Mobile Networks Research Articles

Joint Metrics for EMF Exposure and Coverage in Real-World Homogeneous and Inhomogeneous Cellular Networks

Joint Metrics for EMF Exposure and Coverage in Real-World Homogeneous and Inhomogeneous Cellular Networks

MrgprA3 neurons drive cutaneous immunity against helminths through selective control of myeloid-derived IL-33.

Skin uses interdependent cellular networks for barrier integrity and host immunity, but most underlying mechanisms remain obscure. Herein, we demonstrate that the human parasitic helminth Schistosoma mansoni inhibited pruritus evoked by itch-sensing afferents bearing the Mas-related G-protein-coupled receptor A3 (MrgprA3) in mice. MrgprA3 neurons controlled interleukin (IL)-17+ γδ T cell expansion, epidermal hyperplasia and host resistance against S. mansoni through shaping cytokine expression in cutaneous antigen-presenting cells. MrgprA3 neuron activation downregulated IL-33 but induced IL-1β and tumor necrosis factor in macrophages and type 2 conventional dendritic cells partially through the neuropeptide calcitonin gene-related peptide. Macrophages exposed to MrgprA3-derived secretions or bearing cell-intrinsic IL-33 deletion showed increased chromatin accessibility at multiple inflammatory cytokine loci, promoting IL-17/IL-23-dependent changes to the epidermis and anti-helminth resistance. This study reveals a previously unrecognized intercellular communication mechanism wherein itch-inducing MrgprA3 neurons initiate host immunity against skin-invasive parasites by directing cytokine expression patterns in myeloid antigen-presenting cell subsets.

On Covert Rate in Full-Duplex D2D-Enabled Cellular Networks With Spectrum Sharing and Power Control

On Covert Rate in Full-Duplex D2D-Enabled Cellular Networks With Spectrum Sharing and Power Control

Fast-Fading Channel and Power Optimization of the Magnetic Inductive Cellular Network

Fast-Fading Channel and Power Optimization of the Magnetic Inductive Cellular Network

E-commerce and Mobile Application Development in the Sports Industry

In order to achieve user recommendations that best match their current contextual needs, the author proposes a mobile service QoS (Quality of Service) hybrid recommendation model based on sports user situational awareness. Cluster the users and service items covered by mobile users based on their location contextual information according to the classification principle of autonomous systems, forming a collaborative filtering and recommendation mechanism for mobile user service items; In response to the cold start problem of new users and new projects in traditional QoS recommendation methods, prediction and recommendation of missing QoS attribute preference values are based on User based and Item based CF; In response to the problem of difficult determination of mixed recommendation weights caused by massive data and uneven distribution of service QoS attribute values in mobile network environments, MapReduce based ant colony neural network weight training is used for CF mixed recommendation. Experimental results have shown that the Hadoop sports industry has improved the operational efficiency of algorithms and reduced the time for global QoS preference prediction; And by comparing the operation results of the 10% and 100% sub datasets, it can also be seen that the acceleration ratio of the algorithm will continuously improve with the increase of data volume, thereby improving the operational efficiency of the recommendation algorithm. It has been proven that the MapReduce based ant colony neural network weight training method significantly reduces the global computation time of the algorithm and improves the operational efficiency of the recommendation system.

Geotagging accuracy in smartphone photography

After a decade of technological advancements, digital forensic science is under increasing pressure to deliver investigative findings with a high degree of scientific rigor. The judicial community has voiced growing concerns regarding digital traces and their interpretation. This research focuses on assessing the significance of geolocation information embedded within the metadata of photographs captured using a mobile phone. In order to examine the variability in the accuracy of this geolocation metadata and identify potential external influences, images were taken at 29 different locations distributed along three distinct paths. The photographs were captured using two Samsung Galaxy S8 SM-G950F devices running on Android 8.0. Various configurations of GNSS and mobile network connections were tested, and their potential impact on the accuracy of geolocation metadata was investigated. The findings show the dependency of geolocation accuracy on the specific measurement location. This research ultimately highlights the imperative for evaluative approaches to take into account the specific characteristics of each point of interest, as opposed to leaning on broad statements about the reliability of geolocation processes in general.

