tissue is formed mainly by cellular cells of the first group, the spongy tissue by cellular cells of the second group. The median cells are located on both sides of the vascular bundle along a large needle radius; they can be either flat and slightly folded, or folded-cellular. The studied Larix species are similar in th esize of assimilative cells and the structure of the needle mesophyll; the main differences between them are related to the features of cell dissection both in transverse and longitudinal directions.

CHARACTERISTICS OF THE IMMUNE STATUS IN PATIENTS WITH DECOMPENSATION OF LIVER CIRRHOSIS

Liver cirrhosis continues to be an acute problem of modern medicine due to the high rates of its prevalence and mortality. The high mortality rate is caused by the development of the number of life–threatening complications in decompensated forms of liver cirrhosis – hepatorenal syndrome, infections and varicose bleeding. Hepatorenal syndrome and infections are the result of immunological shifts occurring during decompensation of liver cirrhosis. Currently available literature data do not allow us to create a complete picture of the functional state of various links of adaptive immunity with decompensated liver cirrhosis. The aim of the research was to study the characteristic features of adaptive immunity in patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis. Material and methods. The prospective cohort study included 136 patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis, who received inpatient treatment in the hepatological department of the multidisciplinary hospital. The cohort of examined patients was divided into two groups, one of which included patients with liver cirrhosis of viral origin (n = 78), the other – patients with alcoholic liver cirrhosis (n = 58). In addition to the generally accepted standard methods, the patient examination program included immunological tests: identification of T- and B-lymphocytes, immunoregulatory and activated subpopulations of T-lymphocytes by the method of immunophenotyping peripheral blood mononuclear cells using monoclonal antibodies. The serum levels of immunoglobulins IgM, IgG, IgA, circulating immune complexes were determined by immunoturbidimetric method. Results. The study of indicators of the humoral link of adaptive immunity revealed an increase in the number of B cells, an increase in IgM, IgG, IgA and circulating immune complexes in patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis. The cellular link of adaptive immunity was characterized by an increase in the relative content of T helper cells, activated T cells against the background of a decrease in the number of immature T cells and T regulatory cells. Conclusions. The distinctive features of adaptive immunity in patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis are simultaneous activation of both humoral and cellular components, which, apparently, supports the systemic inflammatory process and the associated progressive liver fibrosis.

The state of the cellular link of innate immunity in men depending on type and amount of alcohol consumed

The aim. Study of the state of the cellular link of nonspecific immunity depending on the type and amount of alcohol consumed.&#x0D; Materials and methods. 110 men between the ages of 20 and 55 were examined, who were divided into 3 groups. The first (control) group consisted of 17 fertile men who do not drink alcoholic beverages. The second group (comparison) consisted of 27 patients who use, but do not abuse, all types of alcoholic beverages (1-2 doses of alcohol approximately once every 1-3 months). The third group consisted of 66 patients who abuse alcoholic beverages (6 or more units of alcohol at a time or 22 or more doses per week). Depending on the type of alcohol, this group was divided into 3 subgroups: 3a subgroup – 13 patients who abuse strong alcoholic beverages; 3b - 27 patients who abuse beer and 3c group - 26 patients who abuse beer and strong alcoholic beverages. All men underwent a survey to assess alcohol consumption during the past year, as well as an assessment of the phagocytic activity of the neutrophilic and monocyte units of the immune system with the calculation of the degree of immune system disorders.&#x0D; The results of the conducted studies showed that incomplete phagocytosis of neutrophilic and monocyte links was observed in all studied groups with preservation of the functional-metabolic reserve in groups 2 and 3a and its depletion in groups 3b and 3c. The most immunologically compromised were groups 3b and 3c, in which 1-2 degree deficiency was observed, which perhaps reflects the negative effect of beer itself on the cellular factors of innate immunity.&#x0D; Conclusion. Consumption of both strong alcoholic beverages and beer causes suppression of the phagocytic activity of neutrophils and stimulation of the absorption capacity of monocytes, which is manifested by ineffective phagocytosis. With the consumption of strong alcoholic beverages, preservation of the functional and metabolic reserve of neutrophils is observed, and with the consumption of beer and mixed alcoholic beverages, its deficiency is observed.

