Mn Ce Research Articles

Electrospun Ce–Mn oxide as an efficient catalyst for soot combustion: Ce–Mn synergy, soot-catalyst contact, and catalytic oxidation mechanism

Increasing the contact efficiency and improving the intrinsic activity are two effective strategies to obtain efficient catalysts for soot combustion. Herein, the electrospinning method is used to synthesize fiber-like Ce–Mn oxide with a strong synergistic effect. The slow combustion of PVP in precursors and highly soluble manganese acetate in spinning solution facilitates the formation of fibrous Ce–Mn oxides. The fluid simulation clearly indicates that the slender and uniform fibers provide more interwoven macropores to capture soot particles than the cubes and spheres do. Accordingly, electrospun Ce–Mn oxide exhibits better catalytic activity than reference catalysts, including Ce–Mn oxides by co-precipitation and sol-gel methods. The characterizations suggest that Mn3+ substitution into fluorite-type CeO2 enhances the reducibility through the acceleration of Mn–Ce electron transfer, improves the lattice oxygen mobility by weakening the Ce–O bonds, and induces oxygen vacancies for the activation of O2. The theoretical calculation reveals that the release of lattice oxygen becomes easy because of a low formation energy of oxygen vacancy, while the high reduction potential is beneficial for the activation of O2 on Ce3+-Ov (oxygen vacancies). Due to above Ce–Mn synergy, the CeMnOx-ES shows more active oxygen species and higher oxygen storage capacity than CeO2-ES and MnOx-ES. The theoretical calculation and experimental results suggest that the adsorbed O2 is more active than lattice oxygen and the catalytic oxidation mainly follows the Langmuir-Hinshelwood mechanism. This study indicates that electrospinning is a novel method to obtain efficient Ce–Mn oxide.

Enhancement of Elevated‐Temperature Strength in Al–Cu–Ce–Mn–Zr Cast Aluminum Alloy Through Ni Alloying

Herein, to enhance the elevated‐temperature strength of heat‐resistant aluminum alloys to satisfy application requirements, the effect of Ni content (0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0 wt%) on the microstructures and tensile properties of Al–8.4Cu–2.3Ce–1.0Mn–0.2Zr alloy is investigated. The metallographic analysis techniques are used to quantitatively examine the microstructural changes. The skeleton‐like Al7Cu4Ni phase is formed after the addition of Ni and its morphology is gradually transformed into a coarse reticular‐like shape with Ni content increasing. However, the thermally stable Al8CeCu4 and Al24MnCu8Ce3 phases disappear when Ni content exceeds 1.0%. Al–8.4Cu–2.3Ce–1.0Mn–0.2Zr–0.5Ni alloy exhibits the optimal elevated‐temperature tensile performance at 400 °C, and its ultimate tensile strength, yield strength, and elongation at 400 °C reach 105, 85 MPa, and 16.5%, respectively. The optimal tensile performance is attributed to synergistic enhancing action of the thermostable Al8CeCu4, Al24MnCu8Ce3, Al16Cu4Mn2Ce, and Al7Cu4Ni phases at the grain boundaries and the nano‐sized Al20Cu2Mn3 and Al2Cu precipitates inside the grains. The typical brittle fracture is dominating in the five alloys with different Ni contents at ambient temperature, but the fracture mode at 400 °C is changed from ductile fracture to ductile and brittle mixed fracture with the increase of Ni.

Mn-induced Cu/Ce catalysts with improved performance for CO preferential oxidation in H2/CO2-rich streams

A series of xMnCu/Ce catalysts with constant low Cu loading of 1 wt% were prepared by the simple impregnation method. The obtained catalysts were characterized by XRD, BET, H2-TPR and XPS, and the preferential oxidation of CO was evaluated in CO2/H2-rich atmospheres. It was shown that partial Mn and Cu could be incorporated into the Ceria lattice, forming surface ternary Cu–Mn–Ce oxide solid solutions. At Mn/Cu = 0.6, the catalyst presented strong interaction among Cu, Mn and Ce, had more Ce3+ and Mn4+ at the surface and showed the best catalytic performance, making CO conversion increase of 23.57% at 90 °C as compared with the Cu/Ce catalyst. For CO-Prox, the highest CO conversion was 94.7% with an oxidation selectivity of 78.9% at 125 °C. At this temperature, the catalyst revealed stable catalytic performance for a total TOS of 205 h. In addition, with CO/Ar as feed gas, CO conversion was 100%, confirming the negative effects of CO2/H2.

Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) as a super support for Mn–Ce based NH3-SCR catalyst: Improvement of catalytic performance and H2O/SO2 tolerance for NOx removal

Low temperature NH3 selective catalytic reduction (NH3-SCR) technology is an efficient and economical strategy for NOx removal. In this study, Mn–Ce oxides supported on graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) was applied to the NH3-SCR of NOx at low temperature compared with Mn–Ce oxides supported on commercial TiO2, γ-Al2O3, and montmorillonite (MNT). The NOx conversion and H2O/SO2 tolerance of 8% Mn–Ce/g–C3N4–300 were superior to those of 8% Mn–Ce/TiO2-300, 8% Mn–Ce/γ-Al2O3-300 and 8% Mn–Ce/MNT-300 in the temperature window of 100–300 °C, and more than 95% NOx conversion could be obtained within the whole temperature range. According to the experimental and characteriazation results, the superior low temperature NH3-SCR performance of 8% Mn–Ce/g–C3N4–300 could be attributed to the formation of Ce–O–Mn solid solution structure, the higher concentrations of the surface elements, the optimun low-temperature reduction behavior, the largest amount of total acid sites, the highest (Mn4++Mn3+)/(Mn4++Mn3++Mn2+) and (Ce3+)/(Ce3++Ce4+) ratios, and the modest Oα/(Oα+Oβ) ratio.

Ce–Mn Oxide Nanocomposites for Catalytic Removal of H2S

The development of efficient and stable nanocatalysts is crucial for the catalytic removal of H2S through selective oxidation to sulfur. Inspired by the different catalytic activity and selectivity of CeO2 and MnO2 for the reaction, cerium–manganese (Ce–Mn) nanocomposite oxides with tunable phase structure and unique surface properties were constructed to optimize the catalytic performance. By regulating the molar ratio of Ce and Mn components, a novel catalyst structure comprising Ce–Mn solid solution and amorphous CeO2 is synthesized from Ce–Mn oxide with nCe/nMn ratio of 0.5 (50Ce–Mn). Compared with the unmodified MnO2, the tailored 50Ce–Mn possesses a high specific surface area, which facilitates the access of reactants to active sites and the desorption of formed sulfur. More importantly, strong Ce–Mn interaction and abundant surface-active oxygen species are generated, contributing to the regeneration of Mn4+/Ce4+ active sites, facilitating the formation of sulfur, and inhibiting the accumulation of sulfates during the reaction. Consequently, 50Ce–Mn presents a superior catalytic activity (T100 of 150 °C), stability, and sulfur selectivity even under relatively high weight hourly space velocity conditions (23,000 mL·g–1·h–1). This study provides an example of how catalytic performance can be boosted through phase structure regulation on nanocomposites.

Fabrication of Hierarchical Porous Metal Oxides by the HPMC-Assisted Gel Combustion Strategy: Incorporation of Nanoceria into Cookie-like Mn2O3 with Enhanced Oxidation Activity and Excellent Water Resistance

Constructing nonprecious metal oxide catalysts with a hierarchical porous structure by a simple method for the deep catalytic oxidation of toxic volatile organic compounds at low temperatures is of great value and significance. In this work, a porous manganese trioxide catalyst (Mn2O3-H) was prepared by a hydroxypropyl methylcellulose-assisted combustion synthesis strategy for catalytic complete oxidation of gaseous toluene. Benefiting from the rich porous nanostructure, Mn2O3-H has much higher specific surface area and active site density, resulting in better low-temperature reducibility and oxygen activation ability than blank Mn2O3 formed by direct calcination. With this sol–gel combustion process, CeO2 nanoparticles could be successfully introduced to form cookie-like Ce–Mn composite oxide with a hierarchical porous nanostructure, which builds the strong interaction of CeO2–Mn2O3 to weaken Mn–O with more active defects. Among Ce-doped catalysts, 5%CeMn-H shows the best catalytic activity in toluene oxidation with 90% conversion temperature at 242 °C under a weight hour space velocity of 60,000 mL·g–1·h–1, which is about 30 and 133 °C lower than that of Mn2O3-H and Mn2O3-B, respectively. This advantage is also shown in other typical hydrocarbons such as propylene and propane. Moreover, the as-prepared Ce-doped catalyst exhibits excellent stability and water resistance ability. This simple robust sol–gel combustion method will provide valuable enlightenment for designing porous catalysts with high performance for related catalytic reactions.

