Cavity Of Children Research Articles

MINIMALLY INVASIVE NEUROSURGERY IN PEDIATRIC PRACTICE: ACHIEVEMENTS AND LIMITATIONS

Minimally invasive neurosurgery (MINS) has gained significant importance in pediatric practice in recent decades. This area of medicine is aimed at reducing tissue injury, reducing hospital stay and reducing postoperative complications, which is especially important for children with their vulnerable anatomy and physiology. One of the methods used in MINS is neuroendoscopy. This method allows for interventions on the brain and spinal cord with minimal incisions. An important achievement is the endoscopic third ventriculostomy, which is used to treat hydrocephalus. This method has become an alternative to traditional bypass surgery. The use of catheters and microspirals for embolization of aneurysms or malformations avoids open operations on brain vessels and significantly reduces the risk of complications such as bleeding and infections. Intraoperative neuronavigation systems and robotic manipulators increase the accuracy of intervention, which is especially important when working with a small volume of the cranial cavity in children. Laser methods make it possible to remove tumors with high accuracy without damaging the surrounding tissues. Ultrasound aspiration helps to destroy dense tumors safely and effectively. However, the use of MINS in pediatrics has a number of limitations. Children have thinner and more fragile tissues, which increases the risk of complications even with minimally invasive interventions. In addition, the growth of the body requires taking into account further changes in anatomy, which complicates the planning of operations. MINS requires high-tech equipment, which is not available in all medical institutions, especially in developing countries. Despite the wide possibilities, some diseases of the central nervous system, such as large tumors or complex malformations, still require open surgery. The success of minimally invasive interventions depends on highly qualified specialists and continuous training in new techniques. Not all neurosurgeons have the necessary skills to work with children within the framework of the Ministry of Health. Thus, minimally invasive neurosurgery in pediatrics has significant achievements and potential for further development, however, there are certain limitations associated with the anatomical features of children, the complexity of technology and the availability of equipment.

The Influence of the Story DONI AND GIGINYA on Oral Hygiene Behavior in Preschool Children Banyuwangi

Oral hygiene problems that cause damage to the oral cavity in children in Indonesia are still high, reaching 57.6%. So it is very important to pay attention because this is an important growth stage. Damaged teeth can cause delayed tooth development in later life. The method of oral hygiene that attracts the attention of preschool children is the storytelling method. The aim of this research is to determine the effect of stories on oral hygiene behavior in preschool children. This method is quantitative research using a quasi-experimental design (one group pre-test and posttest). The population consisted of 50 individuals, and the sampling technique used was total sampling, using an observation checklist sheet to measure how to brush teeth. Statistical tests use the Wilcoxon Test. The results of the research showed that after the story was given, there was an increase, namely 30 children behaved good, 18 children behaved enough, and 2 children behaved poorly. Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test results with a value of p=000<0.05, the analysis shows that the story "Doni and Giginya" influences the oral hygiene behavior of preschool children. The story "Doni and Giginya" has been proven to affect increasing children's oral hygiene knowledge and behavior. Therefore, parents or guardians of children can utilize audio-visual media in other forms that have moral messages so that children's knowledge and behavior regarding oral hygiene in particular and health, in general, can increase. Keywords: Stories, Oral Hygiene Behavior, Preschool

Effects of Medication on Asthma and the Development of Caries Cavities in Children Aged 3-15 at Luz Hospital in Lisbon, Portugal.

To examine the impact of medication on asthma treatment and the occurrence of caries cavities in children aged 3 to 15 years old (Luz Hospital in Lisbon, Portugal). The frequency of caries cavities in 3 different groups was examined. In addition, the possible association of caries cavities with different asthmatic medication was also assessed. Asthma and caries cavities affect many children worldwide. Investigating the connection between asthma medication and the development of caries cavities is important for enhancing asthma treatment while reducing oral health risks. Exploring the relationship between asthma medication and caries cavities is compelling due to the limited number of conclusive studies on the subject. A descriptive observational study was conducted on children aged 3 to 15 years old, who attended the immunology-allergology and dentistry services at the Luz Hospital in Lisbon, Portugal. between January 2021 and February 2022. The sample was divided into 3 groups (medicated asthmatics, unmedicated asthmatics, and healthy children without asthma). An intraoral examination was performed to collect the DMFT index (decayed, missing, and filled teeth) to assess the presence of caries cavities. Clinical and dietary data were supplemented with a questionnaire and medical history in all groups. All variables used were qualitative and described using absolute frequencies and percentages. These results showed that anti-asthmatic medications may influence the development of caries cavities. The occurrence of caries cavities is more prominent in medicated asthmatic children when compared to unmedicated asthmatic children.

