Cell Volume Values Research Articles

Experimental Transmission of Babesia bigemina by Boophilus decoloratus in Cattle

3 Abstract: Experimental transmission of B.bigemina between cattle and ticks Boophilus decoloratus were carried out in the laboratory. Body bags were applied on the bodies of two calves infected with B. bigemina.These were the four month old splenectomized male Friesian calf number 10B and the two month old intact male Ayrshire calf number 28B. B. decoloratus larvae were then introduced into these body bags to make contact with the calves, Engorged female ticks were then collected several days later as the dropped from the calves. Haemolymph smears of the engorged females B. decoloratus derived from calves 28B and 10B revealed 93 (35%) and 112 (34%) infection rates with kinetes of B. bigemina respectively. Twelve percent mortality rate was reported for ticks derived from calf 28B while 5% was reported for ticks derived from calf 10B before the commencement of egg laying. The blood of the two calves were found to show declining packed cell volume (PCV) values and red blood cell counts. B. decoloratus was found to transmit B. bigemina in cattle with a high level of success.

Prevalence of haemoglobinopathy in sportsmen in qatar

BackgroundHaemoglobinopathy are the most common genetically inherited disease in many parts of the world. Both health and athletic performance may be affected in athletes training at high intensity and in...

Observations on hand‐mating behaviors, several physiological and hematological parameters in Turkish dairy goats

The aims of this study were to examine hand-mating behavior of doe and buck and relationships of courtship behavior and physiological and hematological traits according to gestation results. Duration from beginning of observation until mating (M-C), duration between two copulations (C-C) and courtship behavioral index value of each sex (CBIVD; courtship behavioral index value of doe, CBIVB; courtship behavioral index value of buck) and mounting behavior of buck, were observed. Experience of doe was affected of CBIVD and CBIVB (P=0.01 and P=0.01, respectively). Bucks mounted significantly higher times on experienced does than on inexperienced ones (P=0.00). On the other hand service number decreased with an increase in M-C (P=0.00). Elevated service number was observed with increased mounting frequency of buck (P=0.03). There were strong correlations between CBIVD and CBIVB (r=0.48, P=0.00). Pregnancy was not influenced by vaginal pH value. Does, which gave multiple births, had higher vaginal pH (P=0.05). Rectal temperature difference of doe had no influence on success of mating and birth type. On the other hand, birth type was affected by rectal temperature difference of buck. There was no significant difference of hematological parameters according to mating results. Hemoglobin, red blood cell count and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration values were higher in single births and mean cell volume value was lower in single births.

Parasitic Causes of Anaemia in Dogs in Vom, Nigeria

Association of parasitic infection of dogs with packed cell volume (PCV) as an indication of anaemia was investigated using diagnostic records from May 2008 to April 2010. One hundred and fourteen blood and 84 fecal samples from owned dogs were used. Giemsa-stained thin blood smears were examined for haemoparasites. Fecal samples were processed by simple floatation, using saturated sodium chloride and formol ether concentration methods. An overall prevalence of 42% for haemoparasites and 31% for helminths were recorded. The prevalence was higher in local breeds than mixed and pure exotic breeds. Babesia canis sensu lato appears to be more prevalent (27%) than other haemoparasites and Toxocara canis (12%) more than other helminth parasites. 37% of the dogs examined were harbouring either haemo- or intestinal parasites or both. Dogs negative for haemo- and intestinal parasites had mean packed cell volume (PCV) values within the normal range (37-55%). Dogs infected with only haemoparasites or those with both haemo- and intestinal parasites had significantly lower (P

Comparative Performance of Broiler Fed Diets Containing Raw and Processed Mucuna Seed Meal