Federated Learning-Based Task Offloading in a UAV-Aided Cloud Computing Mobile Network

Federated Learning-Based Task Offloading in a UAV-Aided Cloud Computing Mobile Network

Research on 5G mobile networks in Vietnam, design selection and testing of 5G Mobile Communications Jamming Device

According to the research presented by the authors in [1], we propose research content, applying new technical technologies to research and design 5G mobile communications jamming devices. The goal of research and product design is to meet the basic requirements of technical indicators, operating features as well as specific requirements of the Public Security. In this article, the authors introduce some initial results of testing and evaluating 5G mobile communications jamming devices in frequency bands n28, n40, n41 (in which, n41 is divided into two frequency bands n41A and n41B) and n77. This not only has practical significance in scientific research and technology mastery, but also serves as a basis for the authors to continue developing products applying SDR technology to design and manufacture intelligently controlled, adaptive jamming devices in the future, meet work requirements of the Public Security, while diversifying the methods of operation for the Public Security force in practice

A Multi-Agent Risk-Averse Reinforcement Learning Method for Reliability Enhancement in Sub-6GHz/mmWave Mobile Networks

A Multi-Agent Risk-Averse Reinforcement Learning Method for Reliability Enhancement in Sub-6GHz/mmWave Mobile Networks

Cooperation-Based Joint Active and Passive Sensing With Asynchronous Transceivers for Perceptive Mobile Networks

Cooperation-Based Joint Active and Passive Sensing With Asynchronous Transceivers for Perceptive Mobile Networks

Financial Model Construction and Identification of Abnormal Activities in Mobile Networks for e-commerce Platform Using Machine Learning Algorithm

The advancement of informatization has significantly affected many sectors due to e-commerce, rendering the existing Financial Model (FM) inadequate for e-commerce customers. Artificial Intelligence (AI) substantially enhances the financial accounting capabilities and resource integration of systems using mobile networks. The insufficient FM of e-commerce tools and issues such as the administration of funds have significantly obstructed the advancement of standardized financial procedures, as the FM structure impacts managers' statistical evaluation of financial information. This research examines the financial hazards, management issues, and underlying causes of these issues inside e-commerce systems, subsequently employing AI to assess the FM operations of these websites in Peru. This research uses a Machine Learning (ML) approach to examine the clustering centers of FM information as well as the privacy aspect of the FM. This study ultimately presents ways for optimizing and constructing FMs to enhance data security and capital administration in e-commerce financing, hence fostering the continued growth of e-commerce systems using mobile networks. The experimental findings indicate that the FM’s classification value and security aspect for e-commerce systems progressively enhance under the ML. The average classification value is 1.23, whereas the average risk factor is around 1.41. AI and ML improve financial accounting requirements and the long-term growth of e-commerce systems in Peru.

Enhance Key Stage Generation for Developing Kasumi Encryption Algorithm

Today, data security is a critical component of the efficient performance of every organization's diverse requirement, one of the important requirements is to provide a secure connection for data transmission in organization's networks. Cryptography algorithms are used to protect transmitted data from unauthorized access. Every day, a great deal of research is being done. The process of encrypting data is currently under development. Therefore, a substantial technological or research effort is still required. Cellular networks and secure communication. This proposal calls for the development of a new encryption system based on Using random keys in all the rounds. That’s mean we generated random keys as 128 bits for each round and save it in an array with size (8×8) because we have 8 rounds and each key divided into 8 sub keys as 16 bits for each to use in encryption and decryption. The developed random keys and traditional algorithm keys were tested with statistical tests of NIST, which made up a comparison and conclusion that the developed keys have a higher randomness specially in linear complexity, Frequency within block and random excursion tests, which leads to a better quality of encryption. Then we could test the cipher text with frequency within block test that was evaluated by (0.49590998713105255) and the approximate entropy test that was evaluated by (0.4922198616875501) for each cipher text which resulted from standard and modified Kasumi algorithm that’s means we can conclude that our modified Kasumi algorithm achieved more secure data in its resulted cipher text.

