Cell Phone Users Research Articles

The Effect of Postural Correction and Exercise on Neck Pains in Cell Phone Users

The Effect of Postural Correction and Exercise on Neck Pains in Cell Phone Users

The relationship between smartphone addiction and depression among university students in Karachi: a cross-sectional study

Background: Pakistan demographic and health survey (PDHS) estimated extensive ownership of cell phones in Pakistan with 94.7% in the urban population. Pakistan Advertiser Company reported 77 % of cell phone users aged between 21-30 years. Although, no research was conducted with university population for addiction and depression, so this study aims to find the link between Smartphone addiction and depression in SZABIST University students of Karachi, Pakistan.Methods: Cross-sectional study was conducted with self-assessment tools, comprised of three sections: socio-demographic information, smartphone addiction scale-short version (SAS-SV) and Beck’s depression inventory-II (BDI-II). Responses for SAS-SV were rated on a 6-point Likert scale and BDI-II was summated on range 0-60. Percentages mean score was commuted for SAS-SV; the mean score was computed and categorized for BDI-II. Descriptive statistics and regression analysis were used for data analysis. Statistical significance was set at p<0.01.Results: Total participants were N=225, of which 140 (62.2%) were males and 85 (35.8%) were females. The mean±SD of their ages were 20.9±2.9. Age was found insignificant with depression after applying multiple linear regressions. Mean score of SAS-SV was 54.8±17.2, and BDI-II was13.4±9.6, which showed a significant positive association (OR, 0.241; 95% CI, 0.2 to 0.3; p<0.001). Prior adjusting coefficient, males were speculated having a higher level of depression.Conclusions: A significant positive correlation was found between Smartphone addiction and depression, among University Students of SZABIST. Control smartphones usage is advised for undergraduate students as they are more prone to depression compared to postgraduate students.

DETERMINATION OF OPTIMAL LOCATION FOR SETTING UP CELL PHONE TOWER IN CITY ENVIRONMENT USING LIDAR DATA

Abstract. Cell phones have become an inherent part of human life and have grown rapidly in the last decade. In India, there are nearly 120 crore cell phone users which require setting up of cell phone tower at an appropriate location to transmit the signals. A signal strength that is measured in (dBm) keeps on varying from one location to another. Over the decades, there has been a great deal of concern about placing a cell phone tower to manage adequate signal strength for an area. During transmission, the signals get affected by the position of building, ground and the distances the signals need to travel before reaching any receiver or user location. Existing researches focus on the requirement of a suitable number of cell phone towers for a big area in a GIS environment. Depending on the building and other infrastructure present in an area an optimal location can be determined for setting up the cell phone tower. However, the detailed 3D data is required for it. In this paper, a LiDAR-based technique is attempted. Using the point cloud data of the RGIPT campus, features like building, ground, obstruction points, etc are extracted. To determine the transmission paths for the signal, building/object boundary(es), etc. coming in the path(s) between the cell phone tower and the receiver location are determined. Once the detailed paths for the signal transmission i.e, direct path, or path after diffraction (around the buildings), and/or reflection (from the wall and ground) are determined, terrain parameters (distance, path difference, attenuation, etc) are ascertained. These are then used to model and determine the relative signal strength for any receiver location. The position of cell phone tower is then tested for optimal XY, and Z position to ascertain the best location for setting up the cell phone tower. The method is verified against various path determination algorithms. A centroid and viewshed based approach is adopted here. The technique is generic, novel and essentially work with LiDAR point data without needing DEM and can be applied for any terrain condition.

The Effect of Cell Phones on Attention and Learning in Nursing Students.

The use of cell phones can have a negative effect on nursing students' academic performance. The purpose of this study was to identify the effects that problematic cell phone use and nomophobia have on learning in nursing students. A quasi-experimental study was carried out among nursing students, with a control group (n = 61, 49.2%) and an experimental group (n = 63, 50.8%). The experimental group left their cell phones, in sound or vibration mode, as they normally kept them, on a table located in the corner of the classroom. Both groups showed higher-than-average levels of nomophobia at the beginning of the class. As for problematic cell phone use and attention, it was found that there were statistically significant differences in both cases (U = 1355.500, Z = -2.830, P = .005; U = 1449.000, Z = -2.363, P = .018, respectively), and the experimental group had higher average scores, as well as in those related to knowledge. A relationship has been found between nomophobia and problematic cell phone use. Students who do not have access to their cell phones during class perceive more problematic cell phone usage, in addition to paying closer attention during class. Because of this, it is important to create policies and norms restricting cell phone use during all types of academic training among nursing students.

