Cellular Immune Status Research Articles

Long-term health effects of persistent exposure to low-dose lr192 gamma-rays.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of persistent low-dose iridium-192 (Ir192) exposure on immunological function, chromosome aberration and the telomerase activity of bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMNCs), in order to increase clinical knowledge of the late effects of persistent low-dose Ir192 gamma-ray exposure. Patients (n=54) accidentally exposed to persistent low-dose Ir192 were included in this 10-year follow-up study. Clinical symptoms, peripheral blood, bone marrow, cellular and humoral immune status, chromosome aberrations and the telomerase activity of BMNCs were analyzed in this study. Exposure to low-dose Ir192 resulted in different degrees of clinical symptoms and significantly lowered complement C3 and C4 levels, CD3+, CD4+ and CD8+ T cell levels, the lymphocyte transformation rate and the percentage of natural killer (NK) cells. It also led to increases in peripheral blood and bone marrow abnormality rates, chromosome aberration rate and BMNC telomerase activity. Exposure to persistent low-dose Ir192 radiation resulted in different degrees of immune dysfunction, and abnormalities of blood cells and bone marrow, which recovered within 1-3 years. Chromosome aberrations were observed to take 5-10 years to recover. However, it would take >10 years for the telomerase activity of BMNCs to be reduced to normal levels. A prolonged follow-up time is required in order to monitor clonal proliferative diseases such as leukemia.

Immune cell distribution and immunoglobulin levels change following sciatic nerve injury in a rat model.

To investigate the systemic and local immune status of two surgical rat models of sciatic nerve injury, a crushed sciatic nerve, and a sciatic nerve transection. Twenty-four adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups: sham-operation (control group), sciatic nerve crush, and sciatic nerve transaction. Sciatic nerve surgery was performed. The percentage of CD4(+) cells and the CD4(+)/CD8+ratio were determined by flow cytometry. Serum IgM and IgG levels were analyzed by ELISA. T-cells (CD3) and macrophages (CD68) in sciatic nerve tissue sections were identified through immunohistochemistry. Compared to sham-operated controls, in rats that underwent nerve injury, the percentage of CD4(+) cells and the CD4(+)/CD8(+) ratio in the peripheral blood were significantly decreased 7 days after surgery, serum IgM levels were increased 14 days after surgery, and serum IgG levels were increased 21 days after surgery. There were a large number of CD3(+) cells and a small number of CD68(+) cells in sciatic nerve tissue sections 21 days after surgery, indicating T-cell and macrophage activation and infiltration. Local IgG deposition was also detected at the nerve injury site 21 days after surgery. Rat humoral and cellular immune status changed following sciatic nerve injury, particularly with regard to the cellular immune response at the nerve injury site.

Cellular Immune Status and Inflammatory Markers in Herpes Simplex Virus Type-2 Sero-positive Pregnant Women

Objective: Herpes simplex virus type-2 (HSV-2) causes genital ulcer disease and has been hypothesized to cause increase in inflammatory markers that contribute to atherogenic process. This study aimed to determine the cellular immune status and levels of systemic inflammatory markers in HSV-2 sero-positive pregnant women attending the antenatal clinic of Central Hospital, Warri, Nigeria. Method: This study included three hundred and sixteen (316) pregnant women. The sero-prevalence of Herpes simplex virus type-2 was determined using an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay while levels of cellular immune status (CD4 + ) and inflammation markers (C-reactive protein, total leukocyte count, total lymphocyte count, plasma viscosity) were determined using standard procedures. Result: The prevalence of HSV-2 was 192 (60.8%). Mean C-reactive protein and lymphocyte concentration were significantly higher in HSV-2 sero-positive subjects than in sero-negative counterpart (15.63 vs. 11.02, p< 0.001) and (41.90 vs. 33.71, p< 0.001) respectively, but CD4 + count did not differ in both subject group ((1114.39 vs. 988.21, 95% C.I 55.493, 196.86, P=0.076). Also the levels of total white cell count and plasma viscosity were not significantly different in HSV-2 sero-positive and sero-negative subjects. Conclusion: Increased levels of C- reactive protein and total lymphocyte count were significantly associated with HSV-2 infection. Increased CRP levels are known to contribute to atherogenic process; its routine quantification in patients managed for herpes infection is however advised.