Enhance Key Stage Generation for Developing Kasumi Encryption Algorithm

Today, data security is a critical component of the efficient performance of every organization's diverse requirement, one of the important requirements is to provide a secure connection for data transmission in organization's networks. Cryptography algorithms are used to protect transmitted data from unauthorized access. Every day, a great deal of research is being done. The process of encrypting data is currently under development. Therefore, a substantial technological or research effort is still required. Cellular networks and secure communication. This proposal calls for the development of a new encryption system based on Using random keys in all the rounds. That’s mean we generated random keys as 128 bits for each round and save it in an array with size (8×8) because we have 8 rounds and each key divided into 8 sub keys as 16 bits for each to use in encryption and decryption. The developed random keys and traditional algorithm keys were tested with statistical tests of NIST, which made up a comparison and conclusion that the developed keys have a higher randomness specially in linear complexity, Frequency within block and random excursion tests, which leads to a better quality of encryption. Then we could test the cipher text with frequency within block test that was evaluated by (0.49590998713105255) and the approximate entropy test that was evaluated by (0.4922198616875501) for each cipher text which resulted from standard and modified Kasumi algorithm that’s means we can conclude that our modified Kasumi algorithm achieved more secure data in its resulted cipher text.

Efficient Radio Resource Management in Cell-less Wireless Communication Systems

In this paper, the particle swarm optimization (PSO) method with dynamic generation of biasing factors is used to determine the optimal particle size, maximize cell spectral efficiency (CSE) and balance the load in 5G networks. This work studies two distinct interference scenarios: in the first approach, CSE is calculated with varying numbers of users, when different radio services are used by each tier (when several radio access technologies are used), and when interference is received by the consumer only from the same tier base stations (BSs). In the second approach, interference is created when all levels use the same radio services and interference from BSs belonging to the same tier and other tiers is received by the consumer. Simulation results show that the cell-less network performs better than the cellular network in terms of maximizing CSE and balancing the load.

Digital Wallet Adoption Through Service Quality in Rupandehi District of Nepal

Purpose: This research aims to investigate the dynamics of digital wallet usage in Rupandehi District considering service quality and accommodate the elements that influence digital wallet adoption. Methods: Data were obtained via a self-administered questionnaire using a convenience sampling method. Three hundred ninety seven bank customers, who use mobile banking services, were selected as sample. Smart PLS 4 was used to evaluate the model. The questionnaire addressed two components of the technological acceptance model namely perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness. Service quality model was used considering perceived risk and financial risk.Results: Perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness and service quality have positive and direct effects on the adoption of digital wallets. The study reveals the consequences for businesses and customers in Nepal’s changing digital environment through service quality and digital wallet usage.Conclusion: Investments and internet connectivity and mobile networks are keys to expanding digital wallet access. It is important to understand technology acceptance, service quality, and financial risk in digital wallet adoption.

A Framework for Mitigating Gray Hole Attack On Mobile Ad Hoc Networks

posing a significant challenge to network performance and reliability. In a gray hole attack, a malicious node selectively drops packets while forwarding others, leading to increased packet loss and latency. This paper presents a novel Gray Hole Prevention algorithm designed to detect and mitigate the effects of such attacks, thereby enhancing the security and efficiency of MANETs. The proposed algorithm integrates existing techniques, specifically the Secure Detection Prevention and Elimination Gray Hole (SDPEGH) approach, with proactive measures to improve detection accuracy and minimize the risk of blacklisting legitimate nodes. Extensive simulations were conducted using the NS-2 simulation tool, comparing the performance of the proposed algorithm against traditional methods. The results demonstrate a significant improvement in network performance, with the GRAY-HP algorithm achieving a PDR of 92%, compared to 78% for the SDPEGH algorithm, representing an increase of 18%. Additionally, the throughput improved by 25%, reaching 85 kbps, while the energy consumption was reduced by 15%, indicating a more efficient use of resources. The routing overhead was also minimized by 20%, showcasing the algorithm's effectiveness in maintaining network stability. This research contributes to the field of network security by providing a robust solution to gray hole attacks, thereby enhancing the reliability and performance of MANETs. The findings underscore the importance of proactive security measures in dynamic and decentralized environments, paving the way for future advancements in secure communication protocols for mobile networks.