Initial development of the Sugar-Sweetened Fruit Drink Questionnaire for examining beliefs, knowledge, and behaviors in an intervention to reduce sugar-sweetened fruit drink intake in Alaska Native children.

Alaska Native children may be at increased risk for dental caries because of added sugar intake from sugar-sweetened fruit drinks. This study describes development of a questionnaire to (a) assess Alaska Native caregivers' beliefs, knowledge, and behaviors regarding sugar-sweetened fruit drinks, and (b) describe behavior changes within a community-based intervention. Questionnaire development was conducted in three phases with Yup'ik Alaska Native caregivers in Southwest Alaska: (1) initial selection and adaptation of questionnaire items; (2) cognitive testing; and (3) data collection. The Sugar-Sweetened Fruit Drink Questionnaire (SFDQ) contains 31 culturally-tailored items across six areas: beliefs/values, environment/skills, knowledge, motivation, self-efficacy, and behaviors. Eighty-one percent of caregivers gave their children sugar-sweetened fruit drinks. Motivations included: what they grew up with (52%), few other options (46%), makes child happy (46%), healthier than soda (45%), and others in community drink them (42%). On average, 93% of caregivers believed drinking a lot of sugar-sweetened fruit drinks leads to cavities in children and caregivers agreed (mean 4.1 on 5-point scale, 5 = strongly agree) it is important to limit sugar-sweetened fruit drinks. Among a sub-sample of respondents (n = 20), we found low to moderate temporal stability in some SFDQ items over a 10-14 day period, indicating respondent ambivalence and/or uncertainty. Using community-based participatory research methods, we developed a culturally tailored exploratory questionnaire that will be used to describe changes in caregiver knowledge, beliefs, attitudes, self-efficacy, and behavior within a planned intervention to reduce sugar-sweetened fruit drink intake in Alaska Native children.

Selected Saliva-Derived Cytokines and Growth Factors Are Elevated in Pediatric Dentofacial Inflammation.

Dentofacial inflammation resulting from untreated dental caries is a serious disease that can spread to deeper tissues of the neck and face. This study aimed to analyze salivary cytokine profiles as potential biomarkers of acute odontogenic infections in children. The study group consisted of 28 children aged 3-17 years old with acute dentofacial infections (DI) and a control group (caries experience, CE) of 52 children aged 4-17 years old with uncomplicated dental caries. The cytokine profile was analyzed using the Bio-Plex Pro Human Cytokine 27-Plex kit in the saliva of children in both groups. The levels of IL-4, IL-15, FGF-2, G-CSF, and PDGF-BB were significantly increased in children with dentofacial infections compared to the control group. In contrast, the levels of other cytokines, such as IL-2, IL-7, IL-9, IL-13, GM-CSF, and IFN-γ, did not show statistically significant differences between these two groups. IL-4, IL-15, FGF-2, G-CSF, and PDGF-BB may serve as potential selective biomarkers of inflammation of the oral cavity in children. These biomarkers can be useful in identifying and monitoring the progress and treatment of bacterial infections resulting in dentofacial inflammation.

Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) involving oral cavity in child.

Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) involving oral cavity in child.

Yuri Yu. Sokolov is 60 years old!

On May 27, 2024, Yuri Yu. Sokolov, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor, Member of the Editorial Board of journal “Russian Journal of Pediatric Surgery” celebrates his 60-year jubilee. The leading area of his scientific interest is minimally invasive surgery of malformations in the thoracic and abdominal cavities in children. Prof. Sokolov has conducted on-site master classes on pediatric endosurgery more than 50 times in various Russian cities and neighboring foreign countries. He was the first in Russia to perform laparoscopic (in 2005) and robot-assisted (in 2021) extirpation of a cyst in the common bile duct in a child.

