CCD Method Research Articles

Reduction of speckle effect using galvanometer scanners in a laser-based uniform source for radiance responsivity measurement

Narrow linewidth lasers play an important role in high-spectral and high-precision radiometric calibration. In this paper, a standard uniform light source for radiometric calibration of imaging detectors and devices is designed and realized based on narrow linewidth laser and intergrating sphere. Because the speckle effect caused by laser has a great influence on the radiance transfer, galvanometer scanners were employed to reduce the speckle effect. CCD method was used to measure the nonuniformity of the middle row/column of the integrating sphere exit, and nonuniformity reduced from 2.6 % to 0.72 % when the galvanometer scanners were turned on. By superimposing 9 different regions of static speckle image, the non-uniformity is greatly reduced, which is consistent with the experimental results. The output radiance stability of the source is measured with an improvement from 8.4 × 10-5 to 2.7 × 10-5. Finally, the nonuniformity of the source is measured to be 0.15 % by a spot luminance meter.

Measurement of Gaussian laser beam radius using nanosecond-pulse laser etching of titanium film

A method for measuring the Gaussian laser beam radius based on nanosecond-pulse laser etching (NPLE) was proposed. The NPLE method has the advantages of simple operation, low cost and high accuracy. It can be used to directly measure the laser beam size in the range of 0.25 ∼ 6 W without attenuating the laser energy. In the experiments, 1064 nm pulsed laser beam was used to etch titanium film, the size and position of the laser beam waist were measured. The experimental results are consistent with the calibration values of the CCD method, it indicates that the NPLE method is feasible.

Organic pollutants degradation by a superb MXene-based Z-scheme heterojunction Photocatalyst: Synthesize, delamination process, mechanism and toxicity assessment

In this study, a new CeO2/MXene-TiO2 photocatalyst was created using a simple and economical approach and thoroughly characterized by different techniques, including TEM, XPS, BET, XRD, Raman, and SEM. The focus of this research was to improve the degradation of tetracycline (TC), a commonly used antibiotic with known environmental and health risks. To optimize the degradation process, RSM- CCD method was used to systematically vary key parameters including initial TC concentration, photocatalyst dosage, pH and irradiation time. The trapping experiments were revealed that the hydroxyl (•OH) and superoxide anion (•O2-) radicals played a crucial role in this process. An impressive degradation efficiency of 96.60 % was achieved under optimal conditions, attributed to the Z-scheme electron transfer heterojunction, which enhances the generation and separation of oxidant species. LC-MS analysis was employed to elucidate the photodegradation pathway of TC by identifying the reaction intermediates. This analysis facilitated the proposal of a plausible mechanism for TC degradation. The demonstrated efficacy of the CeO₂/MXene-TiO₂ photocatalyst suggests its potential application in wastewater treatment for the significant degradation of persistent organic contaminants.

Parametric investigation and RSM optimization of DBD plasma methods (direct & indirect) for H2S conversion in the air

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is known as a harmful pollutant for the environment and human health, and its emission control is a high priority. Non-thermal plasma is an effective technology in this field. In this study, for the first time, the performance of direct and indirect H2S plasma conversion methods was compared, optimized, and modeled with the CCD method. H2S was diluted in zero air, and the study investigated the effect of discharge power, relative humidity, total flow rate, initial H2S concentration, and their interactions. ANOVA results showed that the models for H2S conversion efficiency and energy yield were significant and efficient. The direct method achieved a maximum conversion efficiency of 56 % and energy yield of 3.43 g/kWh, while the indirect method produced 68 % conversion efficiency and 1.59 g/kWh energy yield. According to the process optimization results, the direct conversion method is more optimal than the indirect conversion method due to the presence of active species and high-energy electrons in the plasma treatment, and it is a better choice if there are suitable working conditions.

Procedure Optimization for Green Synthesis of Magnetic‐Copper Nanoparticles by Aqueous Alcea Medicinal Plant Extract and Their Photocatalytic Properties

AbstractIn this research, the biosynthesis method was used for Fe3O4/CuO core‐shell nanocomposite using by aqueous Alcea medicinal plant extract, which aimed to synthesize antibacterial substances against common resistant bacteria. Antibacterial effects of various samples synthesized in different concentrations were evaluated against gram‐positive and negative bacteria in Mueller Hilton agar culture medium. The photocatalytic properties were carried out in a period of 140 minutes, and the maximum effect of the sample was 76 % in 100 minutes. FTIR, SEM, EDX and XRD tests confirmed the correct to design the experiment. synthesis of the nanocomposite with an average size of 38 nm and a surface charge of 23.1 mV. To obtain the best and most effective conditions for the synthesis of antibacterial nanoparticles, the CCD method was used. The main purpose of this research work is to use a medicinal plant as a reducer in the synthesis of metal composite nanoparticles, which plant itself has healing and antimicrobial properties in traditional medical science.