The effects of raw and local processing methods on the nutritive value of Mucuna utilis seeds fed in diets to broiler performance were investigated. The processing methods were: seeds were soaked for 24 h in plain water, cooking of 24-h pre-soaked seeds for 60 min and cooking in a solution of potash (kanwa, trona) for 60 min. Five experimental diets were formulated such that diet 1 contained no mucuna (control), while raw, soaked, pre-soaked and cooked and cooked-in-potash mucuna seed meal were included at 20% dietary levels respectively. One hundred and fifty (150) 0ne-week old (Anak, 2000) broiler chicks were randomly assigned to the experimental diets in a completely randomized design. There were 3 replicates of the 5 treatme nts and 10 birds per replicate. 22% Crude Protein (CP) diets were fed during the starter phase and 20%CP diets during the finisher phase. Feed and water were supplied ad libitum throughout the 8-week trial period. At the end of the feeding trial, 3 birds were selected from replicates and slaughtered for carcass and blood evaluation. The different processing methods caused percentage reductions in Crud e Protein (CP) and ether extract but increased the gross energy and ash content of the seeds. Cooking of pre- soaked beans and cooking in potash solution significantly (p<0.05) reduced most of the antinutrient factor contents of the seeds. During the starter phase, average fed intake and feed conversion efficiency f birds on cooked mucuna seed diets were similar to the control group. At the finisher phase better performance in terms of weight gain, feed conversion efficiency, protein efficiency ratio were significantly (p<0.05) achieved with a 25% reduction in cost of feed per kilogram gain in the group fed seeds cooked for 60 minutes diet. Birds on cooked mucuna seed diets had comparable dressing percentage, empty gizzard, liver, pancreas spleen and lungs weights with the birds fed the control diet. The packed cell volume, haemoglobin and white blood cell count values of the birds on the cooked mucuna diets were significantly similar to the control group.

Intravenous administration of tramadol hydrochloride in sheep: a haematological and biochemical study

Tramadol is a synthetic, centrally acting opioid analgesic. This drug is a μ-opioid agonist that also inhibits the reuptake of noradrenaline and serotonin. The present study was carried out to investigate the effects of this drug on blood profile, hepatic enzymes activities and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) in sheep. For this purpose, ten healthy non-pregnant Lory ewes were used. Before the experiment, three blood samples were taken from the jugular vein as a control; ewes were then randomly divided into two groups. The test group was given tramadol IV (5 mg/kg) for five consecutive days; group 2, the sham group, was given normal saline IV (5 mg/kg) for the same time period. The results of present study showed that short-term injection of tramadol causes significant change in red blood cell count and packed cell volume value. However, level of serum activities of hepatic enzymes and BUN remained unaltered. In conclusion, these results suggest that although short-term use of tramadol may have no toxic effects on the liver and kidney, its effects on the blood profile should be kept in mind.

High-pressure thermo-elastic properties of beryl (Al4Be6Si12O36) from ab initio calculations, and observations about the source of thermal expansion

Ab initio calculations of thermo-elastic properties of beryl (Al4Be6Si12O36) have been carried out at the hybrid HF/DFT level by using the B3LYP and WC1LYP Hamiltonians. Static geometries and vibrational frequencies were calculated at different values of the unit cell volume to get static pressure and mode-γ Gruneisen’s parameters. Zero point and thermal pressures were calculated by following a standard statistical-thermodynamics approach, within the limit of the quasi-harmonic approximation, and added to the static pressure at each volume, to get the total pressure (P) as a function of both temperature (T) and cell volume (V). The resulting P(V, T) curves were fitted by appropriate EoS’, to get bulk modulus (K 0) and its derivative (K′), at different temperatures. The calculation successfully reproduced the available experimental data concerning compressibility at room temperature (the WC1LYP Hamiltonian provided K 0 and K′ values of 180.2 Gpa and 4.0, respectively) and the low values observed for the thermal expansion coefficient. A zone-centre soft mode $$ P6/mcc \to P\bar{1} $$ phase transition was predicted to occur at a pressure of about 14 GPa; the reduction of the frequency of the soft vibrational mode, as the pressure is increased, and the similar behaviour of the majority of the low-frequency modes, provided an explanation of the thermal behaviour of the crystal, which is consistent with the RUM model (Rigid Unit Model; Dove et al. in Miner Mag 59:629–639, 1995), where the negative contribution to thermal expansion is ascribed to a geometric effect connected to the tilting of rigid polyhedra in framework silicates.