Highly Efficient Oxidation of Biomass Xylose to Formic Acid with CeOx-Promoted MnOx Catalyst in Water

Formic acid is a versatile chemical, which is industrially produced from fossil resources. In this work, biomass-derived xylose was used as a potential feedstock to synthesize formic acid with Mn–Ce oxides as the catalyst in water. Among the Mn–Ce oxides with different molar ratios, Mn4Ce0.05Ox showed the best catalytic activity, offering a formic acid yield up to 65.1% at 160 °C with 3 MPa of O2, which was much higher than that using pristine MnOx (40.5%) and CeOx (9.9%). In addition, Mn4Ce0.05Ox was shown to be tolerant to a higher xylose concentration. The introduction of CeOx into MnOx increased the total surface area (55.8 vs 33.7 m2 g–1), gave a higher ratio of (Mn2++Mn3+)/Mn4+ (1.94 vs 1.54), and produced more surface adsorbed oxygen (39.0% vs 26.0%). The DFT calculations revealed that the adsorption energy of xylose on the Ce site (−1.231 eV) was much lower than that on the Mn site (−0.884 eV), thus facilitating the binding of xylose on the catalyst. Mechanism studies of xylose–catalyst–water reaction systems indicated that glyceric acid and glycolic acid were the main intermediates, while CO2 was cogenerated with the formic acid.

Confined nanoreactor for synthesis of MnCe composite oxide nanowires with enhanced catalytic activity towards aromatic VOCs oxidation

A novel Mn–Ce composite oxide nanowires (MnCe-NWs) catalyst with a high specific surface area has been successfully fabricated via restricting the growth of nanocrystal within a confined nanoreactor offered by the Santa Barbara Amorphous-15 (SBA-15) template. The characterizations of X‐ray diffraction (XRD), N 2 adsorption-desorption, and Energy Dispersive X-Ray mapping (EDX-mapping) showed the Mn–Ce oxide nanowires generated in a confined nanoreactor had a homogeneous cubic fluorite structure with good metal distribution and high porosity. The X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Raman, H 2 temperature-programmed reaction (H 2 -TPR), and O 2 temperature‐programmed desorption (O 2 -TPD) determined that the Mn–Ce oxide nanowire increased the lattice defects, active oxygen species, and reducibility compared to the one (MnCe-DC) generated by direct calcination in open space. Owing to these excellent properties, the Mn–Ce oxide nanowire exhibited much better catalytic performance in both toluene and benzene oxidation. The conversion efficiency of toluene and benzene can reach 90% at 199 °C and 211 °C over MnCe-NWs (100 ppm, space velocity = 60,000 mL g −1 h −1 ) while the corresponding temperature increased by 30 and 52 °C respectively over MnCe-DC. The influence of space velocity and concentration of toluene/benzene on the catalytic oxidation of toluene/benzene has also been investigated. The catalytic oxidation mechanisms of toluene/benzene and main intermediates are deduced based on the meditator of the reactions. Moreover, the durability test and the water effect test demonstrated that it has remarkable stability and high toleration of high moisture.

Si-modified Mn–Ce oxide catalysts for selective catalytic reduction of NOx with NH3 at low temperatures

Si-modified Mn–Ce oxide catalysts were prepared by a co-precipitation method for the selective catalytic reduction of NOx with NH3 (NH3-SCR).

Mn–Ce oxide-modified activated carbon composites as efficient adsorbents for removing As(iii) from water: adsorption performance and mechanisms

The proposed possible mechanisms of As(iii) removal by Mn–Ce/AC3.