Advanced psoriasis treatment: Development and optimization of resorcinol-loaded nanoemulgel with lavender oil

<p>Psoriasis, a long-term autoimmune illness, affects 2%–5% of people worldwide. Drugs from BCS class II that are commonly used to treat psoriasis include resorcinol, which presents burning feelings and itchiness as adverse effects. To minimize adverse effects and increase the effectiveness of treatment, a topical nanoemulgel was developed in the current research. A resorcinol-loaded nanoemulgel was developed using the nanoemulsion technique, and the Design Expert<sup>®</sup> CCD method was used for optimization. Particle size (PS), zeta potential (ZP), and percentage of entrapment efficiency (EE%) served as the foundation for the optimization. The morphology, chemical interactions between excipients, crystallinity, and thermal behavior of the optimized resorcinol-loaded nanoemulgel were examined by TEM, FTIR, and XRD physicochemical studies. The resorcinol-loaded nanoemulgel was successfully loaded and characterized. For the in vitro release, the dialysis bag technique was employed. The ideal PS, PDI, and ZP values for the optimized resorcinol-loaded nanoemulgel were 31.32 ± 3.1 nm, 0.24 ± 0.005, and −10.6 ± 1.0 mV, respectively. The FTIR data revealed that no chemical interactions were observed between the components of resorcinol-loaded nanoemulgel, while the TEM results supported the spherical shape. The in vitro study confirmed a sustained release of resorcinol-loaded nanoemulgel.</p>

Optimization of chloride ion removal from drinking water using graphene oxide modified with AgNO3 via CCD-based RSM method

Chloride (Cl−) is one of the pollutants that can cause significant health risks when its concentration is high in drinking water. Utilizing adsorption has a superiority in removing pollutants from water due to their large active surface area, small volume, and high adsorption capacity. Herin, graphene oxide (GO) modified with AgNO3 was used for Cl− removal. FESEM, EDAX, FTIR, zeta potential (ζ), and XRD analysis were employed for the characterization of synthesized adsorbent. The maximum Cl− removal (99.24 %) was achieved under optimized conditions by RSM based on CCD method (adsorbent dosage: 2 g/L, Cl− concentration: 30 mg/L, and reaction time: 17 min). The models of Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms were employed to determine the adsorption process. It was found that the Langmuir isotherm model with an R2 value of 0.9987 described the Cl−removal process appropriately. Finally, a comparison between the adsorbent's performance before and after modification with AgNO3 was made, demonstrating that the modified absorbent provided 87 % better efficiency than the unmodified adsorbent in the case of Cl−removal.

RSM Optimization of Direct Orange 26 Adsorption on Low-Cost Silica Fume Adsorbent

Today, dye pollutants enter resources of water through various industries. Due to the stability and carcinogenicity of dye pollutants, it is necessary to treat colored wastewater before entering the aqueous cycle. One of the important methods for wastewater treatment is adsorption. In this study, the effect of industrial waste of silica fume adsorbent on azo dye Direct Orange 26 (DO26) was investigated. Design of experiment was carried out with CCD method by using Design Expert software version 7 to model and investigate the effects of parameters pH, concentration, amount of adsorbent, and time. The model proposed by the software is a second-order model. According to the findings, important and effective parameters for the quadratic model of experimental design were obtained from ANOVA (analysis of variance). The optimum conditions for the maximum removal of DO26 (95.26%) were obtained to be at pH 2.01, contact time of 55.15 minutes, adsorbent amount of 0.2 g, and initial concentration of 44 ppm. The experimental kinetic data were analyzed through the conventional kinetic models, and the results demonstrate that the sorption kinetics can be accurately described by the pseudo-second order model. Also, based on FESEM image, silica fume has a spherical and porous structure, therefore, silica fume can remove dye pollutants from water as a cheap adsorbent.