Measurement of the thickness and volume of adherent cells using transmission-through-dye microscopy

Cell volume is one of the basic characteristics of a cell and is being extensively studied in relationship to a variety of processes, such as proliferation, apoptosis, fertility, or locomotion. At the same time, its measurement under a microscope has not been well developed. The method we propose uses negative transmission contrast rendered to cells by a strongly absorbing dye present in the extracellular medium. Cells are placed in a shallow compartment, and a nontoxic and cell-impermeant dye, such as acid blue 9, is added to the medium. Transmission images are collected at the wavelength of maximum dye absorption (630nm). Where the cell body displaces the dye, the thickness of the absorbing layer is reduced; thus, an increase in cell thickness produces brighter images and vice versa. The absolute values for cell thickness and volume can be easily extracted from the image by computing the logarithm of intensity and dividing it by the absorption coefficient. The method is fast, impervious to instability of the light source, and has a high signal-to-noise ratio; it can be realized either on a laser scanning or a conventional microscope equipped with a bandpass filter. For long-term experiments, we use a Bioptechs perfusion chamber fitted with a 0.03-mm spacer and an additional port to enable rapid switching of solutions. To show possible applications of this method, we investigated the kinetics of the cell volume response to a hypotonic buffer and to the apoptotic agents staurosporine and ionomycin.

Differences in Hemoglobin and Packed Cell Volume in Blood Collected from Different Sites in Japanese Quail (Coturnix japonica)

Hemoglobin (Hb) and Packed Cell Volume (PCV) values were compared in blood collected from the following four sites of the Japanese quail: jugular, brachial, medial metatarsal veins and the heart. Ten 25-week-old hatch-mate layers of similar body weight having a hard shelled egg in the uterus were used in this study. Hb and PCV values were found to be the highest in the medial metatarsal vein followed by, in descending order, the brachial vein, the jugular vein and the heart. The heart had significantly lower values (p<0.05) compared with the jugular, brachial and medial metatarsal veins with the latter two having almost similar values. Blood samples from the jugular vein exhibited the least variability compared to other sites. The brachial vein followed by the jugular vein, were found to be suitable sites for blood sampling as well as for making injections without any significant complication. The heart puncture technique was very risky, traumatic and resulted in many side effects and should not be used, particularly in on-going experiments. Scientists should be aware of possible differences in blood constituents as a result of sampling sites. For obtaining accurate and reliable results, these points should be taken into consideration while designing an experiment or assessing comparative hematological data collected using different collection techniques.

Parâmetros hematológicos do roedor fossorial Ctenomys lami (Rodentia, Ctenomidae) no estado do Rio Grande do Sul

O perfil hematológico sanguíneo foi determinado em três populações de Ctenomys lami, em áreas denominadas A e B, impactadas pela bovinocultura, e C, sem impacto antrópico, ambas no sul do Brasil. Sessenta e dois animais foram coletados ao total. Os valores de hematócrito (Ht), hemoglobina (Hb) e eritrócitos apresentaram diferenças significativas entre machos e fêmeas. Os valores médios de Ht e a Hb encontrados na espécie foram mais baixos em comparação com os de outras espécies de roedores subterrâneos, podendo estes valores estarem relacionados ao habitat de forrageio ou às características do solo. Também foram encontradas diferenças significativas nas médias de hemoglobina, CHCM e linfócitos em animais das áreas A e B em relação à área C. O valor da média dos hematócritos dos animais entre as áreas foi mais elevado nas áreas A e B, porém significativamente diferentes entre A e C. Algumas dessas alterações sugerem a relação dos valores encontrados com o estresse dos animais em relação a áreas impactadas. Variações significativas no VCM foram encontradas entre os animais das áreas A e C, e também nas plaquetas destes entre as áreas A e B. Não foram observados Corpúsculo de Kurloff no sangue dos animais analisados. Os valores hematológicos encontrados nesses espécimes de Ctenomys lami fornecem informações importantes sobre a espécie e podem ser úteis em outras pesquisas.

Serum ferritin levels in children with malaria anaemia in Ibadan

This study assessed the serum ferritin levels in plasma samples from children (4 – 74 months old) admitted for malaria at the Adeoyo Maternity Hospital (Beere) Ibadan, Oyo State, using a sandwich-ELISA. These values were compared with malaria parasitemia, MSP-1 antibody titre and packed cell volume values previously obtained through standard methods. Statistical analyses were carried out using SPSS, Excel and Epi-Calc software. Results showed that theserum ferritin level in the population ranged in from 363ng/ml to 1000ng/ml, with a mean value of 630ng/ml. There was a negative correlation between serum ferritin levels and the packed cellvolume, and malaria parasitemia in the children; while the serum ferritin levels increased with increasing malaria antibodies. There was no significant difference in the mean levels of ferritin in anaemic and non-anaemic children. Serum ferritin concentration decreased with increasing age in children with malaria. Gender was found to have no significant association with serum ferritin levels in children with malaria anaemia.