Road Injuries Associated With Cellular Phone Use While Walking or Riding a Bicycle or an Electric Bicycle: A Case-Crossover Study.

Vulnerable road users (pedestrians, bicyclists, and motorcyclists) account for an increasing proportion of traffic injuries. We used a case-crossover study design to examine the association between cell-phone usage and traffic injuries among pedestrians, bicyclists, and electric bicycle riders during the course of their travel. We studied 643 pedestrians, bike riders, and electric bike riders aged 10-35 years who were involved in a road injury, visited the emergency department in one of the 3 hospitals in Shanghai, China, in 2019, and owned a cell phone. Half of the participants (n=323; 50.2%) had used a cell phone within 1 minute before the injury happened. A pedestrian's or rider's use of a mobile phone up to 1 minute before a road injury was associated with a 3-fold increase in the likelihood of injury (odds ratio = 3.00, 95% confidence interval: 2.04, 4.42; P<0.001). The finding was consistent across subgroups by sex, occupation, reason for travel, mode of transportation, and location of injury. Use of a cell phone when walking or riding was associated with an increased risk of road injury. Measures should be taken to make people aware of this detrimental impact on the risk of road injury.

The Impact and Perception of Cell Phone Usage in a Teaching Hospital Setting.

Objective:To evaluate perceptions regarding cell phone use in a teaching hospital setting among health care providers, residents, medical students, and patients.Methods:Fifty-three medical students, 41 resident physicians, 32 attending physicians, and 46 nurses working at University Hospital completed a questionnaire about cell phone use practices and their perceptions of cell phone use in the hospital. Forty-three inpatients admitted to medical/surgical units at University Hospital were surveyed at bedside about their perceptions regarding physicians’ cell phone use.Results:All health care providers identified cell phones as a risk to patient confidentiality with no specific group significantly more likely to attribute risk than another. Practitioners were identified as either primarily as inpatient or outpatient practitioners. Inpatient practitioners were significantly more likely to rate cell phones as beneficial to patient care than outpatient practitioners. Physicians were statistically more likely to rate mobile phones as beneficial to patient care as compared to nurses. Among the patient population surveyed, one quarter noted that their physician had used a cell phone in their presence. The majority of those patients observing practitioner cell phone use had reported a beneficial or neutral impact on their care. Significance: Perceived risk of cell phones to patient confidentiality was equal across health care providers surveyed. Physician and medical students were significantly more likely to rate cell phones as beneficial to patients’ care than nurse providers. Patients indicated that their physicians used cell phones in their presence at low rates and reported that the use was either neutral or beneficial to the care they received.

Emergency Response Times for Fatal Motor Vehicle Crashes, 1975–2017

Emergency response times are an important component of road safety outcomes. Research has shown that there are potential benefits from shortened response times in patient outcomes for motor vehicle crashes. While a safety analysis may identify a decrease in traffic fatalities, that decrease may be a result of improved road safety or it may simply reflect improved emergency response times. However, it is currently unclear how emergency response times have changed over the last few decades. With data from the Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS), we identify the national trend in emergency response times from 1975 through 2017. To control for changes in response time, we analyze crashes that resulted in an immediate death. Results suggest that emergency response times have improved by approximately 50% over this timeframe. Additionally, we analyze response time trends in three states (North Carolina, Georgia, and Louisiana) that had consistent data and large sample sizes, finding patterns similar to the national trend. Outcomes suggest higher response times in rural areas. High standard deviations of average response times observed from 2003 to 2008 indicate a need for improvement in data collection. Future work could aim to better understand and reduce response times specific to certain regions and understand the effect of the popularization of cell phone usage. Our findings have important implications for fatality-based traffic safety analyses. Improving response time could help continue the trend of reduced mortality rates caused by motor vehicle crashes in the United States.