Multivariate optimization of pyrolysis process parameters for biochar production

Poultry litter is an abundant agricultural waste that poses a health risk when improperly disposed. To mitigate this problem, poultry litter can be used as fuel in combustion. The objective is to develop models that can optimize pyrolysis parameters for improved biochar quality and yield. Prior, the poultry litter is demineralized to reduce inorganic elements. RSM–CCD method developed models and optimized temperature, particle size, and reaction time to determine the outputs (biochar yield, higher heating value, H/C ratio, and energy yield). The developed models were significant with a p–value < 0.05. Maximum biochar yield (59.49%) was obtained at optimum pyrolysis parameters of 300 °C, 2.47mm, and 15 min. Maximum higher heating value (22.2MJKg–1) and energy yield (70.00%) were obtained at 300 °C, 4.04mm, and 15 min. Low H/C ratio was 0.03 at 550 °C, 1.17mm, and 15 min. ANOVA analysis verified the validity and degree of fitness of the developed models. Low standard deviation (< 7.00), small coefficient of variation (< 14.00%), high R2 (> 0.80), low difference of Adjusted R2 and Predicted R2 (< 0.20) and high adequate precision (> 4.00) verified the model’s adequacy for good precision. Models’ desirability function was satisfactory (> 4) with a 5.00% deviation from experimental values.

Effects of nanoparticles on mechanical and microstructural properties of cement composite pastes at high temperature and high pressure

This study aims to investigate the effects of nanoalumina (nano-Al2O3, NA) and nanotitanium dioxide (nano-TiO2, NT) particles on the mechanical and microstructural properties of oil well cement composite pastes. Eleven groups of cement composite pastes mixed with NA (0.5–2.5 wt.%), NT (0.5–2.5 wt.%) particles and silica flour were designed by central composite response surface design method (CCD method). Meanwhile, a reference group (SF-OWC) consisting of oil well cement and silica flour was designed. These pastes were cured at 300 °C/13.0 MPa in an autoclave to simulate the downhole condition during the steam injection process in steam injection wells. The compressive strength and Young's modulus of cured cement composite pastes were tested, and mathematical models were developed to evaluating the response of NA and NT particle content on compressive strength and Young's modulus. Moreover, the mineralogy and microstructural evolution of the pastes were investigated using multi-technique methods. The results showed that the compressive strength of the mixed nanoparticles modified SF-OWC composite pastes increased by 7.5%–36.4% compared to the reference group. Moreover, this enhancement is more significant when the incorporated NA or NT particles dominate the mixed nanoparticles. The model prediction results show that adding 2.5 wt.% NA and 0.5 wt.% NT particles or adding 0.5 wt.% NA and 2.5 wt.% NT could increase the compressive strength of cement composite pastes by 58.8% and 37.5%, respectively. The mechanism analysis showed that when the incorporated mixed nanoparticles were mainly NT particles, the improvement of mechanical properties was mainly attributed to the filling effect and nuclear effect of NT particles. When the incorporated mixed nanoparticles were mainly NA particles, more C-(A)-S-H gels were retained and tightly filled and bonded with xonotlite, which made the microstructure of the cement composite pastes more dense, stronger bonding, and more conducive to resistance to load or stress variations.

Synergistic activation of persulfate by ultrasound/PbO2 anodic oxidation system for effective degradation of naproxen, a toxic and bio-recalcitrant pollutant: Process optimization and application for pharmaceutical wastewater

Naproxen (NPX) is a widely used pain reliever that conventional treatment systems are unable to fully mineralize its residues in wastewater. The aim of this study is to develop a synergistic persulfate activation system based on ultrasound/PbO2 anodic oxidation process (US/PS/AO) for effective degradation of NPX and improving the biodegradability of pharmaceutical wastewater. PbO2 electrocatalyst was prepared by anodic deposition and then its characteristics were determined by FESEM, EDX and XRD techniques. Optimizing the effect of independent variables on NPX removal was done using an CCD method. The performance of the optimized US/PS/AO process for NPX degradation and TOC mineralization after 60 min of reaction was 98.5 % and 73.6 %, respectively. The reusability of the PbO2 electrocatalyst was maintained above 97 % in ten continuous oxidation cycles for NPX degradation. Also, the cumulative concentration of leaked lead (53 μg L−1) was within the permitted standard for discharging wastewater into the river. Using HPLC-mass spectrometer data, possible pathways for NPX mineralization were suggested. The biodegradability of pharmaceutical wastewater with the optimized US/PS/AO and PS/AO processes increased to above 0.4 after 100 and 150 min of treatment, respectively. However, the total energy consumption in the PS/AO process (US power = 0, EC = 83 kWh kg−1 COD) is significantly lower than the US/PS/AO (US power = 100 W, EC = 982 kWh kg−1 COD). The findings of the present study can contribute to the development of a cheap, safe, and effective integrated AOP for the treatment of pharmaceutical wastewater containing non-biodegradable compounds.

