The article analyzes the concepts and features of molecular genetics examination; in particular, the cases of its application during the martial law in Ukraine are identified. The analysis of scientific sources helped clarify the definition of the concept of "molecular genetics examination" as a type of forensic biological examination, which is engaged in the study of objects of human biological origin in order to establish their genetic characteristics. In particular, the work states that normative and legal regulation is carried out by a number of legislative acts, namely the Laws of Ukraine "On Forensic Expertise", "On Protection of Personal Data", the Civil Code of Ukraine, the Criminal Code of Ukraine, the Family Code of Ukraine, etc. and other by-laws. The analysis of these documents allowed us to state that there are gaps in our legislation in the form of the absence of a single normative act that would contain norms and rules regarding the process of molecular genetics examination. The object of molecular genetics examination is human DNA, namely the acids contained in the cell nucleus, this phenomenon is called nuclear DNA; acids that are in the mitochondria of cells - mitochondrial DNA. The work focuses on the fact that with the beginning of hostilities on the territory of Ukraine, the need for molecular genetics examination has increased significantly, because many soldiers and civilians who died cannot be identified due to a number of reasons: torture, murder etc. It should be noted that the bodies are distorted to such a state that it is difficult to recognize them independently, which is why experts are asked to conduct a molecular genetics examination. The article also presents examples of the use of molecular genetics examination during the full-scale war of the Russian Federation against Ukraine. It should be noted that in the period of hostilities, thanks to this type of examination, relatives are able to recognize and say goodbye to their loved ones who died in the war.