CDA Approach Research Articles

A Critical Discourse Analysis of the Representation of the Russian-Turkish Conflict in Western and Arab Newspapers: An Appraisal Model

News articles vary considerably in ideological perspective depending on the type and the stance of the newspaper. The present study employs CDA approach with a view of assessing the Western and Arab newspaper articles motivated by a specific ideology with regard to the ongoing conflict between Turkey and Russia after the downing of the Russian Su-24 on 24 November 2015. It aims at showing how the portrayal of the Self and Other reveal the hidden ideologies of these newspapers. Additionally, the present study aims to explore the evaluative stances and attitudinal positioning of Western and Arab newspapers. The study draws on Van Dijk’s (1998) ideological square of positive Self-presentation and negative Other – presentation to clarify different views and ideologies. The Appraisal model is the linguistic framework employed in the current study at both qualitative and quantitative levels. The data comprises of 68 articles taken from Western newspapers and news agencies and 30 news report from the Arab newspapers. The findings of the analysis in both Arab and Western Newspapers indicate that the number of judgmental resources exceeds that of affectual resources in both Western and the Arab newspapers. This means there is an emphasis on constructing an ideology that appeals to the readers’ moral and social rather than emotional aspects that invites the readers' sympathy.

Black Lives Matter: Race Discourse and the Semiotics of History Reconstruction

The death of unarmed black male George Floyd, who was killed by a white police officer in Minneapolis, May 25, 2020, has given momentum to the Black Lives Matter (BLM) movement whose activists rallied in different parts of the world to remove or deface monuments to historic figures associated with racism, slavery, and colonialism. These social practices of toppling statues have a discursive value and, since they are meant to communicate a message to the broader society, these actions are incorporated into a semiotic system. This study examines signs and, therefore, the system of representations involved in toppling statues performed by BLM activists and documented in photos. The research employs a critical approach to semiotics based on Roland Barthes’ (1964) semiotic model of levels of signification. However, for a comprehensive analytical understanding, the study also makes use of a multidisciplinary Critical Discourse Analysis CDA approach which provides a systematic method to examine and expose power relations, inequality, dominance, and oppression in social practices. Besides its general analytical framework, the integrated CDA approach combines Fairclough’s (1995) three-dimensional analytical approach, which presupposes examining text, discursive practice, and sociocultural practice, with Reisigl and Wodak’s (2001, 2017) Discourse Historical Analysis (DHA), which investigates ideology and racism within their socio-cultural and historic context. The analysis of the images reveals a common thematic structure and encoded messages produced in order to change the cultural and social norms of the USA national discourse generated and cultivated within a specific ideological and historical context. These social actions consist of signs that make up a coherent communicative system which provides BLM activists with instruments in the struggle over the memory of slavery, white supremacy and oppression of the past for the rights of the black minority in the present in a better society of racial equality, human rights, and liberation.

Teaching Critical Discourse Analysis of Sociocognitive Approach to EFL Learners through Corpus-based Analysis

Many studies have been researching critical discourse analysis, henceforth CDA, in analyzing a numerous contexts, nevertheless, those studies still have lack of contributions such as in pedagogical aspects and lack of incorporations with specialized technology such as corpus tool. However, this study intended to fill a gap that qualitatively aimed to explore on how teaching CDA focusing on sociocognitive approach through corpus analysis and to know learners’ responses about their experience. Then, this study concerns to three elements: corpus based approach, CDA approach, and pedagogical approach. The target of participants were undergraduate students of university in Karawang, Indonesia. It was randomly participated from higher semester, 7th semester, had been studying linguistics and learning media. The study ran for one month and included two training sessions for learners on how to use concordance software in analyzing words, phrases, concordance line, frequencies, and collocations in order to get sociocognitive which specialized by only microstructure couched by Van Dijk (2008). The corpus were made from 2 different newspaper with a specific issue contained a big data. The main findings showed that the participants can be able to use a concordance software independently as it seemed very excited in the exercise. It indicated successful way that students eventually can criticize some discoures through corpus analysis that corroborated by the training and the learners’ responses. However, the further study requires to deepen and incorporate with other approaches such as systemic functional linguistics to strengthen the analysis.

