Celeriac Research Articles

Quality Optimization and Evaluation of New Cookie Product with Celery Root Powder Addition.

Combined drying, an energy-efficient method that includes osmotic pretreatment in molasses and shortened successive lyophilization, was used to obtain celery root powder and incorporate it in the formulation of cookies, with the aim of obtaining a new product. Wheat flour was substituted with combinedly dehydrated celery root powder at levels from 0 to 30%, and optimization of the amount of wheat flour substitution regarding technological, sensory and nutritive characteristics was performed. The optimal level of 20% substitution was determined using Z-score analysis, from the aspect of the best nutritive improvement and the mildest adverse impact on the technological and sensory quality. In the second research phase, comparison of the cookies with the 20% celery root powder substitution, dehydrated by different methods, indicated that combined dehydration showed upgraded results in terms of the overall quality of the final product, for 28.85 percentile points higher than cookies with lyophilized and for 65.24 percentile points higher than cookies with the addition of convectively dried celery root powder. The cookie containing celery powder previously osmodehydrated in molasses had higher contents of analyzed minerals (1.2-3.3 times), total phenols (10.8%) and antioxidant activities (14% for DPPH and 4% for ABTS) compared to the cookie with lyophilized powder.

The Use of Beetroot Juice as an Impregnating Solution to Change Volatile Compounds, Physical Properties and Influence the Kinetics of the Celery Drying Process.

The effect of different methods of drying celery root enriched with beet juice by vacuum impregnation (VI) was studied. The process of convection drying, vacuum drying and freeze drying was carried out. Compared to dried indigenous celery, dry impregnated tissue was characterized by lower values of dry matter, L* and b* color parameters, as well as higher values of water activity, density and a* color parameter. In addition, VI reduced the drying time. Forty Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) were found in celery, while fifty-one VOCs were found in the profile of celery with beetroot juice. The innovative method of vacuum impregnation made it possible to produce a new type of product with changed properties and a variable VOCs profile. The best fit of the drying process kinetics was achieved by using the logistic model. Increasing the temperature during convection drying resulted in shorter drying time, increased values of dry matter, reduced the water activity value and altered VOCs.

ISOLATION, PURIFICATION AND PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING OF POLYSACCHARIDE FRACTIONS FROM APIUM GRAVEOLENS’ L. BOTANICAL FORMS

The study of natural polysaccharides is an important area of research due to their pharmacological effects, including antiviral activity and the ability to regulate metabolic disorders. In addition, these polymeric structures realize several properties (sorption, shaping, transport (and delivery systems), which increases the interest of scientists in their isolation and analysis. This study aims to comparatively investigate the polysaccharide fractions in different botanical forms of celery odouriferous. The objectives of the study include the isolation of polysaccharide fractions, their purification by the Sevag method, estimation of monomeric composition of the fractions after acid hydrolysis by the HPTLC method, and determination of structural characteristics of the molecules by IR spectroscopy. Alcohol-soluble polysaccharides (ASPS), water-soluble polysaccharides (WSPS), and pectin substances (PS) were isolated from leaf, petiole, and root botanical forms of celery. After purification, the obtained substances were amorphous powders of light brown or light beige colour and odourless. The root botanical form of celery showed the highest yield of the target compounds (total (13.54±1.07)% after purification), while the petiole form (total (5.51±0.04)% after purification) showed the lowest yield. The monomeric composition of pectins and WSPS showed a predominance of galactose and arabinose, whereas the alcoholic ones showed a predominance of fructose and glucose. The interpretation of IR spectra showed the presence of absorption bands characteristic of free and bound carboxyl groups, C-O-C valence vibrations, α-configuration of the glycosidic bond, and C1-α-conformation of galacturonic acid in different polysaccharide fractions, which allows us to draw some conclusions regarding the structure of the substances. A comparative study of polysaccharide fractions of different botanical forms of odorous celery was carried out for the first time. Based on the results obtained, it is possible to single out WSPS and PS of celery root crops as the most promising phytosubstances for further development of products of functional, specialized nutrition and potential medicines on their basis. The methods of analysis used in the study can be proposed as part of the regulatory documentation for the control of these products.