Bovine trypanosomosis and its vectors in two districts of Bench Maji zone, South Western Ethiopia

A cross-sectional study was carried out from November 2008 to February 2009 in Guraferda and Sheko districts of Bench Maji Zone, South Western Ethiopia. The objective of the study was to determine the prevalence of bovine trypanosomosis and the density of its vectors. An overall prevalence of trypanosome infection in the study area was 4.4%. Trypanosoma congolense (36.36%) was the dominant trypanosome species followed by Trypanosoma vivax (18.18%) and Trypanosoma brucei (9.09%). Mean packed cell volume value of parasitemic animals (21.8%) was significantly (P<0.05) lower than that of aparasitemic animals (27.7%). Biconical and NGU traps were deployed for 72 h, and the result indicated Glossina pallidipes followed by Glossina fuscipes as the only tsetse fly species caught in the study area along with other biting flies like Stomoxys and Tabanus. The apparent density of tsetse flies was 2.83 flies trap(-1) day(-1). NGU trap caught more of G. pallidipes while biconical trap caught more G. fuscipes, and the difference was significant (P<0.05). Although the current study indicated low prevalence of trypanosomosis in the study area, the impacts of trypanosomosis on cattle production and productivity should not be neglected. Therefore, attention should be given to control the disease and also the vector.

Effect of probiotics supplementation of cassava-groundnut cake meal based diet on the performance, nutrient digestibility and haematology in starting pigs

In a 56 days feeding trial, eighteen starting pigs with initial body weight of 6.78 ± 0.5 kg were assigned randomly to 2 dietary treatment groups of nine pigs each (3 pens of 3 pigs each). Diet I was the control, which was not supplemented with probiotics, while Diet II was supplemented with 0.05% probiotics (probiotics contained Saccharomycescerevisae and Lactobacillus sporogenes) into the control diet at the expense of wheat bran. Diets and water were offered on ad libitum basis. Starting pigs responded nonsignificantly (p> 0.05) to probiotics supplementation in body weight gain, feed conversion ratio and feed intake. Similarly, wet and dry matter faecal output, dry matter, crudeprotein and crude fat digestibilities, packed cell volume, erythrocytes and leukocytes values were not significantly influenced by probiotics supplementation, whereas crude ash digestibility was significantly (p = 0.03) improved by probiotics supplementation. It was concluded that probiotics has no pronounced effect on the growth rate and nutrient digestibility of starting pigs in a cassava-groundnut cake meal based diet, however beneficial effect could be expected in terms of mineral metabolism. Similarly, the health status of starting pigs is not adversely affected by probiotics supplementation of cassava-groundnut cake meal based diet.

Changes in haematological indices and protein concentrations in Trypanosoma brucei infected rats treated with homidium chloride and diminazene aceturate.

Anaemia and immunosuppresion have been shown to be a cardinal feature in African trypanosomosis. In this study, we have evaluated and compared the capacity of two registered veterinary trypanocides Novidium® (homidium chloride) and Berenil® (diminazene aceturate) to reduce haematological and biochemical lesions in rats experimentally infected with T. brucei. Packed cell volume (PCV), lymphocyte and eosinophil values in infected negative control group were significantly different and lower compared to positive control group as well as infected animals treated with homidium chloride and diminazene aceturate (P<0.05). Also the white blood cell (WBC) and neutrophil counts in the negative control group were lower and significantly different from the other groups indicating evidence of infection-induced immunosuppresion. Haematological indices in infected rats treated with homidium chloride and diminazene aceturate were higher (P<0.05) than obtained in infected negative control group and significantly different from positive control (P<0.05). Total protein and albumin concentrations in infected negative control group were higher and significantly different from control and treated animals (P<0.05). In contrast, significantly lower values were obtained for albumin concentrations in treated animals compared to both negative and positive control groups (P<0.05). Results suggest that drugs administered have capacity to improved blood components as well as reverse immunosuppressive action of infecting trypanosomes.