Title: A CDA Approach to the Representation of Cultures and Ideologies through Translated Political Texts: A Case Study of "All the Shah’s Men: An American Coup and the Roots of Middle East Terror" by S. Kinzer

Title: A CDA Approach to the Representation of Cultures and Ideologies through Translated Political Texts: A Case Study of "All the Shah’s Men: An American Coup and the Roots of Middle East Terror" by S. Kinzer

Sarcastic Feminism: A Lexico-Syntactic Analysis of Judy Syfers’ I Want A Wife

This work examines the relationship between language and the plights of women as espoused by Judy Syfers in her text “I Want a Wife”. It seeks to establish the concerns of the writer and the choices she made in her agitation and struggle for women liberation. To achieve this, Feminist CDA approach was adopted in order to critically identify the implications of the writer’s lexical items within the context of her language. This would enable us demystify her language and see how gender power is constructed; see where women are placed on the ladder of power and the effort the writer makes to ameliorate the social status of women. Thus, attention was given to lexis and syntax (noun phrase). This helped us to find out that the context in which the writer agitates for women liberation is within the family and its attendant responsibilities. It was discovered through the examination of syntax of the language that the use of sarcasm and rankshifting were paramount. Through rankshifting, the writer presented the enormity of women’s plights, and condemns such man-made, imposed and killing plights using sarcasm.

Operational Aspects of Vertical Navigation during the Approach Phase of Flight: CDA vs. Conventional Step-Down Approach

Operational Aspects of Vertical Navigation during the Approach Phase of Flight: CDA vs. Conventional Step-Down Approach

Sociocultural Studies via CDA in Native Son (1939)

This paper aims at the study of the artistic features of language in Richard Wright’s Native Son. In order to pursue and achieve the mentioned goal, Critical Analysis (CDA) will be the applied approach, which provides analytical tools to uncover the socio-cultural aspects of texts by analyzing their in-text language. Modality, Metaphor and Racist Discourse are three major arguments to be studied under the CDA approach. By analyzing the predominant concerns of these three parts, this paper brings and reinterprets the serious problematic issues including power, the black oppression by the white, social limitations and racist ideology.

Sociocultural Studies via CDA in Native Son (1939)

This paper aims at the study of the artistic features of language in Richard Wright’s Native Son. In order to pursue and achieve the mentioned goal, Critical Analysis (CDA) will be the applied approach, which provides analytical tools to uncover the socio-cultural aspects of texts by analyzing their in-text language. Modality, Metaphor and Racist Discourse are three major arguments to be studied under the CDA approach. By analyzing the predominant concerns of these three parts, this paper brings and reinterprets the serious problematic issues including power, the black oppression by the white, social limitations and racist ideology.

THE ANALYSIS OF IDEOLOGIES IN DONALD TRUMP’S POLITICAL SPEECHES ON NATIONAL SECURITY : A CRITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS

Although there were many studies of Political Discourse had been done in CDA approach, but still few studies concern withrelation of ideology and language in the discourse. This study aims to, 1) find the ideological discourse structureswhich are used to enhance ideology in political speeches delivered by Donald Trump and 2) reveal the ideologies found in the speeches of Donald Trump about National Security. The analysis in this study is based on Fairclough’s(1992 )framework of Critical Discourse Analysis which consists of three levels of analysis; textual, discursive practice and socio-cultural practice. Then, for textual analysis, the writer used one analytical tool that is the theory of Ideological Discourse Structure of the discourse by Van Dijk (2000). The results showed that Donald Trump used language tactfully to achieve his goal on politics. The conclusion obtained is that Donald Trump enhances fascist ideology in his speeches which can be seen through the ideological structure of discourse which is found in his political speech on National Security.

A Meso-levels Critical Discourse Analysis of the Movie Rudy Habibie

Movie and discourse have been an academic concern. Based on the theoretical framework of Fairclough concept (1995), this study attempts to make a meso-level critical discourse analysis of a local movie, Rudy Habibie (2016). It explores how the discursive is formed and legitimized in the process of production, distribution, and consumption by the representation of the movie Rudy Habibie. It validates the effectiveness of CDA as a tool to reveal the relationship between language and ideology. It proves that Fairclough’s framework can be applied in the movie discursive study. Pratically it draws the attention to the ideologies embedded in movie discourse and encourages to improve the critical thinking. The findings described the various behaviors taken from the movie Rudy Habibie which are aimed to reveal stereotypes, presuppositions, hegemony, power and ideological stances. As the consequences, this movie became the best selling movie in 2016. The presented ideology delivered the audience through the story of the movie as the result of the text production, distribution, and consumption. The representation contributes to the construction of social power. Furthermore, the research believed having implications for language teaching, especially in CDA subject. Toward the applying of the CDA approach in the course, the student will be able to achieve the understanding of the writer’s style, finding meaning and reasons for particular stylistic choices.