Multilevel Interventions and Dental Attendance in Pediatric Primary Care

Untreated tooth decay is disproportionately present among low-income young children. While American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) guidelines require pediatric clinicians to implement oral health care, the effectiveness of these oral health interventions has been inconclusive. To test the effectiveness of multilevel interventions in increasing dental attendance and reducing untreated decay among young children attending well-child visits (WCVs). The Pediatric Providers Against Cavities in Children's Teeth study is a cluster randomized clinical trial that was conducted at 18 pediatric primary care practices in northeast Ohio. The trial data were collected between November 2017 and July 2022, with data analyses conducted from August 2022 to March 2023. Eligible participants included Medicaid-enrolled preschoolers aged 3 to 6 years attending WCVs at participating practices who were enrolled at baseline (WCV 1) and followed-up for 2 consecutive examinations (WCV 2 and WCV 3). Clinicians in the intervention group received both the practice-level (electronic medical record changes to document oral health) and clinician-level (common-sense model of self-regulation theory-based oral health education and skills training) interventions. Control group clinicians received AAP-based standard oral health education alone. Dental attendance was determined through clinical dental examinations conducted by hygienists utilizing International Caries Detection and Assessment System criteria and also from Medicaid claims data. Untreated decay was determined through clinical examinations. A generalized estimating equations (GEE) approach was used for both clinical examinations and Medicaid claims data. Eighteen practices were randomized to either intervention or control. Participants included 63 clinicians (mean [SD] age, 47.0 [11.3] years; 48 female [76.2%] and 15 male [23.8%]; 28 in the intervention group [44.4%]; 35 in the control group [55.6%]) and 1023 parent-child dyads (mean [SD] child age, 56.1 [14.0] months; 555 male children [54.4%] and 466 female children [45.6%]; 517 in the intervention group [50.5%]; 506 in the control group [49.5%]). Dental attendance from clinical examinations was significantly higher in the intervention group (170 children [52.0%]) vs control group (150 children [43.1%]) with a difference of 8.9% (95% CI, 1.4% to 16.4%; P = .02). The GEE model using clinical examinations showed a significant increase in dental attendance in the intervention group vs control group (adjusted odds ratio, 1.34; 95% CI, 1.07 to 1.69). From Medicaid claims, the control group had significantly higher dental attendance than the intervention group at 2 years (332 children [79.6%] vs 330 children [73.7%]; P = .04) but not at 3 years. A clinically but not statistically significant reduction in mean number of untreated decay was found in the intervention group compared with controls (B = -0.27; 95% CI, -0.56 to 0.02). In this cluster randomized clinical trial, children in the intervention group had better dental outcomes as was evidenced by increased dental attendance and lower untreated decay. These findings suggest that intervention group clinicians comprehensively integrated oral health services into WCVs. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03385629.

Expulsion of a Hydatid Cyst from the Liver with Intact Proligerous Membrane into the Peritoneal Cavity in Children: About 01 Cases

Introduction: Peritoneal hydatid disease (HP) is a parasitic condition secondary to seeding of the peritoneal serosa, primary or secondary, by Echinococcus granulosus larvae. Observation: Child aged 06, male, with no known history, admitted for diffuse abdominal pain lasting for 3 days in a context of fever; in whom the clinical examination revealed a peritoneal irritation syndrome. Ultrasound and abdominal CT showed the presence of a hypogastric cystic mass. Surgical exploration revealed a hydatid cyst with intact proligerous membrane free in the peritoneal cavity. Conclusion: Peritoneal hydatidosis with expulsion of a hydatid cyst from the liver with intact proligerous membrane into the peritoneal cavity is rare. Its treatment is surgical and the outcome is most often favorable.