Modern Analysis Design And Implementation Of An (SMS) Application Banking

SMS –Banking is a value-added service solution that allows banked customers to be able to perform certain banking operations related to their account such as balance viewing, transfer, etc. via the mobile network operator's SMS service. The integrated platforms for these services include added values, with one part connected to the mobile network via the SS7 protocol stack and the other end to the IP network. The development of SMS-based mobile applications requires the installation of a text messaging gateway that allows interconnection between the two networks (telecommunications and computer). OZEKI is open source software. It is an SMS gateway that can receive SMS from GSM network and forward them to another network. It supports several types, allowing SMSC to be linked between them or between a GSM network and another network (IP for example). The OZEKI portal therefore makes it possible to set up value-added services. Computer Science has a dynamic computer park that allows them to develop and conduct effective research in Computer Science because information technology makes the fundamental pillar in development for the progress made in the world today as Computer Science Department students have the necessary tools for them to help in their research.

An Improved Phase Noise Reduction in Millimeter-Wave FBMC Systems

The next generation mobile network needs to have a spectrum above the 30 GHz radio band. The 5G system is a promising technology for future communication systems. It has been used in Device-to-Device (D2D) communications, IoT, Machine type communications (MTC), and wireless backhaul. The 5G is expected to have speeds of hundreds of times and satisfy the requirements of larger traffic density, low latency, connective density, higher capacity & reliability, data rate, super high mobility, etc. It is expected to have applications such as HD video, virtual reality & augmented reality, online games, and cloud desktops. For this, Millimeter wave (Mmwave) has been used for fifth-generation mobile networks. The millimeter wave has a frequency range from 30 to 300 GHz. When the usage of frequency is above 60 GHz, the band will acquire RF impairments such as PAPR, Phase noise, non-linearity, and phase and quadrature timing mismatch (IQTM). This article shows the Phase noise reduction in MIMO FBMC systems using Extended Kalman filter techniques.

Effects of meteorological variables on the quality of service of mobile networks in Yenagoa – southern Nigeria

The nexus of this study is to investigate the dependencies of CSSR and DCR on Meteorological parameters for four mobile networks in Yenagoa. The Meteorological parameters used, temperature and relative humidity, were obtained from Nigerian Meteorological Agency. These data which span from January 2014 to December 2023 were averaged to obtain monthly mean temperature and relative humidity for Yenagoa. CSSR and DCR monthly data from January 2014 to December 2023 for Yenagoa were obtained from NCC, Abuja. Correlation coefficients between CSSR and Temperature, CSSR and relative humidity, DCR and temperature, DCR and relative humidity were 0.49, -0.47, -0.35, 0.29 for MTN network, 0.56, -0.02, -0.47, 0.31 for Airtel network, 0.21, -0.34, -0.11, -0.26 for 9mobile and 0.69, -0.04, -0.25, 0.00 for Globacom network. Graphs were plotted using QoS KPIs as the dependent variable while the weather parameters were the independent variables. Regression models were developed for predicting CSSR and DCR, provided, the temperature or relative humidity at that particular time is known. It was concluded that an increase in temperature and relative humidity led to an increase in CSSR and vice versa, while an increase in temperature and relative humidity led to a decrease in DCR and vice versa. This result will be useful to network operators and planners, enabling them to develop an efficient link margin in order to achieve a better QoS. Researchers should investigate QoS KPIs and how they are affected by other meteorological parameters.

Modern Analysis Design And Implementation Of An (SMS) Application Banking

SMS –Banking is a value-added service solution that allows banked customers to be able to perform certain banking operations related to their account such as balance viewing, transfer, etc. via the mobile network operator's SMS service. The integrated platforms for these services include added values, with one part connected to the mobile network via the SS7 protocol stack and the other end to the IP network. The development of SMS-based mobile applications requires the installation of a text messaging gateway that allows interconnection between the two networks (telecommunications and computer). OZEKI is open source software. It is an SMS gateway that can receive SMS from GSM network and forward them to another network. It supports several types, allowing SMSC to be linked between them or between a GSM network and another network (IP for example). The OZEKI portal therefore makes it possible to set up value-added services. Computer Science has a dynamic computer park that allows them to develop and conduct effective research in Computer Science because information technology makes the fundamental pillar in development for the progress made in the world today as Computer Science Department students have the necessary tools for them to help in their research.