The restorative effect of immunoglobulin G on indicators of cellular immunity in patients with co-infection drug-resistant tuberculosis/HIV with a CD4 lymphocyte cоunt from 200 to 50 cells/μL

Objective — to study the restorative effect of immunoglobulin G (IgG) in patients on indicators of cellular immunity in patients with drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB)/HIV co-infection at the level of CD4+ lymphocytes from 200 to 50 cells/μL. Materials and methods. The study involved 52 patients aged 20 to 55 years, the average age was (37.2 ± 7.8) years. All patients were HIV-positive with laboratory-confirmed DR-TB with mycobacterium resistance to first- and second-line drugs. Patients on DR-TB/HIV were divided as follows: Group 1 (cont­rol) — 26 patients with DR-TB/HIV with the CD4 lymphocyte count from 200 to 50 cells/μL, who received standard treatment with second-line antimycobacterial therapy (AMBT) and antiretroviral therapy (ARVT); Group 2 (basic) — 26 patients with DR-TB/HIV with a CD4 lymphocyte count from 200 to 50 cells/μL, who also received standard treatment of second-line AMBD and ARVT, with the addition of complex therapy with intravenous IgG. Results and discussion. In patients of Group 2, at the end of the 20th month of treatment, the normalization of T-helpers level was noted in 69.2 % of people, which reached the average values of (830.0 ± 15.2) cells/μL, with an increase to a subnormal level (408,0 ± 1.6) cells/μL in 30.8 % of patients (p &lt; 0.05). Normalization of the T-helpers indicator in Group 1 was noted on the 20th month only in 42.3 % of people, and it amounted to (670.0 ± 14.5) cells/μL (р &lt; 0.05). The relative (percentage) level of the T-helpers indicator in the 20th month reached normal values in 61.5 % (р &lt; 0.05) of patients of Group 2, among patients of Group 1 — in 34.6 % of people (р &lt; 0.05 ). The absolute number of T-suppressors at the end of the 20th month decreased to the norm in 76.9 % of patients and 46.2 % of patients in Groups 2 and 1, respectively (p &lt; 0.05). In patients of Group 2, on the 20th month of treatment, the physiological level of the T-suppressors indicator (19—35) % was reached in 65.4 % of cases (р &lt; 0.05); in Group 1, the normal level was registered in 38.5 % of patients (p &lt; 0.05). The CD4+/CD8+ Ratio was below the norm in 100 % of patients of Group 1 during 14 months inclusive, and only on the 20th month it reached the norm in 23.1 % of patients (p &lt; 0.05). Group 2 patients had normalization in 57.7 % of cases at the 20th month (р &lt; 0.05). Conclusions. The additional use of intravenous IgG in the complex treatment of patients with DR-TB/HIV contributed to a faster recovery of the cellular link of immunity, which makes it possible to prescribe antiretroviral therapy to patients with DR-TB/HIV at an earlier time, prevent the development of systemic inflammation and improve the prognosis for survival.

A Roadside and Cloud-Based Vehicular Communications Framework for the Provision of C-ITS Services