Pediatric oral pathology in Saudi Arabia: A 10-year retrospective study at an academic dental hospital

IntroductionPediatric oral pathology encompasses a wide range of diseases and conditions affecting the oral cavity in children. In this study we conducted an analysis on a dataset from one academic center in Saudi Arabia to investigate the prevalence of various oral lesions in pediatric patients. MethodsTo conduct this study we analyzed oral pathology reports of pediatric patients (age range: 0–18 years) who underwent biopsies at our institution’s oral pathology laboratory between January 2012 and December 2022. The data we collected included demographic information and diagnostic findings. Statistical analysis was performed to determine the prevalence rates of and associations between different variables. ResultsThe study analyzed a total of 183 pediatric cases with oral pathologies. The most common conditions observed were mucocele (12 %), periapical granuloma (7.7 %), dentigerous cyst (6.6 %), and radicular cyst (6.6 %). Some conditions showed variations in prevalence based on age and gender. For example, mucoceles were more prevalent among patients who were 6–12 years of age and female. ConclusionThis retrospective study provides valuable insights into the prevalence and demographic characteristics of pediatric oral pathologies. By understanding the prevalence of conditions in this population and recognizing differences in distribution compared with those cited in other studies, we highlighted the importance of considering regional and demographic influences. Further prospective studies are needed to investigate factors that may contribute to these variations.

Functional and Anatomical Features of the Nose Cavity in Children with Chronic, Acute Recurrent Sinusitis and Adenoid Hypertrophy of 1–3 Degrees

Functional and Anatomical Features of the Nose Cavity in Children with Chronic, Acute Recurrent Sinusitis and Adenoid Hypertrophy of 1–3 Degrees

The influence of type 1 diabetes on the hard dental tissues and the development of caries (literature review)

An electronic search for articles was conducted in PubMed, MEDLINE and Google Scholar, Scopus, Cochrane Library databases from January 2001 to August 2023 using keywords mentioned in the terms of diabetes impact on dental ca­ries, enamel, dentin, salivary glands, oral microbiome. A search ­using the keywords “dental caries” and “type 1 diabetes” was done in articles, systematic reviews and meta-analyses of English- and Ukrainian-language literary sources. The search for articles was focused on clear descriptions of the possible mechanisms of diabetes effect on the hard dental tissues. The analysis included articles with the results of clinical and experimental studies, meta-analyses, and systematic reviews written in English and Ukrainian according to the selected keywords; articles that explain the impact of diabetes on the hard dental tissues; articles that provide strong evidence of oral disease associated with type 1 diabetes. The article presents the results of the literary review of sources — clinical and experimental studies, meta-analyses and systematic analyzes regarding the impact of type 1 diabetes on the state of the hard dental tissues. The literature presents conflicting data on the prevalence of caries in children with type 1 diabetes compared to healthy children. Most research show that the level of metabolic control of diabetes and the age of children are associated with a high risk of developing caries. Data are presented on the potential risk of diabetes impact on the state of the hard dental tissues and possible mechanisms of developing caries. The authors consider disease-modifying risk factors such as impaired salivation, buffering capacity of saliva, changes in the oral microbiome, which lead to structural and biomechanical changes in the hard dental tissues. Modifiable risk factors such as eating habits, educational measures that directly affect the characteristics of individual hygiene, as well as regular professional control of the oral health, led to a decrease in the prevalence and severity of caries in children with type 1 diabetes. The conducted analysis indicates the need for further research to assess the health status of the oral cavity in children with type 1 diabetes.

Investigating the relationship between dental cavities and protective factors among children aged 0-5 years.

The purpose of this study was to determine the protective factors that contribute to the prevention of children aged 0-5 years from developing dental cavities. The oral hygiene practices of 266 children aged 0-5 years were assessed through surveys administered from 2019 to 2022 to identify clinical, dietary, social and parental factors. The Partial Least Squares (PLS) Regression and Artificial Neuron Networks (ANN) Models were used to determine protective factors associated with the prevention of dental cavities in children. The race distribution of the children as identified by caregivers is as follows: (1) Black or African-American (53.4%); (2) Asian (25.9%); (3) White (18.4%); and (4) Native American (2.3%). We found behavioral protective factors to significantly affect the oral health outcome (cavities) among children aged 0-5 years (p < 0.05). We also found that children whose parents/caregivers flossed their teeth were less likely to develop cavities. In addition, children were least likely to have cavities if their parents/caregivers used toothpaste and mouthwash, avoided sharing chewed food, and refrained from drinking 100% juice. In contrast, children were more likely to obtain cavities if their parents/caregivers had a lower education level, rarely cleaned their teeth, and often consumed marijuana, cow or goat milk, juice drinks and sugary beverages. The education level of parents, and on the contrary, oral hygiene practices of the family, play a significant role in influencing the prevalence of cavities in children aged 0-5 years.