Impact of date palm fruits extracts and probiotic enriched diet on antioxidant status, innate immune response and immune-related gene expression of European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax).

The application of additives in the diet as plants or extracts of plants as natural and innocuous compounds has potential in aquaculture as an alternative to antibiotics and immunoprophylactics. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the potential effects of dietary supplementation of date palm fruit extracts alone or in combination with Pdp11 probiotic on serum antioxidant status, on the humoral and cellular innate immune status, as well as, on the expression levels of some immune-related genes in head-kidney and gut of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) after 2 and 4 weeks of administration. This study showed for the first time in European sea bass an immunostimulation in several of the parameters evaluated in fish fed with date palm fruits extracts enriched diet or fed with this substance in combination with Pdp 11 probiotic, mainly after 4 weeks of treatment. In the same way, dietary supplementation of mixture diet has positive effects on the expression levels of immune-related genes, chiefly in head-kidney of Dicentrarchus labrax. Therefore, the combination of both could be considered of great interest as potential additives for farmed fish.

Highly Predictive Model for a Protective Immune Response to the A(H1N1)pdm2009 Influenza Strain after Seasonal Vaccination.

Understanding the immune response after vaccination against new influenza strains is highly important in case of an imminent influenza pandemic and for optimization of seasonal vaccination strategies in high risk population groups, especially the elderly. Models predicting the best sero-conversion response among the three strains in the seasonal vaccine were recently suggested. However, these models use a large number of variables and/or information post- vaccination. Here in an exploratory pilot study, we analyzed the baseline immune status in young (<31 years, N = 17) versus elderly (≥50 years, N = 20) donors sero-negative to the newly emerged A(H1N1)pdm09 influenza virus strain and correlated it with the serological response to that specific strain after seasonal influenza vaccination. Extensive multi-chromatic FACS analysis (36 lymphocyte sub-populations measured) was used to quantitatively assess the cellular immune status before vaccination. We identified CD4+ T cells, and amongst them particularly naive CD4+ T cells, as the best correlates for a successful A(H1N1)pdm09 immune response. Moreover, the number of influenza strains a donor was sero-negative to at baseline (NSSN) in addition to age, as expected, were important predictive factors. Age, NSSN and CD4+ T cell count at baseline together predicted sero-protection (HAI≥40) to A(H1N1)pdm09 with a high accuracy of 89% (p-value = 0.00002). An additional validation study (N = 43 vaccinees sero-negative to A(H1N1)pdm09) has confirmed the predictive value of age, NSSN and baseline CD4+ counts (accuracy = 85%, p-value = 0.0000004). Furthermore, the inclusion of donors at ages 31–50 had shown that the age predictive function is not linear with age but rather a sigmoid with a midpoint at about 50 years. Using these results we suggest a clinically relevant prediction model that gives the probability for non-protection to A(H1N1)pdm09 influenza strain after seasonal multi-valent vaccination as a continuous function of age, NSSN and baseline CD4 count.

Состояние клеточного иммунитета у больных хронической обструктивной болезнью легких, сочетанной с остеоартрозом

Состояние клеточного иммунитета у больных хронической обструктивной болезнью легких, сочетанной с остеоартрозом

Состояние клеточного иммунитета у больных хронической обструктивной болезнью легких, сочетанной с остеоартрозом

Состояние клеточного иммунитета у больных хронической обструктивной болезнью легких, сочетанной с остеоартрозом

Immune cell subsets at birth may help to predict risk of late-onset sepsis and necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm infants

BackgroundParameters predicting late-onset sepsis (LOS) and necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) in preterm infants would be valuable. Ten-color flow-cytometry enables the estimation of cellular immune status requiring only small sample volumes. AimsIdentifying predictive parameters for LOS and NEC in the cellular immune status of preterm infants. Study design and subjectsIn this prospective study in 40 preterm infants (week 26+0 to 30+6) and 10 healthy full-term newborn infants (control group, week 37+0 to 40+6), flow cytometric analyses of lymphocyte subpopulations were performed between the 2nd and the 6th day of life, with a follow-up until the preterm infant reached the calculated gestational age of week 40. Patients' episodes of infections and NEC were analyzed according to the NEO-KISS criteria of the German National Reference Center. ResultsTen preterm infants showed events within the first week of life and were excluded from the analysis. Of the other 30, five developed NEC, twelve LOS. In patients with LOS, the proportion of double-negative (DN) T cells was significantly elevated compared to patients without LOS, while immune-regulatory CD56bright and CD56negCD16+ NK cells were significantly decreased (p<0.05). Patients with NEC showed a reduction in the NK cell proportion (<3.7%) and significantly decreased naïve cytotoxic CD45RA+CD62L+ T cells (p<0.05). ConclusionNK cells and DN-T cell counts within the first week of life may be predictors for NEC and LOS in preterm infants. In order to identify patients at risk early, further analysis of these populations might be of interest.