Sorption and desorption isotherms of celery roots

An experimental study for determining the wet basis equilibrium moisture content in celery root (Apium graveolens) was conducted. Empirical equations describing the isotherms of sorption and desorption of the product at a temperature of 20°C were obtained. The values for the wet basis equilibrium moisture content for higher temperatures – 40, 60 and 80°C were theoretically calculated. All results were summarized in analytical, graphical and tabular form.

Evaluation of bioactive compounds, volatile compounds, drying process kinetics and selected physical properties of vacuum impregnation celery dried by different methods

We have developed a new healthy snack based on celery root enriched with vegetable juices. Vacuum impregnation was used the task of which was to introduce additional valuable substances, improving properties. Thus, prepared material was dried by various methods (sublimation, vacuum, convection) using optimal conditions for the process. In the tested sample, 41 bioactive compounds and 73 volatile compounds were identified. Vacuum impregnation of celery root in the juices of onion, kale and celery stalks significantly affected the profile of bioactive compounds, Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs), total phenolic content, antioxidant properties, drying process kinetics and physical properties of the dried products. The highest nutrient values were recorded in celery samples after impregnation with kale and onion juice. Due to its good functional and nutritional properties, the material such as celery obtained as a result vacuum impregnation process can be envisioned as the future in creating novel functional foods.

HEAVY METALS ACCUMULATION IN SOIL AND CELERY ROOT (APIUM GRAVEOLENS L.) HARVESTED FROM THE POLLUTED AREAS IN SIBIU COUNTY, CENTRAL ROMANIA

Heavy metals are harmful environmental contaminants that are mostly the result of human activities. Vegetable roots may easily absorb heavy metals, which can then accumulate up to high levels in the edible sections. The celery root is a vegetable that is frequently cultivated in individual gardens and its production in polluted soil might provide a risk to the consumer's health, not necessarily due to the amount ingested but rather due to the cumulative effect of long-term usage.
 The present study is aimed to estimate the bioaccumulation of heavy metals (cadmium, lead, copper, and zinc) from the soil in the celery root, harvested from 26 households located in the polluted areas (Axente Sever, Agârbiciu, Bazna, CopșaMică, Micăsasa, Șoala, and Târnava). Total soil (0-20 cm) and celery root heavy metals contents varied as follows: for Cd (soil = 0.10 mg/kg – 14.80 mg/kg; celery root = 0.058 mg/kg – 1.254 mg/kg); for Pb (soil = 28 mg/kg – 326 mg/kg; celery root = 0.022 mg/kg – 0.620 mg/kg); for Cu (soil = 25 mg/kg – 163 mg/kg; celery root = 0.60 mg/kg – 2.51 mg/kg); for Zn (soil = 117 mg/kg – 1076 mg/kg; celery root = 3.1 mg/kg – 11.7 mg/kg). The highest values of correlation coefficients were obtained for the regression curves established for the estimation of Cd, Pb, and Zn accumulation in celery root (r = 0.788 for Cd, r = 0.796 for Pb, and r = 0.656 for Zn). In the case of copper, the linear correlation coefficient is relatively low (r = 0.092).

Comparative study of the chemical composition and anti-proliferative activities of the aerial parts and roots of Apium graveolens L. (celery) and their biogenic nanoparticles