Overview of development and regulatory aspects of high altitude platform system

High Altitude Platform (HAP) systems comprise airborne base stations deployed above 20 km and below 50 km to provide wireless access to devices in large areas. In this paper, two types of applications using HAP systems: one with HAP Station (HAPS) and the other with HAPS as International Mobile Telecommunication (IMT) Base Station (HIBS) are introduced. The HAP system with HAPS has already received wide recognition from the academia and the industry and is considered as an effective solution to provide internet access between fixed points in suburban and rural areas as well as emergencies. HAP systems with HIBS to serve IMT user terminal have just started to draw attention from researchers. The HIBS application is expected to be an anticipate mobile service application complementing the IMT requirement for cell phone or other mobile user terminals in which the service field of HAPS application cannot reach. After describing and characterizing the two types of systems, coexistence studies and simulation results using both the Power Fluxed Density (PFD) mask and separation distance based methods are presented in this paper. This paper also predicts future trends of the evolution paths for the HAP systems along with challenges and possible solutions from the standpoint of system architectures and spectrum regulation.

The Role of Psychological Factors in Older Adults' Readiness to Use eHealth Technology: Cross-Sectional Questionnaire Study.

BackgroundInformation and communication technology (ICT) use among older adults has been on the rise in recent years. However, the predictors and mechanisms behind older adults’ acceptance and use of ICT are not clear.ObjectiveThis study aimed to systematically describe ICT usage among Czech older adults and to evaluate the factors influencing their ICT use and readiness to use digital technology to promote health (eHealth readiness). The primary focus was on psychological factors and the role of persons close to older adults.MethodsThe research utilized cross-sectional survey data from a quota-based sample of Czech older adults (>50 years) and persons close to them further referred to as close persons (N=250 dyads). A structural equation modeling framework was used to evaluate relationships between psychological factors, ICT use, and eHealth readiness.ResultsCzech older adults’ use of ICT is low with the exception of cell phone usage (cell phone usage by 173/250, 69.2%; other devices used by 50/250, 20.0% of older adults or less). Apart from age (β=−.21; P<.001), eHealth readiness was predicted by ICT use (β=.65; P<.001). eHealth readiness was also indirectly affected by the need for cognitive closure (NFCC): individuals with a high need for closure perceived more barriers to ICT (β=.23; P=.01) and more reported barriers were linked to lower ICT usage (β=−.21; P=.001). The expected positive relationships between eHealth readiness of persons close to older adults and ICT use and eHealth readiness of older adults were not significant, but the total effect of eHealth readiness of persons close to older adults on eHealth readiness of older adults was positive and significant (β=.18; P=.01), indicating some level of influence of persons close to them on older adults’ attitudes and behaviors.ConclusionsThis study provided the first systematic examination of Czech older adults’ ICT usage and eHealth readiness. Novel predictors (NFCC and close persons’ variables) were evaluated and yielded actionable results. More research is needed to clarify the role of persons close to older adults.

Effect of Magnetic Fields during Pregnancy on Fetal Growth and Preterm Labor: A Review Article

Background Low birth weight is one of the most important health indicators in evaluating pregnancy care worldwide. We aimed to evaluate the effect of cell phones used in pregnancy on fetal growth and preterm labor. Materials and Methods The search process included screening the relevant articles on electronic databases of Scopus, EMBASE, Cochrane, Web of Science, and Medline to analyze the association of maternal exposure to magnetic fields with fetal growth, birth weight, small-for-gestational-age (SGA), and preterm labor. Results In the first study, the duration of pregnancy was shorter for mothers using cell phones for more than one hour per day than those use shorter than one hour. In the second study, the intermediate use of cell phones by mothers indicated an increased risk of preterm birth. In the third study, the birth weight were lower in excessive cell phone users than normal status. In the fourth study, low, medium, and high cell phone exposure during the six months before conception had no effect on low birth weight, preterm birth, and SGA.In the fifth study, a negative correlation was observed between magnetic fields expose during pregnancy and the birth week, birth weight, and birth length of the newborn. In the sixth study, the risk of low birth weight, preterm birth, and SGA was close to null. In the seventh study, dental radiography during pregnancy was associated with low birth weight, specifically with term low birth weight. Conclusion In general, there are contradictory findings on the impact of cell phone exposure during pregnancy. These results should be interpreted with caution because of the small sample size and recall bias.