Correlation between alkaline phosphatase, g-glutamyl transpeptidase, and bilirubin with interleukin-1b level in dogs with obstructive jaundice

Surgical management in obstructive jaundice still contributes to significant morbidity and mortality. One of complications following surgery in obstructive jaundice is sepsis. This complication is caused by the toxic effects of bilirubin and bile salts, endotoxins, bacterial translocation, modulation of the immune-inflammatory cascade, decreased cellular immunity and/or nutritional status. Many studies have shown the elevated inflammatory response indicator, interleukin-1 (IL-1b), in patients with obstructive jaundice. However, only a few report described the association between the indicators of obstructive jaundice (alkaline phosphatase [ALP], g-glutamyl transpeptidase [GGT], and bilirubin) and the indicator of inflammatory response (interleukin-1b [IL-1b]). This study aimed to investigate the association between the indicator of obstructive jaundice (ALP, GGT, and bilirubin) and the level of interleukin-1b (IL-1b) in dogs as the animal model. We performed ligation on distal common bile ducts (CBD) to produce a model of obstructive jaundice. Every three days within a month, the blood samples from ten dogs were extracted to determine the ALP, GGT, direct and total bilirubin, and IL-1b levels. We found a significant correlation between the ALP and GGT with IL-1b level with p-value of 0.036 (r=0.626) and 0.003 (r=0.826). However, there was no association between the increased direct bilirubin with the IL-1b level (p=0.068; r=0.537). Moreover, the increased level of ALP and GGT had a strong correlation with the increased level of direct bilirubin with p-value of 0.004 (r=0.810) and p=0.011 (r=0.746). In conclusion, the increased level of GGT was the strongest indicator for inflammatory response in dogs with obstructive jaundice. Furthermore, the increased levels of GGT and ALP might imply the development of obstructive jaundice in dogs.

Modeling the CNS Tropism of Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphomas in Vivo

Introduction: Central nervous system (CNS) manifestation accounts for dismal prognosis in patients diagnosed with systemic diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Myc rearrangement, deletions encompassing the CDKN2A (a.k.a. INK4a/ARF) or ATM gene loci as well as NF-kB-hyperactivating mutations are frequently detected in primary and secondary CNS-tropic lymphoma, however, investigations that functionally link these lesions to CNS involvement in adequate in vivo model systems are missing.Methods: We generated primary Eµ-myc transgenic mouse lymphomas with and without distinct naturally occurring NF-kB mutations (within genes encoding for MyD88, CD79B, A20, IkBζ, IkBε or BIRC3) or deletions at the INK4a/ARF and ATM loci by retroviral gene transfer and crossbreeding to the respective knockout strains. A subset of the lymphomas was subjected to gene expression profiling and whole-exome sequencing (WES). Wild-type recipient mice propagated with lymphoma cells via tail vein injection were monitored for systemic lymphoma development, the time at which the brain was isolated and examined regarding lymphoma infiltration.Results: Underlining Myc's role as a putative co-driver of CNS involvement, we found in about 40% of primary Eµ-myc lymphomas (with no additional exogenous lesions) meningeal lymphoma manifestations, and transplantation of the same individual lymphomas into numerous recipients reproduced the CNS lymphoma status. Gene set enrichment analysis of genome-wide transcriptome profiles indicated NF-kB hyperactivation in the CNS-tropic lymphoma group, suggesting that constitutive NF-kB signaling may promote CNS-prone pathogenesis in vivo. Transplantation of Eµ-myc transgenic hematopoietic stem cells expressing a variety of NF-kB-activating mutants in myeloablated recipient mice resulted in a significant acceleration of Eµ-myc -driven lymphomagenesis, with some, but not all of these mutants conferring a CNS-tropic lymphoma phenotype. Global NF-kB suppression in CNS-tropic Eµ-myc lymphomas via the NF-kB-antagonizing IkBΔN super-repressor did not fully abrogate lymphoma infiltration of the brain, suggesting that additional factor(s) must contribute. Accordingly, targeted ablation of the INK4a/ARF and ATM loci robustly enhanced CNS tropism of Eµ-myc lymphomas.Conclusions: The Eµ-myc mouse lymphoma model is well-suited to genetically dissect and rebuild components of DLBCL-like CNS tropism. We identified CDKN2A or ATM deletions as critical determinants of CNS tropism in vivo. Our systematic analyses of different NF-kB mutants - so far rather recognized as functionally interchangeable - indicated that only distinct NF-kB mutants contribute to CNS tropism in B-cell lymphomas. WES data, results from compound genotypes (e.g. combining ATM deletions with an NF-kB-activating mutation), and the impact of the host's cellular immune status will be reported at the meeting. Our findings underscore the need for functional analyses of oncogenic network contexts, and provide important insights into candidate target lesions for personalized CNS-directed therapies in DLBCL patients in the future. DisclosuresNo relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