• The aerial parts and roots of celery showed potent antiproliferative effects against human tumor cells. • The secondary metabolites of both organs were explored by HPLC‒HESI‒HRMS metabolomics. • Potent cytotoxic nanoparticles were green synthesized from the extracts of both celery parts. • Molecular docking of the identified metabolites revealed their possible inhibition of GAK. • Celery and its biogenic nanoparticles are therefore relevant sources to functional food and drug development. Apiaceae plants are multipurpose folk remedies and bioactive foods that show a remarkable ability to biosynthesize a large number of secondary metabolites with antitumor and chemopreventive potential. Among the various members of the Apiaceae, celery ( Apium graveolens L.) has long been used as a popular edible and medicinal plant owing to its plentiful health benefits and nutraceutical properties; however, the anticancer potential of this important species has been seldom studied, mostly focusing on its seeds. Therefore, this work was designed to delve into the chemical composition and anti-proliferative potential of the total ethanolic extracts of the aerial parts (TEEAGA) and roots (TEEAGR) of A. graveolens var. dulce (Mill.) Pers. as well as their green synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). In general, both TEEAGA and TEEAGR exhibited moderate to potent inhibitory activities against human liver (HepG-2), colon (Caco-2), and breast (MCF-7) cancer cell lines, with interesting IC 50 profiles [(41.37 ± 0.12, 27.65 ± 0.27, and 9.48 ± 0.04 μg/mL) and (11.58 ± 0.02, 7.13 ± 0.03, and 6.58 ± 0.02 μg/mL), respectively] as compared with doxorubicin, while more pronounced anti-proliferative effects were observed for their biogenic AgNPs, which showed IC 50 values ranging between 25.41 ± 0.16 and 1.37 ± 0.03 μg/mL. Moreover, HPLC‒HESI‒HRMS-based metabolomics analysis of both extracts showed the presence of a varied group of secondary metabolites, including flavonoids, phenylpropanoids, phthalides, coumarins, and sesquiterpenes that further displayed moderate to promising binding affinities to the active site of cyclin G-associated kinase (GAK), particularly graveobioside A, graveobioside B, and celeroside C, suggesting their possible contribution as GAK modulators to the anti-proliferative potential of celery. These findings can help broaden future research on the utilization of different parts of celery and their NPs as functional foods and medicines in cancer chemoprevention and therapy.

Manganese-modified biochar promotes Cd accumulation in Sedum alfredii in an intercropping system

Intercropping of crops with hyperaccumulators is a sustainable method to remediate contaminated soil without impeding agro-production. However, the function of engineered biochar in intercropping systems and its possible influence on cadmium (Cd) accumulation in hyperaccumulators remain unknown. A root box experiment on celery and Sedum alfredii with and without root separation was conducted in this study. Pristine and KMnO4-modified biochar (BCMn) were used to investigate the effects of different biochars on plant growth and Cd uptake in an intercropping system, as well as the influence of engineered biochar on Cd accumulation in hyperaccumulators. The results demonstrated that soil pH did not significantly vary with biochar application in the root separation treatment. However, BCMn significantly increased soil pH and thus reduced available Cd when the plant roots were not separated. Intercropping (no separation treatment) led to a 34% higher and 24% lower aboveground biomass of celery and S. alfredii, respectively, regardless of biochar addition. Compared with aboveground plant parts, plant roots exhibited more significant responses to biochar. Interestingly, intercropping may favour the phytoextraction of Cd by S. alfredii. In particular, the Cd uptake by S. alfredii roots substantially increased (118–187%), whereas that of celery roots decreased (51–71%) with BCMn addition, compared with other treatments. Moreover, after BCMn addition the accumulation of Cd in aboveground S. alfredii in the no separation treatment was 136% higher than that in the separation treatment. This was possibly related to the interaction of manganese (Mn) with Cd as well as the roots of S. alfredii. These findings provide new insights into the application of engineered biochar for phytoextraction, which is important for the efficient remediation of Cd-contaminated soils.

Sustainable green technology for adaptation of circular economy to valorize agri-food waste: celery root peel as a case study

PurposeOne of the popular fields to replace linear economy approach with the sustainable circular approach is the valorization of agri-food waste and by-products by using green methods. Celery peel contains essential nutrients as much as celery root. This study aims to propose a novel framework for investigation of celery root peel waste, which has high nutritional value and is beneficial for healthy nutrition, valorization potential to re-formulate ayran (a traditional Turkish drink).Design/methodology/approachSustainable green extraction/distillation methods were applied to the celery root peel material to obtain water soluble extracts to be used in formulation of traditional Turkish drink “Ayran”.FindingsAs a result of the study, a new functional fermented drink derived from traditional drink ayran was obtained by using celery root peel extract. In addition to the positive characteristic properties of samples in terms of physical, chemical, microbiological and sensory parameters, it was observed that it increased the shelf life by at least 50% compared to the drink from which it was derived.Originality/valueSeveral studies focused the valorization of food waste materials; however, to the best of the author’s knowledge, no study has been taken an approach for using green methods to add additional properties to traditional foods by using celery root peel extracts. Therefore, the study is a remarkable contribution to the circular economy and is a role model for further studies.