Road infrastructure plays a critical role in the support and development of the Cooperative Intelligent Transport Systems (C-ITS) paradigm. Roadside Units (RSUs), equipped with vehicular communication capabilities, traffic radars, cameras, and other sensors, can provide a multitude of vehicular services and enhance the cooperative perception of vehicles on the road, leading to increased road safety and traffic efficiency. Moreover, the central C-ITS system responsible for overseeing the road traffic and infrastructure, such as the RSUs, needs an efficient way of collecting and disseminating important information to road users. Warnings of accidents or other dangers, and other types of vehicular services such as Electronic Toll Collection (ETC), are examples of the types of information that the central C-ITS system is responsible for disseminating. To remedy these issues, we present the design of an implemented roadside and cloud architecture for the support of C-ITS services. With the main objectives of managing Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) communication units and network messages of a public authority or motorway operator acting as a central C-ITS system, the proposed architecture was developed for different mobility testbeds in Portugal, under the scope of the STEROID research project and the pan-European Connected Roads (C-Roads) initiative. RSUs, equipped with ETSI ITS-G5 communications, are deployed with a cellular link or fiber optics connection for remote control and configuration. These are connected to a cloud Message Queuing Telemetry Transport (MQTT) broker where communication is based on a geographical tiling scheme, which allows the selection of the appropriate coverage areas for the dissemination of C-ITS messages. The architecture is deployed in the field, on several Portuguese motorways, where road traffic and infrastructure are monitored through a C-ITS platform with visualization and event reporting capabilities. The provided architecture is independent of the underlying communication technology and can be easily adapted in the future to support Cellular-V2X (PC5 interface) or 5G RSUs. Performance results of the deployed architecture are provided.

Changes in the immune system in pregnant women, after pre­gravid preparation before the DRT program, with a history of sexually transmitted infections

The objective: to analyze the dynamics of laboratory indicators of the functioning of the immune system in pregnant women with a history of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) before and after pre-gravid preparation before cycles of assisted reproductive technologies (ART). Materials and methods. An analysis of the functioning of the immune system was carried out in 247 women with infertility who had a history of STIs and planned to participate in the DRT program: 115 women underwent our proposed pre-gravid training, of which 56 women in the DRT program ended in pregnancy, who entered the 1st group and received the proposed we take medical and preventive measures; 132 women underwent standard pre-gravid training, of which 55 women in the DRT program ended in pregnancy, who were included in the II group and received generally accepted medical and preventive measures. An in-depth immunological examination included: the absolute number of blood leukocytes and lymphocytes, as well as their subpopulations: CD3+ CD4+ helpers; CD3+ CD8+ cytotoxic T cells; activated CD3+DR+ T-lymphocytes; B-lymphocytes CD19+; (natural killers) of CD16+, CD56+, CD50+ cells. Statistical processing of research results was carried out using standard programs «Microsoft Excel 5.0» and «Statistica 8.0». Results. During immunological control before the start of preparation for DRT, immune maladaptation was observed in both study groups and there were no reliable changes in immunological indicators. During pregnancy, in the group of patients who received our proposed pre-gravid preparation, a probable decrease (p&lt;0.05) of the immunoregulatory coefficient from 2.17 to 1.87 was observed, as a result of adequate correction of derived immunological disorders, compared to pregnant women of the II group (2,20–2.19). As a result of the pregravid preparation offered by us, in 84,3% of the patients of the I group, stimulation of the cellular link of immunity was observed, the phagocytic activity of neutrophils and the number of B-lymphocytes increased, the number of M-immunoglobulins decreased by 267.3±14.2 mg% versus 257.7±12, 7 mg%, p&lt;0.05 Conclusions. The development and implementation of effective pre-gravid preparation before DRT cycles in women with a history of STIs and medical correction during pregnancy contributes to increasing the adaptive compensatory-adaptive potential in the immune homeostasis of the mother and perinatal protection of the fetus.

The role of photorespiration in plant immunity.

To defend themselves in the face of biotic stresses, plants employ a sophisticated immune system that requires the coordination of other biological and metabolic pathways. Photorespiration, a byproduct pathway of oxygenic photosynthesis that spans multiple cellular compartments and links primary metabolisms, plays important roles in defense responses. Hydrogen peroxide, whose homeostasis is strongly impacted by photorespiration, is a crucial signaling molecule in plant immunity. Photorespiratory metabolites, interaction between photorespiration and defense hormone biosynthesis, and other mechanisms, are also implicated. An improved understanding of the relationship between plant immunity and photorespiration may provide a much-needed knowledge basis for crop engineering to maximize photosynthesis without negative tradeoffs in plant immunity, especially because the photorespiratory pathway has become a major target for genetic engineering with the goal to increase photosynthetic efficiency.