Automated Greenhouse Monitoring and Controlling System using Sensors and Solar Power

In traditional farming, farmer has to visit the farming land regularly to measure the various environmental parameters such as temperature, humidity, light intensity and soil moisture to cultivate the right crops at right time in right soil. Even though this traditional farming system have been used for years, the system is hectic and fail to prove high productivity rate as farmer usually unable to measure all the parameter accurately [1]. In contrast, greenhouse farming is a system where farmer cultivate crops in ecosystem environments where all environmental parameters are adjusted based on crops types. Automation in greenhouse is a method where farmer is able to monitor and control the greenhouse environment automatically from anywhere in the world any time [3]. In this paper, authors proposed an automated greenhouse monitoring and controlling system that incorporate various sensors such as temperature sensor, humidity sensor, light sensor and soil moisture sensor to collect possible environmental parameters of greenhouse as well as integrate Arduino Uno R3 (to store and process data), GSM module (to send the measured value of the various parameters to the user cell phone via SMS to ensure efficient growth of plants), solar power system with rechargeable battery (to make sure continuous power supply to the greenhouse system). Moreover, Internet of Things (IoT) is used to store data to a database and process the collected data and finally send the information to the android apps which has been developed for monitoring and controlling of greenhouse by the user. Moreover, the authors compared the proposed greenhouse model with some recent works and found the proposed system cost effective, efficient and effective by analyzing major environmental parameters. Finally, authors analyze the cost associated with the deployment of proposed greenhouse model which depict quite affordable for farmers and worth deploying.

An Automated Greenhouse Monitoring and Controlling System using Sensors and Solar Power

In traditional farming, farmer has to visit the farming land regularly to measure the various environmental parameters such as temperature, humidity, light intensity and soil moisture to cultivate the right crops at right time in right soil. Even though this traditional farming system have been used for years, the system is hectic and fail to prove high productivity rate as farmer usually unable to measure all the parameter accurately [1]. In contrast, greenhouse farming is a system where farmer cultivate crops in ecosystem environments where all environmental parameters are adjusted based on crops types. Automation in greenhouse is a method where farmer is able to monitor and control the greenhouse environment automatically from anywhere in the world any time [3]. In this paper, authors proposed an automated greenhouse monitoring and controlling system that incorporate various sensors such as temperature sensor, humidity sensor, light sensor and soil moisture sensor to collect possible environmental parameters of greenhouse as well as integrate Arduino Uno R3 (to store and process data), GSM module (to send the measured value of the various parameters to the user cell phone via SMS to ensure efficient growth of plants), solar power system with rechargeable battery (to make sure continuous power supply to the greenhouse system). Moreover, Internet of Things (IoT) is used to store data to a database and process the collected data and finally send the information to the android apps which has been developed for monitoring and controlling of greenhouse by the user. Moreover, the authors compared the proposed greenhouse model with some recent works and found the proposed system cost effective, efficient and effective by analyzing major environmental parameters. Finally, authors analyze the cost associated with the deployment of proposed greenhouse model which depict quite affordable for farmers and worth deploying.

Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Masyarakat Menggunakan Aplikasi Lapor Polisi Kita di Kabupaten Sleman

The Republic of Indonesia Special Region of Yogyakarta Police (Polda DIY) launched a Polisi Kita Application program as a means to provide services to the community based on real-time online. The purpose of this study is to analyze the factors that influence the application of e-government to the use of the Polisi Kita Application program in the Yogyakarta Regional Police in 2018. The theory used to analyze this phenomenon is the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) theory. This research uses quantitative research methods. The number of research respondents was 99 respondents who were taken using Accidental Sampling techniques and processed using SmartPLS 3.0 Software. The results of this study state that the discovery of factors that influence online-based public services using UTAUT theory is proven to have a significant influence on the use of public services. Based on the results of the analysis in finding the strength of the relationship between variables X and Y found the highest correlation coefficient results in the Behavioral Intention variable with the Ut variable. E-service (Our Police Report) is (0.920). The Police Application We get a good response from the public regarding the ease of using the Police Application. To be able to maintain and improve performance, the Yogyakarta Regional Police should add a feature to verify the user's cellphone number via SMS or email so that the level of security of the user's report is better.