T19: The immune and vascular components of microenvironment in prognosis of the endometrioid endometrial adenocarcinoma

Background Endometrioid endometrial adenocarcimoma is the most frequent gynecologic malignancy in the western world. It is well known that inflammation plays a key role in the initiation and development of cancer as well as promotes both specific and innate immune response. There is no information on the status of the local anti-tumor cellular immunity in endometrioid adenocarcinoma of the corpus uteri microenvironment in the Russian and English language medical scientific literature. Various studies have shown that high intratumor microvessel density in endometrial cancer is associated with advanced stage, increased risk of recurrent disease and with poor prognosis. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a glycoprotein with potent mitogenic activity. It has been demonstrated to be a key component in the promotion of angiogenesis. Materials and methods There were singlet 24 cases of endometrioid adenocarcinoma with retrospectively known good (survival) and poor (death) outcomes. All cases were immunohistochemically stained for CD3, CD20, CD57, CD68, S100, CD34 and VEGF, expression of was evaluated by IHC-profiler. The number and the area of vessels was count in “hot spot” zones and calculated per 1 mm. For compare of the characteristics of signs was used comparison of two independent samples – U-Mann–Whitney test. The level of statistical significance was accepted by p Results T-lymphocytes cells were situated predominantly in desmoplastic stroma of the tumor. CD3 expression was significant higher in the group of good outcome (p = 0.00042), B-lymphocytes cells were predominantly in epithelial component of tumor. CD20 was expressed in endometriod adenocarcinoma with good and poor outcome without statistically significant difference (p = 0.976). NK-lymphocytes were predominantly in peritumoral stroma. CD57 expression was statistically significant higher in the group of good outcome (p = 0.000307). Tumor infiltrating macrophages can were frequent in tumor stroma than in tumor islets. CD68 expression cells number was higher in the group with good outcome (p = 0.000219). Dendric cells were predominantly in epithelial component of tumor. S100+ cells number did not have any difference (p = 0.105). Inside the tumor stroma, among pseudo-glands or solid beaches there was a positive reaction for anti-CD34 of numerous microvessels together with groups of endothelial cells (“hot spot”). The number of intratumoral vessels in patients with poor outcome was 141.9 ± 24.7 vessels/mm2, in good outcome patients – 93.8 ± 28.7 vessels/mm2. The number of the intratumoral vessels in this groups was with significant statistical different (p = 0.0014). The area of intratumoral vessels in good outcome cases was 2799.7 ± 535.7 μm2, poor outcome cases – 5455,2 ± 448,8 μm2. It was significant statistical different (p = 0.000014). VEGF was expressed in the cytoplasm of normal endometrial cells, neoplastic ones, endothelial cells and stroma. VEGF represents a mitogen for endothelial cells that induces the formation of lumen’s vessels and also increases vascular permeability and protein extravasation. Expression of VEGF by cancer cells had significant statistical difference in this groups of patients (p = 0.0411). Conclusion There was a significant reduction in T, NK-cells and macrophages from patients with poor outcome indicates the development of local immune deficiency that could certainly plays an important role in tumor progression endometrioid carcinoma. Our study demonstrates that the number and the area of vessels, as part of angiogenesis, represent an important prognostic factor in outcome of endometrioid endometrial adenocarcinoma. VEGF expression also is an angiogenic factor which plays a great role in the prognosis of this tumor.