Hb Den Haag [β45(CD4)Phe→Tyr]. A New Hemoglobin Variant Observed During Early Pregnancy Diagnostics

During a second pilot study, intended to explore the possibility of a country wide implementation of carrier diagnostics for hemoglobinopathies in The Netherlands, we observed a new abnormal hemoglobin (Hb) variant in three members of a family of Scandinavian origin living in the Dutch city of The Hague (Den Haag). The proband, a 34-year-old female presented with low Hb, packed cell volume (PCV) and red blood cell (RBC) values but was normocytic and normochromic. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis revealed a partially separated fraction following Hb A. Molecular diagnostics disclosed a TTT>TAT transversion at HBB:c.137 causing a Phe→Tyr single amino acid substitution at position 45 of the β-globin gene. Previously described heterozygous mutations at the same position [Hb Cheverly (Phe→Ser) and Hb Arta (Phe→Cys)] were reported to be associated with mild chronic hemolysis similar to this case. We describe the hematological features of the six family members, the biochemical and molecular data and we discuss the possible consequences in combination with the common β-thalassemia (β-thal) trait.

Effects of Aqueous Bulb Extract of Allium sativum (Garlic) on Hematological and Biochemical Parameters in Rabbits: Experimental Trypanosoma brucei ssp. brucei Infection

The influence of aqueous bulb extract of garlic, Allium sativum L., on hematological and biochemical parameters was investigated in rabbits infected with trypanosomosis. Blood samples collected 13 days after infection with trypanosomosis indicated that rabbits treated with the garlic extract had significantly higher packed cell volume (PCV) values compared with infected rabbits not treated with garlic. In addition, rabbits treated with garlic extract before, concurrently, and after inoculation with trypanosomosis had lower white blood cell (WBC) counts and higher red blood cell (RBC) counts than infected rabbits that did not receive garlic extract. Treatment of infected rabbits with garlic extract decreased the WBC count compared with the infected animals not treated with garlic, similar to that of Berenil®. RBC count in infected rabbits was increased in those animals treated with garlic extract and with Berenil. Whether treated with garlic extract or Berenil, all the infected rabbits had lower blood glucose levels then the noninfected animals. Total protein and the transaminases aspartate amino transferase (ASAT) and alanine amino transferase (ALAT) were lower in infected rabbits treated with garlic extract or Berenil compared with infected rabbits not treated with garlic or Berenil, suggestive of the therapeutic effectiveness of the plant extract.

Infection by Trypanosoma vivax in goats and sheep in the Brazilian semiarid region: From acute disease outbreak to chronic cryptic infection

A study was undertaken to investigate the role of Trypanosoma vivax in sheep and goat mortality and abortions in the Brazilian semiarid region, where outbreaks had been previously reported in bovines. For this purpose, 177 goats and 248 sheep (20% of herds) were randomly sampled on four farms in the State of Paraiba in May and October 2008. The animals were screened for trypanosomes by the buffy coat technique (BCT) and PCR. Infected animals, ∼25% in both surveys, manifested apathy, pale mucous membranes, enlarged lymph nodes, weakness, weight loss, opacity of the cornea, blindness and abortion. However, the animals with acute and severe disease showing the highest levels of parasitemia and fever, which many times resulted in death, were only detected in the first survey. These severely diseased animals exhibited progressive weight loss and had the smallest packed cell volume (PCV) values. During survey 2, done in October 2008 on the same farms, only animals with low parasitemia and normal temperatures, PCV values and body weights were detected. Therefore, animals that spontaneously recovered from acute infection developed chronic and asymptomatic disease. This finding demonstrated for the first time that sheep and goats, which are the most important livestock in the semiarid region of Brazil, may be severely injured by T. vivax infection and also play a role as asymptomatic carriers and important sources of T. vivax to ruminants in general.