Synthesis of magnesium oxide nanoparticles and its application for photocatalytic removal of furfural from aqueous media: Optimization using response surface methodology

Furfural is a toxic compound with an LD50 of 65 mg/kg that is produced in many industries, such as paper industries, petrochemical industries, and oil refineries. This compound exists in various concentrations in these industries and is released into the environment. Therefore, removing this contaminant from the wastewater of production units is among the environmental priorities of every company. This study investigated the optimization of photocatalytic removal of furfural using synthesized magnesium oxide nanoparticles (MgONPs) by the response surface method (RSM). In this study, MgONPs were prepared by the direct precipitation method, and the characteristics of the nanoparticles (NPs) were examined using XRD and SEM analyses. The effect of various operating parameters, including pH (3, 7, and 11), contact time (15, 90, and 165 min), initial concentration of furfural (25, 150, and 275 mg/L), dose of NPs (125, 687.5, and 1250 mg/L), and UV radiation intensity (8, 15, and 30 µW/cm2) on furfural removal was explored. Furfural concentration was measured using a spectrophotometer at a wavelength of 277 nm. The number of samples was determined by the CCD method. Data were analyzed using MINITAB 16 software. The optimal removal conditions based on variance analysis and appropriate model were obtained at a pH of 6, NP dose of 1 g/L, initial concentration of 250 mg/L, reaction time of 160 min, and UV radiation intensity of 30 µW/m2. Under these conditions, the removal efficiencies for both furfural and COD were 99.97%. The results of the analysis of the synthesized MgONPs also showed that the direct precipitation method is a fast and low-cost method for the synthesis of MgONPs. Results showed that the photocatalytic process in the presence of synthesized MgONPs is highly efficient in removing furfural from aqueous media.

Optimization of argon-air DBD plasma-assisted grafting of polyacrylic acid on electrospun POSS-PCUU

It is accepted that significant interfacial reactions take place in engineered tissues between biomaterial surfaces and the host's tissue in the body. The lack of appropriate functional groups limits long-term biocompatibility and successful biological response of biomaterials. Therefore, the cell-biomaterial affinity should be increased by functional groups grafting to the surface of biomaterials which provide the basic properties of the desired tissue. For the first time in this study, PAAc grafting was performed using two-step argon-air DBD plasma at atmospheric pressure in a few seconds of exposure time, to modify the surface of POSS-PCUU nanofibers to selectively increase their superficial properties while maintaining the required mechanical properties. The Response Surface Methodology was used for experimental design to optimize the operating conditions of carboxylic acid grafting at the electrospun POSS-PCUU surface. Nanofiber surface modification was confirmed using ATR-FTIR, FE-SEM, AFM, WCA, and tensile test. The grafting of PAAc to the nanofiber surface was proved by the presence of a broad hydroxyl band in ATR-FTIR spectrum, the morphological changes observed in the SEM and AFM images, and the reduction of the water contact angle. The stress-strain behavior at the optimum point also showed an acceptable reduction in tensile strength. Furthermore, the effects of two variables, plasma processing time and plasma copolymerization time were optimized and investigated using the CCD method at five levels of carboxylic acid grafting density. The grafting of PAAc onto the nanofiber surface (73.69 ± 2.1 μg/cm2) produced at reaction conditions displayed great agreement with the predicted results by the model. Results showed that the modified PAAc-POSS-PCUU nanofibers will be a desirable surface for the immobilization of various ECM proteins with high potential in small-diameter vascular graft applications.

STUDY ON MODIFICATION OF YAM STARCH (Dioscorea alata L.) CREATING SLOW DIGESTING STARCH BY ACID HYDROLYSIS

This study was conducted to modify yam starch to create slowly digestible starch (SDS) by the acid method to create the highest SDS starch on the basis of evaluating the effect of citric acid concentration (15 – 45%), temperature (37.5 – 52.5oC) and hydrolysis time (1.5 – 10.5 h) was performed based on the multivariable modelby CCD method, and the starch content SDSmax was the dependent response. The results showed that the quadratic model obtained is significant (p < 0.05), the reliability of the model R2 = 0.979 showed that the built regression model is suitable for the data set whether 97.9%. As a result, the highest SDS starch content is 18.052% at an acid concentration of 40,009%, a temperature of 39.962oC and a hydrolysis time of 8.933 h.Solubility increases due to temperature, swelling increases in the range temperature of 50 – 70oC and decreases from 70 – 90oC; the viscosity of starch tends to decrease after denaturation.