Reversing the immunosuppressive microenvironment with reduced redox level by microwave-chemo-immunostimulant Ce–Mn MOF for improved immunotherapy

BackgroundsReversing the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) in the tumor is widely deemed to be an effective strategy to improve immune therapy. In particular, the redox balance in TME needs to be well controlled due to its critical role in mediating the functions of various cells, including cancer cells and immune-suppressive cells.ResultsHere, we propose an efficient strategy to reshape the redox homeostasis to reverse immunosuppressive TME. Specifically, we developed a microwave-chemo-immunostimulant CMMCP to promote the infiltration of the tumor-T cells by simultaneously reducing the reactive oxygen species (ROS) and glutathione (GSH) and improving the oxygen (O2) levels in TME. The CMMCP was designed by loading chemotherapy drugs cisplatin into the bimetallic Ce–Mn MOF nanoparticles coated with polydopamine. The Ce–Mn MOF nanoparticles can effectively improve the catalytic decomposition of ROS into O2 under microwave irradiation, resulting in overcoming hypoxia and limited ROS generation. Besides, the activity of intracellular GSH in TME was reduced by the redox reaction with Ce–Mn MOF nanoparticles. The reprogrammed TME not only boosts the immunogenic cell death (ICD) induced by cisplatin and microwave hyperthermia but also gives rise to the polarization of pro-tumor M2-type macrophages to the anti-tumor M1-type ones.ConclusionOur in vivo experimental results demonstrate that the microwave-chemo-immunostimulant CMMCP significantly enhances the T cell infiltration and thus improves the antitumor effect. This study presents an easy, safe, and effective strategy for a whole-body antitumor effect after local treatment.

The roles of Ce and Mn on solidification behaviors and mechanical properties of 7Mo super austenitic stainless steel

Effect of Ce and Mn on solidification behaviors and mechanical properties of 7Mo super austenitic stainless steel was investigated via in-situ observations, thermodynamic calculations and microstructural characterization. The results show that the network eutectic microstructure had higher hardness compare with ordinary cast structure. And increasing Ce and Mn can both improve the hardness which could be attributed to the effect of Ce and Mn on the solidification microstructure. Analyses indicate that Ce acted as inclusions and atoms to shorten the solidification interval and refine the microstructure to reduce the σ phase. This finer microstructure increased the average hardness. While increasing Mn content modified Ce–O inclusions into Ce–Mn–O compound inclusions which reduced nucleation sites. Mn also promoted the segregation of Cr and Mo in the liquid to decrease the solidification rate, leading to microstructure coarsening and high content of σ phase. This study may provide a theoretical basis for the composition design and applications of the 7Mo super austenitic stainless steel.

Performance and mechanism of co-doped Ce–Mn perovskite for degradation of tetracycline via heterogeneous photocatalysis coupled PMS oxidation

In this work, CeMn1-xMxO3 (M = Cu, Fe and Co) perovskites were synthesized and used as efficient heterogeneous catalyst for degrade of tetracycline chloride (TC-HCl) via photocatalysis coupled peroxymonosulfate (PMS) oxidation under visible-light illumination. Metal doping significantly improved the catalytic activity of perovskites. The CeMn0.6Co0.4O3/PMS/Vis system demonstrated excellent performance that 96.4% of 60 mg/L of TC-HCl was degraded within 30 min with a high reaction rate constant of 0.136 min−1, which is about 4.3 times higher than that of CeMnO3, and almost 4.4 times higher than that of pure PMS. Results confirmed the addition of Co led to mixed valence states of Mn (III)/Mn (Ⅳ) and Co (II)/Co (III) in the perovskite structure, promoting the electron transfer from the CeMn0.6Co0.4O3 to PMS. Moreover, CeMn0.6Co0.4O3 exhibited good stability over a wide pH range (3.0–11.0). The rapid transformation of Co (II)/Co (III) redox pairs is critical for PMS activation as the limiting step. Superoxide radicals (•O2−), electron (e−) and sulfate radical (SO4−•) were the dominant oxidative species responsible for removing TC-HCl. This work proposed some new insights to understand the heterogeneous reaction mechanism during PMS oxidation and photocatalytic process and promote the development of perovskites catalyst for removal of organic pollutants.

Efficient and recyclable Ni-Ce-Mn-N modified ordered mesoporous carbon electrode during electrocatalytic ozonation process for the degradation of simulated high-salt phenol wastewater.