Usage of celery root exosome as an immune suppressant; Lipidomic characterization of apium graveolens originated exosomes and its suppressive effect on PMA/ionomycin mediated CD4+ T lymphocyte activation.

Diseases such as autoimmune, cancer, neurodegenerative diseases or obesity have a serious impact on the lives of patients all rise from a common point; the immune system. Various in vitro and in vivo studies on regulating the immune system have been made to correct these diseases. As one of the key effector cells of the immune system, T lymphocytes are the focus of many of these studies. In this study, exosomes isolated from a known anti-inflammatory plant, celery, were used to suppress the inflammatory response of T lymphocytes. Celery-derived exosomes (C-Exo) were isolated using an aqueous two-phase isolation method. The size distribution, morphology, particle concentration, and GC-FAME-based lipidomic analysis were determined for the isolated C-Exo. T lymphocytes were stimulated using Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)/ionomycin, and treated with various doses of C-Exo. T lymphocyte responses were measured using qPCR and capillary Western blots. According to the results, C-Exo suppressed T lymphocytes in a dose-dependent manner in in vitro conditions. These findings show the potential of C-Exo as a therapeutic agent for immune disorders. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Excessive immune response in the body adversely affects the treatment mechanism and process of many diseases such as autoimmune disorders, neurodegenerative diseases and GDHV. In this preliminary study, the role of extracellular vesicles obtained from celery roots in suppressing this high immune response was investigated. The suppressive effect of celery exosome was observed by creating an immune response in T cells and PBMC cells, which play a leading role in the immune response. The role of these vesicles in immune suppression, obtained from the root part of the celery plant and characterized, was determined by measuring both mRNA, intracellular protein and extracellular cytokine levels. Celery exosome suppressed activated T lymphocyte cells and PBMC cells in a dose-dependent manner. These vesicles, which can be used as an edible, can be used in many areas as immunosuppressants.

Estimation of the antioxidant status of the diet for sports nutrition

The article considers the possibility of developing a diet that provides an athlete with an adequate level of biologically active substances with an antioxidant effect. As a criterion for assessing the diet, there was used total amount of biologically active substances established in MR 2.3.1.0253-21 as a physiological norm or an adequate level of daily intake for an adult. The losses of the total content of antioxidants in the composition of food products of plant origin during heat treatment in a steam convection apparatus were determined: beets - 16.9%; cabbage - 14.8%; potatoes and carrots - 34.6%; onion - 20.5%; root celery - 22.7%; tomato paste - 23.5%, oatmeal - 48.5%, in buckwheat - 29.9%. The calculation of the total antioxidant content (TAC) in culinary products from vegetables and cereals showed that a serving of a traditional dish can provide from 1.5 to 5.7% of the recommended daily requirement (1094 mg/day) in antioxidants. The combination of vegetables with prunes and blueberries got products with a functionally significant content of antioxidants. A daily diet for athletes of cyclic sports in the recovery stage of training with a calorie content of 4000 kcal was developed. The diet provides 145% of the adequate intake of antioxidants for a healthy adult. Vegetable products account for 26.9%, drinks and juices–19%, fresh fruits–15.5%, bakery and flour culinary products–12.8%, dairy products–11%, cereal products–9.1 % adequate intake of antioxidants. The results obtained confirm the position of many sports nutritionists that a well-balanced diet, proper selection of food products, and innovative methods of heat treatment can provide an athlete with an adequate amount of natural antioxidants.