Do drivers reduce their speed when texting on highways? A replication study using European naturalistic driving data

Cell phone usage, especially texting while driving is common among drivers globally. Various experimental studies indicate that drivers compensate for the increased demand by reducing speed. However, naturalistic driving data analyses reveal only small changes in speed. For example, in an analysis of the SHRP 2 naturalistic driving data, only a small speed adjustment was identified when texting while driving on a free-flow interstate (Schneidereit et al., 2017). The present study’s objective was to replicate these findings using European data. In addition, the study sought to determine the overall secondary task prevalence while highway driving. A total of 1000 randomly selected highway driving episodes were manually annotated. For the identified visual-manual cell phone interactions (further subsumed into “texting”), driving speed was compared between the 10 s before and 10 s after initiating (concluding) texting. We focused on free-flow driving episodes to minimize factors that could potentially confound drivers’ speed choice, which resulted in 147 texting events. Drivers engaged in at least one secondary task in 57% of the annotated trip segments. In most events, drivers adjusted controls, used the cell phone and interacted with passengers. Moreover, speed adjustments while texting were found. Drivers reduced their speed by more than 2 km/h after initiating texting and regained their speed after concluding texting. These effects were greater than the ones found with the SHRP 2 data, indicating that European drivers self-regulate to a greater extent than US drivers. Reasons for this discrepancy (e.g., possible differences in road infrastructure) are discussed.

Effects of mobile phones electromagnetic radiation on patients with epilepsy: an EEG study

BackgroundRecently, an exceptional increase was witnessed in cell phone users. The brain has greater exposure to the electromagnetic field (EMF) created during mobile phone use than the rest of the body, which may impair its function. In persons with epilepsy, the brain has more tendencies towards electrical instability.ObjectivesThe current study aims at investigating the effect of mobile phone radiation (MPR) on the electroencephalogram (EEG) of persons with epilepsy as well as healthy adults.Subjects and methodsThirty patients with idiopathic epilepsy and 30 matching controls underwent EEG recording including 15 min of sham exposure followed by 30 min of real exposure to MPR and a final post-exposure recording for extra 15 min. The number of abnormal EEG events was counted during sham and real exposure for each subject. Correlation analysis was done between the number of epileptic events detected during the real exposure to MPR and the patients’ clinical dataResultsIn the control group, the EEG under real MPR exposure showed no abnormal discharges. In persons with epilepsy, all those with abnormal EEG during sham exposure MPR (33%) showed an increase in the number of events with real exposure to MPR. One patient showed a change in the pattern of discharge from interictal changes to an ictal rhythm. Another patient with normal EEG during sham record developed temporal epileptiform discharges during real exposure.ConclusionMobile phone radiation shows recognizable effects on the brain rhythm of persons with epilepsy. These results should be confirmed by future studies to establish a recommendation addressing the use of such devices in epileptic patients.

Intimidation and distraction in an exercise context

ABSTRACT The number of gymnasium, fitness centre, and health club memberships in the US has increased dramatically over the past decade. Those persons who exercise at such facilities can be inspired by a variety of factors to achieve certain performance outcomes. Despite their positive motivations, however, club members may be thwarted in their efforts to achieve desirable exercise outcomes. Deterrents to goal attainment can come in the form of various types of distraction. They can also manifest in terms of what has commonly been referred to as “gymtimidation.” More specifically, individuals may be reluctant to engage in exercise activities due to the presence of hardcore gym “regulars,” exercise “fanatics,” or “beautiful people” who engender negative social comparisons and therefore create an intimidating milieu. In addition, certain aspects of the contextual environment itself can lead to feelings of intimidation. We find that both intimidation and distraction negatively affect performance outcomes. However, distractions such as cell-phone usage can actually have positive consequences for the person being affected if the distraction helps to filter out other negative environmental (intimidating) stimuli.

Effects of Cell Phone Conversation on Visual and Auditory Reaction Time in Students of a Medical College in Bangalore

Background: In today’s era cell phone usage has become so rampant and its being used while doingdifferent task like driving, working in laboratory or office without realizing the distractions these cell phonecan cause. People are not aware of the consequences these distractions can lead to &amp; also the harmful effectsof electromagnetic radiations emitted by the cell phone.Objective: To study the distracting property of cell phone use by assessing the visual reaction time instudents of a medical college while conversing over the cell phone. To know the effect of long term use ofmobile phone on visual and auditory reaction time based on history of no of hrs of phone usage per day. Tofind out gender difference in VRT &amp; ART .Methodology: study population consist of 90 medical students, aged above 18yrs who were using mobilephones were selected randomly. After taking informed consent VRT &amp; ART was recorded using PC 1000reaction time apparatus .student was allowed to converse on phone for 5 min during which VRT wasrecorded. After completing the conversation, once again ART &amp; VRT was recorded. Data was analyzedstatistically using SPSS version 22.Results and Conclusion: Mean VRT was significantly high during conversation when compared toconversation before. In comparison with gender, males have faster reaction time compared to females.So we conclude that simultaneous use of cell phone causes distractions and reduces visual cognitionperformance leading to undesirable consequences. Dual tasking should be avoided and everyone should beeducated to use mobile phone cautiously.