Restructuring of erythropoiesis and immune status in hypotrophic calves with comorbid pathologies based on the use of aminoseleferon-B

The article presents the results of comparative therapeutic efficacy of a complex biogenic drug aminoseleferon-B based on recombinant interferons on Holstein calves with hypotrophy and comorbid pathology (anemia, immunodeficiency) in the neonatal period. According to the principle of pairanalogues, four groups of 6 individuals (hypotopic calves with comorbid pathology) were formed and the fifth – 6 normotrophic calves. The calves of the first experimental group were administered aminoseleton, the calves of the second experimental group - biferon-B, the calves of the third experimental group - the drug aminoseleferon-B. The drugs were administered subcutaneously, three times on days 1, 3 and 30 at a dose of 1 ml per 10 kg of animal weight. The calves of the fourth experimental group - negative control and the calves of the fifth group - positive control, the studied drugs were not used. The use of aminoseleferon-B leads to an earlier stabilization (on day 7 of our studies) of the morphological and immunological blood composition, whereas in the comparison groups, the studied indicators were optimized on day 30. In the animals of the 3rd experimental group, the level of erythrocytes increased by 9.3% and 6.4% compared to those in hypotrophic calves, a similar pattern was noted in the amount of total hemoglobin - increased by 13.7% and 7.7%. Humoral and cellular links of nonspecific protection were restored in the calves of the 3rd experimental group, due to normalization of serum compliment, lysozyme and bacterial activity, phagocytic index and number. The use of aminoseleferon-B in the treatment of polymorbid pathology (anemia, immunodeficiency) in calves with hypotrophy has a pathogenetically mediated mechanism of action and a pronounced anti-anemic and immunomodulatory effect that together improves the state of the calves body during early neonatal adaptation.

Task Co-Offloading for D2D-Assisted Mobile Edge Computing in Industrial Internet of Things

Mobile edge computing (MEC) and device-to-device (D2D) offloading are two promising paradigms in the industrial Internet of Things (IIoT). In this article, we investigate task co-offloading, where computing-intensive industrial tasks can be offloaded to MEC servers via cellular links or nearby IIoT devices via D2D links. This co-offloading delivers small computation delay while avoiding network congestion. However, erratic movements, the selfish nature of devices and incomplete offloading information bring inherent challenges. Motivated by these, we propose a co-offloading framework, integrating migration cost and offloading willingness, in D2D-assisted MEC networks. Then, we investigate a learning-based task co-offloading algorithm, with the goal of minimal system cost (i.e., task delay and migration cost). The proposed algorithm enables IIoT devices to observe and learn the system cost from candidate edge nodes, thereby selecting the optimal edge node without requiring complete offloading information. Furthermore, we conduct simulations to verify the proposed co-offloading algorithm.

Covertness and Secrecy Study in Untrusted Relay-Assisted D2D Networks

This article investigates the covertness and secrecy of wireless communications in an untrusted relay-assisted device-to-device (D2D) network consisting of a full-duplex base station (BS), a user equipment (UE), and an untrusted relay <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${R}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> . For the covertness, we attempt to prevent Willie from detecting the very existence of communications via a D2D link from UE to R and cellular link from R to BS, while for the secrecy, we aim to prevent the untrusted relay from eavesdropping the UE message. To explore the fundamental covertness and secrecy in such a network, we first provide theoretical modelings for the average minimum detection error rate of Willie, and the average covert/secrecy rate from UE to BS under the underlay and overlay modes, respectively. Based on these models, th we further explore the optimal power control at UE, R, and BS to achieve the average covert rate maximization (MCR) for UE with the constraints of covertness and security requirements under the underlay mode. We also identify the optimal transmit powers and the optimal spectrum partition factor for MCR under the overlay mode. Finally, the exhaust searching method is adopted to solve the MCR problems, and extensive numerical and simulation results are presented to validate our theoretical analysis and to illustrate the average covert rate and secrecy rate of UE under various scenarios.