Screening of Lipophilic Fractions of Botanical Forms of Celery by GC/MS Method

Introduction. The search for new tools for the treatment and prevention of obesity – a socially significant disease characterized by high prevalence and the presence of a number of complications – is an urgent area of research. Literature data indicate the presence of pharmacological activity in different groups of BAC of plant origin – flavonoids, phenolic acids, phytosterols, etc. in relation to obesity and its associated diseases. In view of the significant accumulation of target groups of compounds, as well as the availability of a large and renewable raw material base, celery was chosen for research as a potential raw source of BAC contributing to the regulation of metabolic disorders.Aim. To investigate the component composition of lipophilic fractions of botanical forms of celery by GC/MS and to predict the pharmacological activity of identified compounds within the target group of pathologies using the web resource PASS Оnline.Materials and methods. Lipophilic fractions were prepared by chloroform extraction of dry crushed raw material of celery root, stalks and leaves in a Soxhlet apparatus. Obtained extracts were analyzed on gas chromatography-mass spectrometer "Clarus 600T" (PerkinElmer, USA) on the basis of the Collaborative Centre "Analytical Center" equipment. Interpretation of the mass spectra of the peaks on the chromatograms was carried out using the NIST-14 library, for further prediction of biological activity of the identified compounds we used web-resource PASS online.Results and discussion. The composition of lipophilic fractions of celery botanical forms is represented by terpenes, benzofurans, coumarins, fatty acids and their derivatives, phytosterols. A total of 50 compounds were found in extracts from celery root, of which 68 % were identified, stalks – 36 and 61 %; leaves – 22 and 64 %, respectively. Prediction of the pharmacological activity of individual compounds of celery showed the possibility of their use for the regulation of lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, cardiovascular disorders and liver diseases, which confirms the prospects of this study.Conclusion. The results have shown that celery roots and stalks are a source of terpenes, coumarins and benzofuran derivatives, in addition, the above-ground part of the plant shows high accumulation of phytosterols, which may have metabolic regulation activity and be used in the complex therapy and prevention of obesity.

Uptake and metabolism of 14C-triclosan in celery under hydroponic system

As triclosan is used extensively as an antimicrobial agent, it inevitably enters agroecosystems, when sewage and treated wastewater are applied to agricultural fields. As a result, triclosan can be accumulated into crops and vegetables. Currently, limited information is available on the metabolism of triclosan in vegetables. In this study, the fate of 14C-triclosan in celery under a hydroponic system was investigated in a 30-day laboratory test. Most (97.7 %) of the 14C-triclosan accumulated in celery. The bioconcentration factors of triclosan were up to 3140 L kg−1 at day 30. The concentration of 14C-triclosan in roots (17.8 mg kg−1) was 57- and 127-fold higher than that in stems (0.31 mg kg−1) and leaves (0.14 mg kg−1), respectively, at day 30, suggesting a higher accumulation of triclosan in celery roots and negligible transport to stems and leaves. Moreover, triclosan, as well as its eight metabolites, was detected and identified in celery tissues and the growth medium using 14C-labelling and LC-Q-TOF-MS analysis methods. Phase I metabolites in the growth medium were from hydroxylation, dechlorination, nitration, and nitrosylation. Phase II metabolism was the major pathway in celery tissues. Monosaccharide, disaccharide, and sulfate conjugates of triclosan were putatively identified. The results represent an important step toward a better evaluation of the behavior of triclosan in vegetables, with notable implications for environmental and human risk assessments of triclosan.

Celery Root Phenols Content, Antioxidant Capacities and Their Correlations after Osmotic Dehydration in Molasses.

The osmotic dehydration (OD) of celery root in sugar beet molasses was studied at three temperatures (20, 35, and 50 °C) and three immersion periods (1, 3, and 5 h) in order to examine the changes in antioxidant potential and phenolic profile of celery root throughout the process. The antioxidant capacity (AOC) of dehydrated samples was evaluated by spectrophotometric and polarographic assays, the total phenolic content by the Folin-Ciocalteu method, and the individual phenolic compounds by HPLC-DAD. As a result of OD in molasses, the AOC and phenols content in samples increased proportionally to the augmentation of temperature and the immersion time. Vanillic acid, syringic acid, and catechin were detected in dehydrated samples as a result of transfer from molasses. Compared to fresh celery root, the content of identified phenols in osmodehydrated samples was improved from 1.5 to 6.2 times. Strong correlations between applied assays were obtained, except for the DPPH. Based on the correlation analysis chlorogenic acid, gallic acid, chrysin, catechin, and kaempferol showed the greatest contribution to the overall AOC of osmodehydrated celery root. Molasses, an agro-industrial waste from sugar production, could be valorized as a valuable osmotic solution.