Impacts of heuristic parameters in PSO inverse kinematics solvers

Abstract In this paper, an investigation is conducted in order to understand impacts of Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) parameters on the convergence and the quality of the inverse kinematics solutions provided by the IK-PSO (inverse kinematics solver using PSO) – a heuristic inverse kinematics solver algorithm. Over a large panel of parameters investigations, a statistical proof of convergence is provided for 5 links to 60 links articulated system. A recommended set of parameters intervals are presented for this class of IK problems. Investigations are based on the standard inertia weight PSO, and concerned the impact of the inertia weight, the swarm size and the maximum iteration number. For a given set of parameters, the existence of a solution with a given position error is also proved. All tests were conducted over 100 times. The density of probability function, PDF, is used to approximate and analyze the fineness functions, which are the square of the position error. Results showed IK-PSO is an interesting IK solver when a set of good parameters are used. For these parameters, the algorithm showed a statistical proof of convergence with a high resolution, by mean of error position. The algorithm also showed time-effectiveness compared to CCD method, which is assumed to be a real-time IK heuristic solver used in gaming.

Comparative Performance Analysis and Optimization of Acrylic Evacuated Tube Solar Collector with Water in Glass Tube Collector Through RSM

The dominant technique used to utilize solar energy to heat water for domestic, industrial, and commercial requirements is a solar water heater. This research work aims comparative performance analysis of acrylic evacuated tube solar collector with water in glass evacuated tube solar collector and also, to investigate the optimal value of process parameters affecting the performance of water in glass and acrylic evacuated tube solar collectors. In this research work, the intensity of solar radiation, tilt angle of the collector, and the time are considered as independent variables. The temperature difference of water of glass evacuated tube solar collector and acrylic tube solar collector is measured as a response. The input parameters are optimized by using CCD method in RSM for the maximized value of the temperature difference. The result of the experiment shows that optimal values of solar radiation 843 W/m2, tilt angle of solar collector 32.1°, and time period is 59.2 min are for maximized value of temperature difference of water 7.4°C for glass and 7.7°C for acrylic evacuated tube solar collectors respectively. The experimental result deviates 1.33% in glass and -1.3% in acrylic tube solar collector from simulated values.

Energy recovery from high density polyethylene plastic via pyrolysis with upgrading of the product by a novel nano MIL-53 (Cu) derived@Y zeolite catalyst using response surface methodology

Pyrolysis of plastics is an economical method to recover valuable fuels from waste sources. In this study, the response surface methodology is adopted to model the behavior for the pyrolysis of high-density polyethylene (HDPE). The three operating parameters of temperature in the range of 415 to 585 ° C, feed density in a window between 959 and 967 kg/m3 and reactor loading range from 23 to 57% were selected as the main variables. Using the thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) study for different heat transfer rates, the range at which the feed is fully converted was determined, thus ensuring that the correct operating temperature range was selected. By drawing difference thermogravimetry (DTG) curves and using a dynamic model, the activation energy for converting heavy and light feeds was determined to be 300.984 and 273.57 kJ/mol, respectively. Analysis of the experimental results using the (Central Composite Design) CCD method shows the ease of pyrolysis of light feed, which is agreed upon with less activation energy. As the main goal of this study, the effect of parameters on the liquid fuel production was investigated, and it was turned out that under optimum conditions, the amount of liquid fuel production will be 95.3%. For the optimal conditions, a temperature of 500 ° C, feed density is 963 kg/m3 and reactor loading rate of 40% were determined. Analysis of the exhaust gases also showed that propylene and ethane are the most abundant components of this phase. Furthermore, with the help of analysis of variance, the proposed model to produce liquid fuel and gas yield was evaluated as a significant and the accurate model. Finally, under the optimized conditions, by using a new MIL-53 (Cu) derived @ Zeolite Y catalyst, the percentage of heavy compounds in the fuel was meaningfully reduced, and at the same time, the octane number of the gasoline produced was considerably improved. Based on the energy considerations, it was calculated that the recovery of energy from combustion as well as the sensible energy of the exhaust gases from the reactor, leads to significant savings in total energy consumption to produce each gram of liquid fuel.