THE CELLULAR AND HUMORAL IMMUNITY STATE DEPENDING ON THE OUTCOME OF A WIDESPREAD PURULENT PERITONITIS

The aim of the study was to examine the state of cellular and humoral immunity in patients with widespread purulent peritonitis (WPP) in depending on the disease outcome. The study involved 50 patients with community-acquired and hospital origin WPP. The testing of blood lymphocyte phenotype was performed by flow cytometry. The concentration of immunoglobulins and cytokines were measured by ELISA. It was established that the immune system state by WPP is characterized by leukocytosis, relative lymphopenia, increasing concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines, as well as decrease of the cytotoxic and activated T-lymphocytes content. The state of the cellular immunity in case of unfavorable outcome of the WPP is characterized by decreased of the γδT-lymphocytes and NKT-cells levels with increasing amounts of the B1-cells. The immune system state in case of a favorable outcome of the WPP is characterized by a decrease in the number of NK-cells in peripheral blood and increased levels of Th2-lymphocytes. Increasing of the Th2-cells number determines the increase in stimulating effects of T-cell on the humoral immunity, that is manifested in increasing concentrations of IL-4 and IgA, which is an important factor in the immunopathogenesis of the WPP determining its favorable outcome.

Continuous DC-CIK infusions restore CD8+ cellular immunity, physical activity and improve clinical efficacy in advanced cancer patients unresponsive to conventional treatments.

There are few choices for treatment of advanced cancer patients who do not respond to or tolerate conventional anti-cancer treatments. Therefore this study aimed to deploy the benefits and clinical efficacy of continuous dendritic cell-cytokine induced killer cell infusions in such patients. A total of 381 infusions (from 67 advanced cases recruited) were included in this study. All patients underwent peripheral blood mononuclear cell apheresis for the following cellular therapy and dendritic cells-cytokine induced killer cells were expanded in vitro. Peripheral blood T lymphocyte subsets were quantified through flow cytometry to address the cellular immunity status. Clinical efficacy and physical activities were evaluated by RECIST criteria and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group scores respectively. Logistic regression model was used to estimate the association between cellular infusions and clinical benefits. An average of 5.7±2.94x10(9) induced cells were infused each time and patients were exposed to 6 infusions. Cellular immunity was improved in that cytotoxic CD8+CD28+T lymphocytes were increased by 74% and suppressive CD8+CD28-T lymphocytes were elevated by 16% (p<0.05). Continuous infusion of dendritic cells-cytokine induced killer cells was associated with improvement of both patient status and cellular immunity. A median of six infusions were capable of reducing risk of progression by 70% (95%CI 0.10-0.91). Every elevation of one ECOG score corresponded to a 3.90-fold higher progression risk (p<0.05) and 1% increase of CD8+CD28- T cell proportion reflecting a 5% higher risk of progression (p<0.05). In advanced cancer patients, continuous dendritic cell-cytokine induced killer cell infusions are capable of recovering cellular immunity, improving patient status and quality of life in those who are unresponsive to conventional cancer treatment.

Effect of Inclusion Inorganic, Organic or Nano Selenium Forms in Broiler Diets On: 2-Physiological, Immunological and Toxicity Statuses of Broiler Chicks