In this study, an efficient and stable NiO/CeO2/MnO2-modified nitrogen-doped ordered mesoporous carbon (NOMC) particle electrode was developed, in which the metal oxides were mosaicked within the pore channels by one-pot skeleton hybridization, and the comodification of NiO/CeO2/MnO2/N was found to improve the electrocatalytic activity and stability of the particle electrode. The improved stability of the ordered mesoporous carbon towards pore collapse was applied to the degradation of simulated high-salt phenol wastewater by an electrocatalytic ozonation process using simple binder pelletization. The modified ordered mesoporous carbon shows a specific surface area of 269.7m2g-1 and a pore size of 3.17nm, and SEM and TEM were used to show that the mesoporous structure is well maintained and the metal nanoparticles are well dispersed. The electrochemically active area of the Ni2%/Ce0.5%/Mn2.5%-NOMC particle electrode reaches 224.65mFcm-2, which indicates that NiO improves the capacitance of the ordered mesoporous carbon and accelerates the electron transfer efficiency. Encouragingly, the phenol removal efficiency is found to reach up to 93.0% for 60min over a wide range of pH values, with an initial phenol concentration of 150mgL-1, low current (0.03 A) and fast reaction rate (0.0895 min-1), and the presence of CeO2 ameliorates the low activity of the particle electrode under acidic conditions. These results indicate that the presence of pyridine-N and β-MnO2 effectively mitigates carbon corrosion and improves electrode stability, as the accumulation of large amounts of ·OH at 20min and the maintenance of a degradation efficiency of more than 90% after eight cycles provides a viable solution for the widespread practical application of ordered mesoporous carbon particle electrodes.

Hydrothermal oxidation degradation of dioxins in fly ash with water-washing and added Ce-Mn catalyst.

A comprehensive analysis of the effects of the temperature, reaction time, liquid-solid ratio (L/S), and initial pH on the hydrothermal degradation of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) (which are both PCDD/Fs) in municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) fly ash is presented. Consequently, the hydrothermal degradation reaction is catalyzed using Ce-Mn catalyst under low-temperature conditions to study the effect of the catalyst on the degradation efficiency of PCDD/Fs. The experimental results show that temperature is the most critical factor for the reaction. When the hydrothermal oxidation temperature reaches 280°C (reaction time=120min, original pH=8.5, L/S=4mL/g), the toxicity equivalent (I-TEQ) of PCDD/Fs is only 5.4ng TEQ/kg, and the degradation efficiency reaches 99.71%. Under these conditions, 2,3,4,7,8-P5CDF makes the highest contribution to I-TEQ degradation, reaching 37.4%. There are four main pathways for the reaction of 2,3,4,7,8-P5CDF with hydroxyl radicals. A comparison of the PCDD/F concentrations of different products shows that the addition of 0.5%, 1.0%, and 1.5% of the Ce-Mn catalyst reduces the degradation efficiency by 8.79%, 1.40%, and 0.07%, respectively, which indicates that the addition of a small quantity of Ce-Mn catalyst does not facilitate the degradation of PCDD/Fs. The addition of the catalyst significantly decreases the degradation efficiency of low-chlorinated homologs but has a relatively small effect on that of high-chlorinated homologs. Therefore, it is concluded that Ce-Mn catalysts are more likely to promote resynthesis than degradation of PCDD/Fs.

Synergistic mechanism of supported Mn–Ce oxide in catalytic ozonation of nitrofurazone wastewater

In this study, the catalytic materials of MnOx/γ-Al2O3, CeO2/γ-Al2O3, and MnxCe1-xO2/γ-Al2O3 for catalytic ozonation were synthesized. The catalysts were used in heterogeneous catalytic ozonation of the wastewater containing ntrofurazone (NFZ). The effects of the catalytic ozonation operational factors were systematically evaluated in terms of ozone dosing, catalyst dosing, initial NFZ concentration, and pH. The results showed that the catalytic activity of the MnxCe1-xO2/γ-Al2O3 was higher than that of the MnOx/γ-Al2O3 and CeO2/γ-Al2O3. The kinetics analysis revealed that bimetallic loading has a synergistic effect and the mechanism of this effect was investigated in the catalytic ozonation system. The catalysts were characterized by FESEM, EDS, XRD, XPS, IR, and BET. The characteristics of the catalysts revealed that Mn could alter the oxide species on the metal surface and interfere with the formation of CeO2 crystals, which led to smaller grains, enhanced adsorption oxygen, and greater specific surface area. The MnxCe1-xO2/γ-Al2O3 crystals could form a solid solution, which helps higher catalytic activity. This study adds to the understanding of the synergistic mechanism of the loaded Ce–Mn oxide catalysts in the heterogeneous catalytic ozonation system and provides a feasible method for degrading pharmaceutical wastewater.