Colonization resistance of buccal epitheliocytes as an indicator of mucosal immune homeostatic resources in children with recurrent respiratory diseases

Of particular interest is the study of colonization resistance of the oral cavity as a physiological phenomenon that reflects the ability of the microbiota and macroorganism in cooperation to protect the ecosystem of the oral cavity from pathogens. Purpose is to evaluate the significance of indicators of colonization resistance of buccal epithelial cells as a marker of homeostatic resources of mucosal immunity in recurrent respiratory diseases in children. Material and methods. 232 (5–16 years old) children were examined, including 56 children with acute bronchitis, 73 with recurrent bronchitis, 103 with community-acquired pneumonia. The control group included 31 apparently healthy children of the same age and sex. Used: conventional paraclinical and laboratory-instrumental methods, etiological verification of viruses and bacteria, colonization index and artificial colonization of buccal epitheliocytes, antiadhesive activity of saliva. Results. 64.38% of children with recurrent bronchitis and 72.82% of children with community-acquired pneumonia were born from an aggravated pregnancy and already at 3 months had signs of acute respiratory diseases. Viral antigens were detected in 63.36% of children. An inverse relationship was found between the indicators of artificial colonization and adhesion of Candida albicans on buccal epithelial cells — the lower the values of artificial colonization, the more often pneumonia and recurrent bronchitis were recorded. A significant decrease in saliva antiadhesion was found in recurrent bronchitis and community-acquired pneumonia, significantly different not only from the control, but also from patients with acute bronchitis. This contingent of patients finds itself in extremely unfavorable conditions due to the disruption of the adaptive reserves of the mucosal defense of the body. Conclusion. A decrease in the index of colonization, antiadhesive activity of saliva against the background of increasing parameters of artificial colonization in children with recurrent bronchitis and community-acquired pneumonia indicate deep dysbiosis. The high significance of screening approaches in assessing the homeostatic resources of mucosal protection of the oral cavity in children with bronchopulmonary pathology has been proven.

Assessment of the hygiene of the oral cavity in children of primary school age in Kyrgyzstan using dental indices

Assessment of the hygiene of the oral cavity in children of primary school age in Kyrgyzstan using dental indices

THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THERAPEUTIC AND PREVENTIVE MEASURES TO SUPPORT HOMEOSTASIS OF THE ORAL CAVITY BEFORE URANOPLASTY IN CHILDREN WITH CLEFT PALATE

The scientific publications are constantly active in improving the complexes of therapeutic and preventive measures in children with congenital indivisible palate, which are aimed at improving the quality of their life at all stages of observation. This issue is of particular relevance when it comes to surgery, which requires a well-balanced evaluation of somatic and local status in order to create favorable conditions for healing of the wound after radical uranostaphyloplasty.&#x0D; The purpose of work: The optimization of correction of homeostasis of oral cavity in children with indivisible palate before surgery.&#x0D; It has been continued monitoring of 21 patients aged 4 to 6 years with congenital indivisibility of the palate, which in the presence of anatomical violations was divided into two groups with a one -sided vaccination of 12 people and bilateral 11.&#x0D; A comprehensive analysis of the primary results of the examination allowed them to determine in them decreasing the production of oral fluid and the violation of its qualitative properties, which led to changes in physicochemical, biochemical parameters. This prompted us to develop and test a complex of treatment and preventive measures during the preoperative period during the month. Its use in children with unilateral clefts allowed to partially normalizing the rate of salivation, the concentration of hydrogen ions in the oral fluid, its optical density, viscosity. In this case, the activity of α amylase was reduced by 1.3 times, and the number of medium mass molecules, the level of sialic acids, the content of total protein, oxyproline remained less in 1.2; 1.3; 1.3; 1.2 times, respectively, compared to the previous examination. The magnesium rate increased slightly, the phosphorus content of it increased by 1.3 times, the calcium-phosphorus coefficient and the mineralizing potential of the oral fluid were by 1.3 and 1.2 times, respectively, but they did not reach the control values.&#x0D; At the same time, children with bilateral non -growing palate during this period of examination have been able to achieve relative normalization of only the rate of salivation, pH, and mouth viscosity. There was an improvement in its optical density, the level of medium mass molecules, sialic acids and the total protein content by 1.3 times. The activity of α-amylase fell by 1.2 times, and the amount of oxyproline decreased by 1.4 times.&#x0D; The content of magnesium and calcium in it increased by 1.4 times, as well as the calcium-phosphorus coefficient. This traced the fall in phosphorus by 1.2 times, which was accompanied by an increase in the degree of mineralization of the potential of the mouth fluid by 1.5 times. In this way, we have achieved the goal.