News of Islamic Blasphemy onthe Websites of Kompas and Republika: A Critical Discourse Analysis

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Ideology in tempo magazine advertising: a critical discussion analysis

This research was conducted to describe and analyze the ideology and the structure of the text of advertising discourse in Tempo magazine which is in tone with Van Dijk's theory in the form of three structures (1) macro analysis, (2) superstructure, and (3) microanalysis. In this study, the analysis model used was the Van Dijk model. There are three dimensions in the discourse described by Van Dijk namely, text, social cognition, and social context. Critical discourse analysis of Van Dijk's model is not merely analyzing the text but also looking at the social structure existing in society. The ideology in the text of the advertising discourse in Tempo magazine is as follows: first, the ideology built-in messages delivery to the text of the Tempo magazine advertisement discourse; secondly, the explanation in the text is more accurate and detailed in the schematic section considered influential, third, the ideology of the text of the advertising discourse in Tempo magazine is a part of element of syntax, semantic, and rhetorical. Ideology in the text of the advertising discourse in Tempo magazine is very dependent and influential in the social, political, economic, and other contexts. In this study, there are study aspects that can be relevant to the study of discourse analysis in higher education, namely a model for analyzing texts based on the CDA approach. The results of this study can be used as references to analyze written texts and in linguistic analysis.

The language of “Ribbonmen”: A CDA approach to identity construction in nineteenth-century Irish English threatening notices

AbstractThroughout the nineteenth century, the rural midlands of Ireland suffered from agrarian violence and intimidation through threatening notices. In the minds of the authorities, these outrages were committed by members of a secret society, called the “Ribbon Society”, which was deemed to be the embodiment of a nation-wide conspiracy of Irish Catholics to exterminate all Protestants in the country (Beames 1982). However, present-day historians are divided in their opinion on the existence of such a society, as for example, Garvin (1982: 154), who claims that “local agrarian groups simply accepted the label wished upon them by magistrates, police and other outsiders”. Thus, there is no consensus about the identity and existence of the “Ribbon Society” from an external point of view. This paper analyses how the identity of this socially marginalised group is constructed from an internal point of view through means of a CDA analysis of a collection of threatening notices written by those accused of membership of the Ribbon Society. I argue that the notices constitute a form of public discourse that is controlled by the labouring classes, and that through means of positive self and negative other representation the senders justify and legitimise their own actions and beliefs, while criminalising those of their intended targets, thus constructing an identity as defender of the labouring classes, and using the notices as a form of social protest.

Krytyczna analiza dyskursu – podstawowe założenia, implikacje, zastosowanie

Numerous examples of research in the field of pedagogics which are using critical approach to discourse analysis show the diversity in theoretical background and methodology. An example of a group of critical approaches is Critical Discourse Analysis. The general framework of Critical Discourse Analysis is important both for maintaining the identity of CDA, thereby highlighting the reasonableness of this group of approaches, and for dissemination of knowledge concerning it, especially among less experienced researchers. The paper presents the basic assumptions of Critical Discourse Analysis and their implications for educational research as well as practical guidelines to apply to the CDA approach, which is represented by Ruth Wodak.

The Verbal Configuration In Cell Ads Language (A Critical Discourse Analysis)

The study is about the phenomena of The verbal configurationin Cell ads language at describing the forms and meanings behind and the social factor caused. The object of the study is all cell ads in Makassar that have been introduced in media whether visual or non-visual. The study is descriptive in introducing Bourdieu’s social theory towards NourmanFairlough's CDA approach which declares the new prespective from both sides.

Ideological Traces in Political Texts: A CDA Approach towards News Representation and Translation of Iran’s Nuclear Program in English and Persian Written Media

This study intends to discuss the concept of rewriting in translating political news texts, specifically the news related to Iran’s nuclear program. Since the ideology of the patronage plays the main role in establishing news texts, we have adopted critical discourse analysis to uncover the role of underlying ideological insight in producing the source text (ST) and the target text (TT). Through this paper, we attempt to illustrate whether the meaning of news items are preserved within translation or they are changed to cope with the ideology of patronage.