The influence of initial texture, microstructure and deformation behavior on the low mechanical anisotropy of extruded Mg alloy tube

In this study, the extruded Mg–Zn–Mn–Ce–Ca alloy tube with a weak basal fiber texture, i.e. the {0001} plane is distributed along the TD with 0°∼30° deflection towards ED, was fabricated. The alloy tube exhibits a low mechanical anisotropy in the tensile process at room temperature. To clarify the relationship between the weak texture and the low mechanical anisotropy, the microstructure and deformation mechanism of the alloy tube in the tensile process along the ED, 45ED and TD were studied. The results revealed that during yielding, the deformation in ED sample was governed by predominant prismatic slip, and a portion of additional basal slip and lowest pyramidal <c+a> slip, while predominant basal slip and accompanied by a high fraction of prismatic slip and lowest pyramidal <c+a> slip for both 45ED and TD samples. These relatively high additional slips result from the weak texture, which attenuates the deformation differences among the three samples. After yielding, the three samples underwent similar prismatic slip transition and twin nucleation quantity. Additionally, the {0001} plane displayed to converge towards the RD after tensile fracture, which may be related to the twins and intragranular slip. Especially for 45ED and TD samples, relatively high basal slip may cause their {0001} plane to tend to be parallel to the loading direction. In summary, the similar deformation mechanisms governed by weak texture along the three directions resulted in the low mechanical anisotropic of the alloy tube.

Promotion of catalytic performance of Mn–Ce/biochar catalysts in SCR reaction by ultrasonic treatment

A series of Mn–Ce oxide catalysts loaded on KOH activated biochar (BCK), which were prepared by the traditional impregnation method (TI) or ultrasonic impregnation method (UI), were studied to examine the selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NO at low temperature. The results indicated that the catalysts prepared by the UI possessed better catalytic performance than the catalysts prepared by the TI, especially the catalyst prepared by the UI with higher loading amount exhibited well low-temperature catalytic activity. The physicochemical properties of all the catalysts were investigated by N2 adsorption-desorption, SEM, XRD, FTIR, NH3-TPD, and XPS. It revealed that Mn–Ce/BCK(UI) exhibited a higher specific surface area (SSA) and ratios of Ce3+, Mn4+, and Oβ, as well as a better dispersibility of Mn–Ce oxides on the catalyst surface. Moreover, FTIR illustrated that there were more adsorbed oxygen species on the surface of Mn–Ce/BCK(UI). The above results were further verified by multifractal analysis which presented that ultrasonic treatment could promote the dispersion of metal oxides on the catalyst surface. It could be concluded that the UI might be a better choice than the TI in the process of preparing high loading catalysts.

New approach to formation of coatings on Mg–Mn–Ce alloy using a combination of plasma treatment and spraying of fluoropolymers

This paper presents a method of the formation of composite polymer-containing coatings on a Mg–Mn–Ce magnesium alloy by forming a ceramic-like layer using plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) and subsequent spraying superdispersed polytetrafluoroethylene suspension. The coating composition and their morphological features were studied by SEM, EDS, GDOES, and XRD. The presented data confirm the embedding of fluoropolymer in the PEO coating. The evaluation of the corrosion properties of the formed composite polymer-containing coatings indicates a decrease in the corrosion current density by more than 3 orders of magnitude in comparison with the base PEO coating. The incorporation of a fluoropolymer in a PEO layer by more than 32% increases the load value at which abrasion of the coating to the substrate occurs and reduces the wear of the coating by more than 27 fold in comparison with the PEO layer. It has been established that composite coatings possess hydrophobic properties: the value of the contact angle attains 152 °.

Simultaneous catalytic removal of NO and chlorobenzene over Sn–Mn–Ce–Co–Ox double-way catalyst

Simultaneous catalytic removal of NO and chlorobenzene over Sn–Mn–Ce–Co–Ox double-way catalyst