THE EFFECTIVENESS TEST OF INFUSION CELERY ROOT (Apium graveolens L.) AS A DIURETIC IN WISTAR MALE WHITE RATS (Rattus Norvegicus)

Background: Hypertension is defined by persistently elevated arterial blood pressure. The increase in systolic blood pressure is generally>140mmHg or diastolic blood pressure> 90mmHg. The prevalence of hypertension increases with lifestyle changes. Objective: To determine the diuretic effect of celery (Apium graveolens L.) on male wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus). Methods: This research uses a literature study method, the type of the research is descriptive qualitative with literature research (library research) systematic. Results: Based on research data, there were 5 groups of mice that received different treatments. Among the five treatment groups, 0.5 % CMC suspension (KP-) showed the least mean cumulative urine volume, and furosemide suspension (KP+) showed a large mean cumulative urine volume when compared to negative controls. Conclusion: Celery root infusion can increase urine volume because it contains flavonoids that play a role in increasing urine volume (diuresis).
 Keywords: Diuretic, Celery (Apium graveolens L.), Furosemide, Hypertension, Wistar rats

Influence of coating-blanching in starch solutions, on the drying kinetics, transport properties, quality parameters, and microstructure of celery root chips

The possibility of using different types of starches as the drying aid materials before hot air drying (HAD) (110 °C, 1.5 m/s) of celery root chips to improve drying kinetics and the quality of products were investigated. The influence of coating-blanching pre-treatment of the samples in the native and modified corn, tapioca, and wheat starch solutions (0.1%, 0.3%, 0.5% (w/w)) on the drying kinetics, transport properties, microstructure, color, and texture of the samples was studied. The effective diffusion coefficients varied from 0.735 × 10−9 m2/s to 2.396 × 10−9 m2/s. The drag force, heat, and mass transfer coefficients were determined as 8.327 × 10−6 N, 41.21 W/m2K, and 0.0341 m/s, respectively. In terms of mathematical modeling, the Midilli & Kucuk model was the best for describing the drying behavior of the samples. The fracturability of all samples increased after coating-blanching and the highest L* value and the maximum compact microstructure were observed in the native and modified corn starch samples. Coating-blanching in the native and modified corn starch solutions was a promising alternative technique to reduce drying time and improve drying kinetics, texture, and color of celery root chips.

Evaluation of the antioxidant status and design of the diet for sports nutrition

The article considers the possibility of developing a diet that provides an athlete with an adequate level of biologically active substances with an antioxidant effect. The losses of the total content of antioxidants in the composition of food products of plant origin during heat treatment in a steam convection apparatus were determined and amounted to 16.9 in heat-treated beets; 14.8% in cabbage; 34.6% in potatoes and carrots; 20.5% in onion; 22.7% in root celery; 23.5% in tomato paste; 48.5% in oatmeal; 29.9% in buckwheat. The calculation of the total antioxidant content in culinary products from vegetables and cereals showed that serving a traditional dish can provide from 1.5% to 5.7% of the recommended daily requirements (1094 mg/day) in antioxidants. The combination of vegetables with prunes and blueberries made it possible to obtain products with a functionally significant content of antioxidants. A daily diet for athletes of cyclic sports in the recovery stage of training with a calorie content of 4000 kcal was developed. The diet provides 145% of the adequate intake of antioxidants for a healthy adult. The results obtained confirm the position of many sports nutritionists that a well-balanced diet, proper selection of food products, and innovative methods of heat treatment can provide an athlete with an adequate amount of antioxidants.