“We should…” versus “We will…”: How do the governments report their work in “One Country Two Systems”? A corpus-driven critical discourse analysis of government work reports in Greater China

AbstractCritical discourse analysis (CDA) in conjunction with a corpus-driven analytical methodology has evolved into a powerful qualitative and quantitative tool for deconstructing and studying political discourse. This study utilizes a corpus-driven CDA approach to examine the dynamics of power distance and the ideological stance in the context of Greater China, as conveyed in the 2013 Report on the Work of the Government of Mainland China and the Policy Address in Hong Kong. Concordancing software was used to generate frequency lists, co-selection patterns, and concgrams for detailed analysis. In particular, study examines differences in usage of the first-person plural pronoun

Critical Discourse Analysis and Educational Research

In late 1970s a group of linguists and literary theorists at the University of East Angelia played a pivotal role in developing critical linguistics (Fowler et. al., 1979; Kress & Hodges, 1979). CL was based on Halliday's Systematic Functional Linguistics (SFL). The Critical Linguists began to use CL as research tool (Fowler et. al., 1979; Fowler, 1991).CDA stemmed out from CL. Van Djik, Wodak, Leeuwen and Norman Fairclough are significant protagonists of CDA approach. Review of literature reveals that different models of CDA have come forth such as Van Djik (Socio-Cognitive Model), Wodak (Discourse Sociolinguistic), Leeuwen (Social Semiotics Model) and Fairclough(Critical Discourse Analysis). CDA is used to analyze the written and spoken texts to explore the discursive sources of power, dominance inequality and bias. It systematically explore the opaque relationships. The historical descriptive research methodology was used for this study. This paper aimed to review the literature related to CDA and its development and to find the answer of the question whether could we use CDA in educational research? The study revealed that CDA is an emerging approach and methodology that has successfully attracted the attention of researchers interested in carrying out research on the relationship between superstructures and social issues. The CDA is critiqued due to four reasons first, Political and Social ideologies are projected onto the data rather than being reveled through the data, second, there is an unequal balance between social theory and linguistic method ,third any discourse analyses are extracted from social contexts and fourth, this methodology is not systematic (Roger, et al., 2003; Widdowson, 1998). Educational researchers are using this approach for instance, (Bloom & Certer, 2001; Lemke, 1992; Peyntong-Young, 2001), studies of policy (Collins, 2001; Corson, 2000, Woodside-Jiron,2000),and interactions in classrooms and schools (Bloome & Egan-Robertson, 1993; Kumarvadivelu,1999; Roger,2003). CDA approach can be used in the field of educational research particularly to reveal the relationships between the ideology and power (a basic factor for national educational policy) as well as teaching and learning process.

Veja o fim do arco-íris – uma análise do artigo “A geração tolerância” e a construção de identidades homossexuais

Discursive representation of events and practices is one of the most frequent activities in human experience. Either in ordinary activities or in specialized ones, representation takes part in different social practices in which people engage themselves, influencing one’s particular perspectives on world. This paper discusses the representation and identifi cation of homosexual Brazilian youngsters in Veja magazine – the largest weekly news magazine in Brazil. It is based on CDA approach (Fairclough, 2003; Chouliaraki and Fairclough, 1999), associated with studies about ideology and mass media in Thompson (1998, p. 2002) and identity theory in Hall (2001). Applying analytical categories such as intertextuality, polyphony, presupposition, evaluation and modality (Resende and Ramalho, 2009), it was possible to unveil linguistic structures which establish opposite perspectives between past and present social struggles. Thus it was possible to find that, in spite of bring forth the subject of homosexuality, the magazine shows sexist views which legitimate stereotypes in a veiled way. Key words: discourses, representation, critical discourse analysis, mass media, homosexuality.

The power of language and ELT textbooks

This study investigates how language is employed in EFL textbooks to represent a society and its members. The idea that textbooks are neutral and they just serve to transmit knowledge is no longer accepted (Hodge and kress, 1993; van Dijk, 1998; Howard and Dedo, 1989). Howard and Dedo (1989) point out that textbooks can disseminate the idea of accepting power and taking it as natural. This pr study applies the CDA approach, more specifically Hodge and Kress's framework (1993), to a selection of texts found in Spectrum, as sample of EFL textbooks studied in certain EFL institutes in Iran.