Оценка иммунотропной активности нейропептидного соединения Lys-Lys-Arg-Arg-Pro-Gly-Pro в условиях «социального» стресса

Objective: to investigate immunotropic activity of the argenine-containing neuropeptide compound Lys-Lys-Arg-Arg-Pro-Gly-Pro in conditions of "social" stress. Material and methods. The study was conducted on mongrel male rats of 6 months of age using a model of "social" stress based on the provision of permanent residence of animals in conditions of sensory contact, as a result of which submissive and aggressive types of behavior were formed. All animals were divided into groups: control I - rats who were in a cage one at a time and received water for injection in an equivalent volume; control II - groups of stressed animals with aggressive and submissive types of behavior; three groups of stressed rats were intraperitoneally injected with Lys-Lys-Arg-Arg-Pro-Gly-Pro at a dose of 100 mcg/kg/day and the comparison drug Imunofan (Arginyl-alpha-aspartyl-lysyl-valyl-thyrosyl-argininum) at an average therapeutic dose of 0.7 mcg/kg/day. The following indicators were evaluated: delayed hypersensitivity reaction index, antibody titer of direct hemagglutination reaction, phagocytic activity of peripheral blood neutrophils, leukocyte formula indicators. Results. The results obtained in the course of this study indicate that the arginine-containing neuropeptide compound Lys-Lys-Arg-Arg-Pro-Gly-Pro contributes to the correction of immune changes that occur against the background of exposure to chronic "social" stress, namely, an increase in the delayed hypersensitivity reaction index, the level of anti-erythrocyte antibodies, the total number of leukocytes and a decrease in phagocytic activity of peripheral blood neutrophils (phagocytic number and phagocytic index), as well as restoration of the percentage ratio of elements of the leukocyte formula. Conclusion. Thus, the study of the immunotropic activity of the argenine-containing neuropeptide compound Lys-Lys-Arg-Arg-Pro-Gly-Pro showed the presence of an immunocorrecting effect on the cellular and humoral links of immunity, which actualizes the need for a detailed study of the immune mechanisms of this compound.

COMPLEX METHOD FOR THE THERAPY OF COWS WITH SUBCLINICAL MASTITIS

The article presents the results of studies on the therapeutic efficacy of a new method of treating cows with subclinical mastitis. The conducted studies have established that the new method of therapy (recombinant interferon-lambda together with Biferon-B) possesses a high therapeutic efficacy that is 86.7%, which is by 21.4 higher than the efficacy of the basic method (a drug based on aminoseleton containing recombinant bovine interferons -alpha and -gamma). After applying this method, changes in the blood immuno-biochemical indicators were established, indicating a decrease in the inflammatory response due to the activation of the cellular and humoral links of the general non-specific resistance of the organism of the studied animals.

Mode Selection and Resource Allocation for SWIPT NOMA based Three-tier HetNets

In next-generation heterogeneous networks, device-to-device communications are a key enabler to support a wider and diverse range of applications. They play an important role to guarantee the performance and quality of service requirements for the future ultra-dense networks. D2D-enabled cellular networks allow user equipment to communicate directly without any or with a partial association with macro base stations or with small base stations. In this paper, we propose a distance-based dynamic approach to minimize the interference and to guarantee QoS for diverse types of users equipment, such as macro user, small user and D2D user. The mode selection is used for minimize the interference and to guarantee QoS for both cellular and D2D communication links. Moreover, we investigated hybrid simultaneous wireless information and power transfer to achieve the higher data rates while guaranteeing the minimum harvested energy. Additionally, our scheme employs a transmit antenna selection criterion to exploit the spatial diversity gain of a multiple antennas for small base station. Results obtained show that coverage probability is improved in macro and small base stations links, when compared with traditional neighbor-based methods, we validate the theoretical findings and demonstrate that significant performance gain over orthogonal multiple access scheme in terms of spectral efficiency can be achieved by the proposed algorithms in a SWIPT-enabled NOMA system where we show the energy efficiency.