Hematology and Serum Chemistry Values for Free-ranging Florida Panther Neonates with a Comparison to Adult Panther Values

Hematologic and serum chemistry values were determined for 25 free-ranging Florida panther (Puma concolor couguar) neonates from southern Florida sampled from January 2001 to April 2007. The kittens were < or = 25 days old, belonging to 12 litters, from 11 different dams. Forty-one blood samples also were collected from 32 free-ranging adult panthers (3-10 yr-old) from southern Florida from November 2000 to February 2007. Male kittens had higher hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit (HCT), and red blood cell (RBC) counts than did female kittens. Neonates had higher mean serum values of total bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, cholesterol, calcium, phosphorus, triglycerides, and magnesium than adult panthers but lower mean values of urea nitrogen, creatinine, total protein, albumin, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, sodium, chloride, creatine kinase, amylase, and total globulin. Neonates also had higher mean values of mean cell volume, mean cell hemoglobin, mean cell hemoglobin concentration, platelets, and the number of lymphocytes and monocytes but lower Hb, HCT, white blood cell count, RBC count, and neutrophils than adult panthers. No other significant differences in serum chemistry or hematology were noted between neonates and adults.

Haematology, cytochemical and ultrastructural characteristics of blood cells in leopard (Panthera pardus)

The leopard (Panthera pandus) is an endangered Asian big cat found in Thailand and also listed in the CITES, Appendix 1. Blood samples from 17 leopards (six males and 11 females) were collected from the cephalic vein for haematology, cytochemical and ultrastructural studies. Red blood cells (RBCs) were slightly anisocytosis, ranged 5–6.5 μm with 5.6 μm mean diameter. They were easy to form rouleaux, blunt end crenation and some RBCs contained Heinz bodies. The male leopards had a significantly higher packed cell volume (39.3 ± 7.5%) values and absolute eosinophil number (1.658 ± 1.483 × 109/l) than the females (30.7 ± 3.2%; 0.965 ± 0.611 × 109/l). The cytochemical results were: sudanophilia and myeloperoxidase in neutrophils and some monocytes; nonspecific esterase (alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase, ANAE) in the granules of eosinophils, some lymphocytes, some monocytes and platelets; beta-glucuronidase (βG) in granules of basophils, monocytes and some lymphocytes. The ANAE and βG reaction were detected inter-granular of eosinophils. More detailed morphological aspects of all blood cells were observed by means of scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The many round granules and homogeneous content under TEM were characteristics of leopard eosinophils. The engulfed RBCs by neutrophils were detected under TEM in one male leopard. This study provides a guide for the haematology, identification of the morphology, cytochemistry and ultrastructure of blood cells in leopards that is useful for zoological veterinarians in leopard conservation.

Assessment of iron and zinc intake and related biochemical parameters in an adult Mediterranean population from southern Spain: influence of lifestyle factors

Abstract This study assessed factors influencing iron and zinc intake and associated biochemical parameters in an adult population from southern Spain to identify patterns of intake and groups at risk for deficiency. A cross-sectional survey was done in Andalusia (southern Spain) to study nutrient intakes in a random sample of 3421 subjects (1747 men, 1674 women, age between 25 and 60 years). Blood samples were obtained for biochemical assays in a random subsample of 354 subjects (170 men, 184 women). Food consumption was assessed by 48-h recall. In blood samples, we measured red blood cells, haemoglobin (Hb), haematocrit, total iron binding capacity (TIBC) and plasma concentration of Fe and Zn. Information about educational level, smoking habit, alcohol consumption and physical exercise was collected with a structured questionnaire. Intakes were below two thirds of the recommended dietary allowances (RDA) in 22.45% of the sample for Fe and in 56.45% for Zn. Iron deficiency [two or more abnormal values for plasma Fe, TIBC, transferrin saturation and mean cell volume (MCV)] was found in 12.7% of the sample, and iron-deficient anaemia (low values for Hb, MCV, mean cell Hb and mean corpuscular Hb concentration) was found in 2.1%. In smokers, plasma levels of Fe were higher, and MCV was lower than in nonsmokers. Plasma Zn concentrations were below the reference value in 17.8% of the persons. Age and body mass index correlated inversely with plasma Zn ( P<.01). Gender, age, obesity, smoking, alcohol consumption and physical activity were associated with differences in nutrient intakes. Logistic regression analysis showed that female gender and older age were associated with the risk of low intakes of Fe and Zn.