2 Abstract: This study was conducted to evaluate both physiological and immunological efficiency and toxicological effects of different selenium (Se) sources and levels in corn-soybean meal broiler diets. For that, 400 day-old unsexed Arbor Acres broiler chicks were allocated to 10 experimental treatments in a 5 sources x 2 levels factorial design. Five Se sources were tested; (1) sodium selenite (NaSe) as inorganic form; (2) selenomethionine (Se-Yeast) as organic form; (3) Zinc-L-selenomethionine (Zn-Se-Meth) as more recent organic form; (4) powder form of Nano Se form (P-Nano Se) and (5) Liquid form of Nano Se (L-Nano Se). Also two inclusion of Se levels in diets; 0.15 and 0.30 ppm, were examined. The inorganic and organic forms of Se were obtained from commercial suppliers while both powder and liquid forms of Nano Se wer e prepared immediately before starting feeding phases of the experiment. The prepared 80 nm Se nano - particles were synthesized by chemical reduction method and characterized by Transmission Electron Microscope, X-ray diffraction and spectrophotometry. Three phases (1-10, 11-24 and 25-40 d) of feeding were applied and all birds were kept under similar management conditions. Parameters of blood picture, immunity status, antioxidant status, some plasma constituents and T3 hormone were investigated. Also histological examination of liver samples was carried out at 40 days of age. The obtained results showed significant improvement of some hematological parameters, cellular immunity and antioxidant status either due to using organic or nano forms of Se, or by increasing the inclusion Se level from 0.15 to 0.30 ppm in broiler diets. While humeral immunity against Newcastle Disease Virus and Avian flow Virus (H5N1), plasma proteins, activity of liver enzymes and malnodialdhyde (MDA) content in plasma did not affected due to Se sources or levels. Concentration of T3 hormone significantly increased by increasing Se level from 0.15 to 0.30 ppm in the diet. The histological examination of liver showed some severe pathological changes due to increasing Se level from 0.15 to 0.30 ppm for most sources while using 0.15 ppm of Se from inorganic or organic forms of Se showed normal histological structure of liver tissues. The overall experimental results showed although using Zn-Se-Meth as organic form of Se or L-Nano Se as nano form of Se or increasing the supplemental Se to 0.30 ppm in broiler diets or its equivalent in drinking water is more effective to get better, physiological, immunological and antioxidant status of broiler chicks. Inclusion Se-Yeast as organic form of Se in broiler diets at level 0.15 ppm was more save to liver tissues and kidney function. Further studies about the safety of using nano form of selenium as feed additives are needed.

Effects of dietary supplementation with quercetin on broiler immunological characteristics

Quercetin, among other flavonoids, is under investigation as feed additive for poultry due to its antioxidative properties. Quercetin is also known to possess immunomodulatory and in particular anti-inflammatory properties. As uncompromised immune function is important for poultry productivity and welfare this study investigates possible effects of dietary supplementation of broilers with quercetin on their immune function and immune status. We assessed aspects of the chickens cell-mediated and humoral immune response and immune status when fed with diets supplemented with quercetin at 0.5 and 1g/kg feed compared to control diets. We measured their cellular immune response to the phytohaemagglutinin skin test, their humoral immune response to sheep red blood cells and assessed the status of the birds’ lymphoid organs and the cell subset composition of the thymus. We found no differences between dietary treatment groups in cellular immune response or immune status (P>0.05). Interestingly, while total and IgM antibody titers did not differ among treatment groups (P>0.05), IgY antibody titers significantly increased with increasing quercetin supplementation (P-linear<0.05). Therefore, dietary quercetin did not compromise any of the immune parameters tested but on the contrary enhanced IgY antibody production.

IMMUNE INDEXES IN PATIENTS WITH PROGRESSIVE FIBROUS-CAVERNOUS TUBERCULOSIS DEPENDENT ON SEVERITY OF DESTRUCTIVE CHANGES IN THE LUNGS

We have studied cellular immune state in patients with progressive fibrous cavernous tuberculosis (FCT) with varying severity of lung destructive changes. It was found that increasing number of specific cytotoxic lymphocytes, NK-, NKT-, CD95-cells and activated T-lymphocytes, accompanied by a significant decrease of T-helper cells, B cells, CD25-cells, is a sign of destruction, along with inhibition of antigen-specific cellular response and functional insufficiency of T-helper and cytotoxic lymphocytes. Increased severity of the disease is consistent with activation of B cell compartment and weaker phagocytic function of neutrophils. Significant differences were revealed in spontaneous and induced production of IFNγ, IL-2 and IL-8 between various groups of patients with FCT. The alterations of immune and cytokine status in a certain clinical subgroup with progressing FCT were indicative for depletion of immune system potential. As based on these data, we have established some criteria in order to assess severity of immune pathology in the patients with progressing FCT which may be of predictive value for evaluating trends in development of the specific process and feasibility of immune correction therapy.

Leukocyte profiles differ between type 1 and type 2 diabetes and are associated with metabolic phenotypes: results from the German Diabetes Study (GDS).