The effect of modifiable lifestyle factors on semen quality

Introduction and objectivesTo examine the association between lifestyle factors (body mass index, smoking, alcohol consumption, coffee intake, physical activity, sauna and cell phone usage, wearing tight-fitting underwear), and conventional semen parameters. Materials and methods1311 participants who attended the Andrology Clinic were included in the study. All participants were separated into two groups as men with normozoospermia and dysspermia. All participants answered a questionnaire which contains questions about the modifiable lifestyle factors. The total risk scores were calculated after all the positive lifestyle factors had been counted. ResultsMen with normozoospermia and dysspermia consisted of 852 (65.0%) and 459 (35.0%) participants respectively. A negative relationship between the wearing of tight underwear and having normal semen parameters was detected between the two groups (p=0.004). While going to a sauna regularly was negatively related to semen concentration, wearing tight underwear was also related to both lower motility, normal morphology as well as semen concentration (p<0.05). While the total score of all participants was 5.22±1.34 point, there were no statistical differences between the two groups (p=0.332). It was found that having 3 more or fewer points was not related to any type of semen parameters and results of a spermiogram. ConclusionThe clinicians should give advice to infertile male patients about changing their risky lifestyle, for infertility, to a healthy lifestyle for fertility. Better designed studies, with larger sample sizes using conventional semen analysis with sperm DNA analysis methods, should be planned to identify the possible effects of lifestyle factors on semen quality.

An investigation on the link between driver demographic characteristics and distracted driving by using the SHRP 2 naturalistic driving data

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the influence of driver demographic characteristics on the driving safety involving cell phone usages. Design/methodology/approach A total of 1,432 crashes and 19,714 baselines were collected for the Strategic Highway Research Program 2 naturalistic driving research. The authors used a case-control approach to estimate the prevalence and the population attributable risk percentage. The mixed logistic regression model is used to evaluate the correlation between different driver demographic characteristics (age, driving experience or their combination) and the crash risk regarding cell phone engagements, as well as the correlation among the likelihood of the cell phone engagement during the driving, multiple driver demographic characteristics (gender, age and driving experience) and environment conditions. Findings Senior drivers face an extremely high crash risk when distracted by cell phone during driving, but they are not involved in crashes at a large scale. On the contrary, cell phone usages account for a far larger percentage of total crashes for young drivers. Similarly, experienced drivers and experienced-middle-aged drivers seem less likely to be impacted by the cell phone while driving, and cell phone engagements are attributed to a lower percentage of total crashes for them. Furthermore, experienced, senior or male drivers are less likely to engage in cell phone-related secondary tasks while driving. Originality/value The results provide support to guide countermeasures and vehicle design.

Identification and Assesment of the Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) Generated by the most used Telephone in Peru in 2017

According to the World Health Organization (WHO) it is estimated that between 5 and 10% of the population is electro sensitive, the excessive or prolonged exposure to electromagnetic waves can damage health. Currently the electromagnetic radiation generated by wireless mobile telephony involves our daily lives, since it is reported that there are more than 5 billion cell phone users. Each country establishes its own relative national standards on exposure to electromagnetic fields, which Peru lacks. Nevertheless, they are based in standards that has not been revised since 1996. This contribution seeks to identify the Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) generated by the most used mobile phone in Peru in 2017 using the ComoSAR measuring system in the GSM (Global System for Mobile communications) band at a frequency of 900 MHz. The results obtained will evaluate the behavior of electromagnetic waves by affecting the emulated tissues of body density and dielectric constant. The maximum SAR values recorded in the measurement were 0.05 W/Kg for a 1 g cube and 0.02 W/Kg for a 10 g cube. On the other hand, the average values obtained were 0.046 W/Kg for a 1 g cube and 0.019 W/Kg for a 10 g cube. The SAR values measured in the conditions of the experiment are below that what is indicated by the US standard and the European standard of SAR values.