Arsenic content and phenolic compounds in parsley (Petroselinum crispum (Mill.) Fuss) and celery (Apium graveolens L.) cultivated in Vojvodina region, Serbia

Randomly collected samples of parsley and celery from different localities were analyzed to determine their quality based on arsenic concentrations, phenolic constituents and the antioxidant capacity of their edible parts. Arsenic concentrations were found in the range: parsley root (0.16 μg/g d.m.) < celery root (0.19 μg/g d.m.) < parsley leaf (0.35 μg/g d.m.) < celery leaf (0.45 μg/g d.m.). Total phenolic contents in roots were similar in both species and varied significantly depending on the cultivation site: 5.03-9.18 mg eqGA/g DE in parsley and 5.04-8.50 mg eqGA/g DE in celery. Lower total flavonoids content was recorded in celery. Among the phenolic acids, ferulic, chlorogenic and several cinnamic acids dominated. Apigenin and its glucosides dominated among flavonoids. Based on the principal component analysis (PCA) it can be concluded that the As content varied depending on the geographical origin of the samples. Also, phenolic compounds showed a significant contribution on PCA clustirng, indicating that cultivation site has a clear significant impact on the metabolites profile, while As content in plants did not significantly affect phenolic compound profile.

Research of quality indicators of parfe ice cream with vegetable fillers

The ice cream market is one of the developed segments of the food industry of Ukraine. Ice cream is a frozen product that is consumed all over the world. The work aimed to investigate the quality of parfait ice cream with vegetable fillings. The selection and justification of the components of the system, namely quail eggs, celery root, spinach leaves, was based on literature data and regulatory documentation, as well as laboratory data. Celery and spinach puree was chosen as one of the recipe components of ice cream, and the peculiarities of its preparation were studied. Parfait ice cream recipes with different ratios of vegetable fillers and pumpkin flour have been developed. The physiological and organoleptic parameters of ice cream with additional pumpkin flour, celery, and spinach puree were studied. According to the obtained results, the optimal content of pumpkin flour in ice cream is equal to 2–4 %, and vegetable puree – 25–35 %. It has been proved that pumpkin flour significantly affects the structural characteristics of ice cream mixes. They were melting resistance increases from 100 to 145 minutes. When increasing the flour content to 4 %. The dry matter content in ice cream varies depending on the amount of vegetable puree and pumpkin flour. However, the mass fraction of fat and dry nonfat milk residue does not change because the experimental samples were developed based on the composition of the control sample. Studies show that the new frozen dessert retains microbiological stability for six months. The combination of vegetable and dairy raw materials with pumpkin flour and quail eggs in the production of parfait ice cream provides the necessary whipping. It allows obtaining a product with specified rheological and physicochemical parameters.

Analysis of Degradation Kinetics and Migration Pattern of Chlorfenapyr in Celery (Apium graveliens L.) and Soil Under Greenhouse Conditions at Different Elevations.

The degradation kinetics and migration pattern of chlorfenapyr in celery and soil at Lhasa and Pengzhou were investigated. A simple, rapid analytical method for the quantification of chlorfenapyr in celery and soil was developed using gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometer. The results indicated that the half-lives of chlorfenapyr in celeries and soils at Lhasa were 6.3 days and 12.8 days. While the half-lives of chlorfenapyr in celeries and soils at Pengzhou were 6.9 days and 20.4 days. The half-lives of chlorfenapyr in celeries and soils at Lhasa were shorter than that at Pengzhou, while the half-lives of chlorfenapyr in soils at Lhasa and Pengzhou were longer than that in celeries at Lhasa and Pengzhou. The final residues of chlorfenapyr in celeries at Lhasa and Pengzhou were 5.074 ± 0.144 mg/kg and 5.981 ± 0.234 mg/kg after 7 days of spraying, respectively. When chlofenapyr was sprayed to soils only, the average root concentration factor of chlorfenapyr were 3.57-4.02, while the average translocation factor of chlorfenapyr in leaves and stems were 0.28-0.38 and 0.20-0.25, respectively. Chlorfenapyr was easy to migrate from soil to the roots of celery, followed by leaves and stems. The limit value of chlorfenapyr in celery has not been specified in China's National MRL standard (GB 2763 in National food safety standard-maximum residue limits for pesticides in food. Standard, Beijing, 2021), this study was useful to draw up the limit values of chlorfenapyr residues in celery at different elevations.