Altered immune reactivity precedes and accompanies type 1 and type 2 diabetes. We hypothesized that the metabolic phenotype relates to the systemic cellular immune status. A total of 194 metabolically well-controlled patients with type 1 diabetes (n = 62, mean diabetes duration 1.29 years) or type 2 diabetes (n = 132, 1.98 years) and 60 normoglycemic persons underwent blood sampling for automated white blood cell counting (WBC) and flow cytometry. Whole-body insulin sensitivity was measured with hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp tests. Patients with type 2 diabetes had higher WBC counts than control subjects along with a higher percentage of T cells and activated T helper (Th) and cytotoxic T (Tc) cells but lower proportions of natural killer (NK) cells. In type 1 diabetes, the percentage of activated Th and Tc cells was also higher compared with control subjects, whereas the ratio of regulatory T (Treg) cells to activated Th cells was lower, suggesting diminished regulatory capacity. Parameters of glycemic control related positively to Treg cells only in type 2 diabetes. Upon age, sex, and body mass adjustments, insulin sensitivity correlated positively with monocytes, while circulating lipids correlated positively with T cell subsets in type 1 diabetes. Immune cell phenotypes showed distinct frequencies of occurrence in both diabetes types and associate with insulin sensitivity, glycemia, and lipidemia.

Features of severe community acquired pneumonia in hiv-infected patients.

Questions of management of patients with severe community acquired pneumonia (CAP) in HIV-infected are particularly acute. Pneumonia etiology, identification and treatment on the background of immune deficiency, its clinical and diagnostic features and tactics are still not clearly described, this significantly increases mortality from CAP in general clinical practice. That is why the aim of the work was to determine clinical features, etiology, severity of systemic inflammation and cellular immunity status of severe pneumonia in HIV-infected individuals. For this, 62 patients with verified severe CAP were observed, after express testing the main group included 11 (17.7%) persons with severe CAP and identified HIV-infection who underwent identification of respiratory pathogens, determination of serum levels of markers of systemic inflammation (procalcitonin (PCT) and C-reactive protein (CRP)), count of CD4, CD8, CD4/CD8 lymphocyte subpopulations. According to the results of causative agent identification in the study group pneumonia caused by Pneumocystis jirivecii (in 9 (81.8%) of cases) dominated, whereas in 2 other patients (18.2%) Streptococcus pneumonia was identified. According to the results of objective examination it turned out that the peculiarities of severe CAP in HIV infected patients is non-manifestal atypical clinical set of symptoms with predominance of respiratory distress syndrome over general intoxication, due to Pneumocystis pathogenetic mechanisms of lung injury (BR in the study group was at 37,5±0,1 per 1 min. of oxygen saturation 79,2±3,0%), and with following minimal inflammatory processes (maximum level of PCT in patients with pneumocystis pneumonia corresponded 0.555 ng/ml). According to the study of cellular immunitit it was found that of study group patients had CD4 count 65% less than in the control group. It turned out that in cases of suspected severe CAP in HIV-infectsd patients sputum PCR method allows to quickly detect atypical respiratory pathogens (including Pneumocystis). Determination of serum levels of biomarkers allows to be oriented towards the cause of severity state of patients with severe CAP, and the need in antibiotic therapy. Determination of CD4, CD8, CD4/CD8 markers has high differential diagnostic value in patients with severe CAP and HIV infection, especially in the absence of evidence of immunodeficiency.

Prognostic significance of preoperative neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio in patients with gastric cancer treated with surgery.

e15088 Background: The neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is related to inflammatory status and/or cellular immunity status of patients with some cancers. We hypothesize that preoperative NLR is ass...

Dynamics Of Cellular Immunity Patients Operated On Peritonitis

Changes the state of cellular immunity in patients with peritonitis dependent on its prevalence. In with diffuse and especially with total peritonitis imbalance of the immune response from the cellular level is more significant, which is characterized by a marked decrease in CD4 and a moderate increase in CD8, long-term reduction of IRI and, importantly, the slow recovery of these indicators over time (with diffuse peritonitis on the 7th day and, if spilled&gt;7 days). Prolonged imbalance indicators of cellular immunity in patients with total peritonitis demonstrates not only the occurrence of secondary immunodeficiency, but also the depletion of the body’s immune requiring the appointment and immunostimulatory drugs.