Antibacterial and in vivo studies of poly(ɛ-caprolactone)-silver electrospun nanofibers: effect of preparation methods on the properties

Poly(ɛ-caprolactone)-silver nanocomposite were prepared by two main methods of metal-polymer nanocomposite preparation approaches, in situ and ex situ methods, by electrospinning. Effective parameters on electrospun nanofibers were optimized by Design Expert, CCD method. Using in situ and ex situ methods, effect of incorporating silver nanoparticle into Poly(ɛ-caprolactone) on conductivity, average fiber diameter, morphology of nanofiber mats and antibacterial properties were investigated. According to Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) and Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX) analysis, average fibers diameters decreased by increasing incorporated Ag nanoparticles. Conductivity results confirmed the higher content of silver nanoparticles in in situ samples. Antibacterial test was performed against two bacteria types: Staphylococcus-aureus and Escherichia-coli. Due to higher content and smaller size of Ag nanoparticles incorporated in nanofibers, silver-loaded PCL electrospun nanofibers obtained by in situ method showed higher antibacterial efficiency in comparison to the ex situ samples. Moreover, Ag particles had more effects on Staphylococcus aureus due to sensitive membrane of this type of bacteria. In vivo study has proved that in situ samples improved the wounds on Wistar rat lateral part of body skin. Antibacterial and in vivo results showed that PCL-Ag nanofiber mats obtained by in situ method are suitable for medical applications.

Evaluating the cytotoxicity of single-walled and multi-walled carbon nanotubes as a scaffold for human chondrocyte stem cell precursors and optimizing the operational conditions

Tissue engineering has attained great versatility and robustness, thanks to introduction of different biomaterials as scaffolds. In this study, an undifferentiated mesenchymal stem cell line was isolated from the amniotic membrane source and differentiated to human chondrocyte stem cell precursors. The differentiation was confirmed by morphological and molecular methods such as invert microscope, flow cytometry, alizarin and oil red staining. The cytotoxicity of six types of carbon nanotubes (CNTs), including pristine, carboxylic and hydroxylic single-walled and multi-walled CNTs were evaluated using MTT assay. The purity of six exploited CNTs was evaluated using inductively coupled plasma (ICP). Response surface methodology (RSM) was performed for optimizing the operational conditions to obtain the minimal toxic effects of the CNT scaffold for the isolated human chondrocyte stem cells precursors. The results of screening studies indicated that the carboxylic SWCNT and MWCNT showed the least toxicity (90%, 82% cell viability respectively, at the concentrations of 100 μg mL−1). After optimizing the operational conditions, it was suggested that a combination of 50.73 μg mL−1 SWCNT, 50.05 μg mL−1 MWCNT, and 248400 cells mL−1 will bring the minimal amount of stem cell cytotoxicity (85% viability). The model prediction of 85% stem cell viability was verified experimentally as 81%. This agreement (95%) between the predicted and observed cell viability levels confirmed the precision of the applied CCD method. Our developed protocol might be employed to stablish an acceptable strategy to exploit pristine and functionalized CNTs as the scaffold materials for potential tissue engineering of soft tissues in orthopedics.

Quantitative analysis and experimental study of the influence of process parameters on the evolution of laser cladding

To avoid and eliminate cracks on the surface of a workpiece, it is very important to quantitatively analyse the temperature field, stress field, and flow field during the laser cladding process. This paper uses the finite element method to establish a multiphysics coupling model based on the laser cladding process of a disc laser. The thermophysical parameters of the base material ASTM 1045 and the powder material Fe60 are calculated by the CALPHAD method. In the modelling, the mutual influence between the light powder is considered but also the influence of the surface tension and buoyancy of the liquid metal in the molten pool on the flow of the molten pool and the dynamic change of the cladding layer morphology are considered. In the laser cladding process, the distribution and change law of the temperature field, flow field, and stress field are obtained. An infrared thermometer was used to measure the temperature during the cladding process, and a Zeiss-ƩIGMA HD scanning electron microscope was used to observe the outline of the cladding layer, which verified the accuracy of the mathematical model. The response surface model was established by the CCD method, and the influence law of the process parameters on the cladding layer was determined. The influence of laser power, beam radius, and scanning speed process parameters on the changes of temperature field, flow field, and stress field in the cladding process was analysed, providing an effective way to reduce residual stress.