Dental Caries in Medicaid-Insured Preschool Children With or Without Special Health Care Needs in Northeast Ohio

Children with special health care needs (CSHCN) are recognized to be at increased risk of developing dental caries (decay). Evidence is mixed regarding the association of preventive oral health care delivered by pediatric primary care clinicians with caries experience among CSHCN. To investigate caries experience, including untreated decay, among Medicaid-enrolled preschoolers with or without special health care needs. This cross-sectional study used baseline data from the Pediatric Providers Against Cavities in Children's Teeth study, a cluster-randomized hybrid effectiveness-implementation trial conducted among 1022 Medicaid-enrolled preschoolers aged 3 to 6 years attending well-child visits at 18 participating community pediatric primary care practices in northeast Ohio. Baseline data were collected from November 1, 2017, to August 31, 2019, with statistical analyses conducted from April to August 2022. Presence of special health care needs, as assessed by applying the Pediatric Medical Complexity Algorithm to International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, Tenth Revision codes, was abstracted from electronic medical records. CSHCN were defined as having either noncomplex chronic disease (presence of only 1 nonprogressive chronic condition, or multiple nonprogressive chronic conditions in a single body system) or complex chronic disease (presence of any progressive chronic condition, malignant neoplasm, or significant chronic conditions involving multiple body systems). Untreated dental decay and caries experience as assessed through clinical dental examinations using International Caries Detection and Assessment System criteria. A total of 1022 children aged 3 to 6 years from 18 practices were enrolled in the study. The mean (SD) age of the study population was 4.3 (1.1) years, 554 (54.2%) were boys, and of 988 with data on race and ethnicity, 451 (45.6%) were Black. Of these, 301 of 1019 (29.5%) had a likely special health care need (225 with noncomplex chronic conditions and 76 with complex chronic conditions). The most frequent chronic conditions included asthma (n = 209) and mental or behavioral health disorders (n = 146), including attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, autism, and developmental delays. Overall, 296 children (29.0%) had untreated decay, and 378 (37.0%) had caries experience (decayed and filled teeth). Accounting for sociodemographic characteristics, CSHCN had 34% reduced odds of untreated decay (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 0.66 [95% CI, 0.48-0.92]) compared with those with without chronic disease. In addition, caries experience was lower among CSHCN (AOR, 0.79 [95% CI, 0.60-1.04]). In this cross-sectional study of Medicaid-enrolled children who attended well-child visits as preschoolers, untreated dental decay was lower among CSHCN compared with those without chronic conditions. This study suggests that CSHCN may have had better access to the various types of dental care facilitated in medical settings.

The effect of OSA on the negative pressure and acoustic compliance of middle ear cavity in children.

To explore the effect of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) on the negative pressure and acoustic compliance of middle ear cavity in children. The clinical data of 258 children with suspected OSA, who complained of mouth breathing or snoring at night in the Department of Otolaryngology Head and neck surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiao Tong University from August 2020 to March 2022, were enrolled and analyzed retrospectively. The OSA and otitis media with effusion (OME) were determined by polysomnography (PSG) and acoustic immittance examination, respectively. Then, the parameters of tympanometry were compared between OSA and non-OSA children or among the children with various severity of OSA. There was no significant difference in the incidence of OME between children with OSA and those with non-OSA (15.80% vs 11.80%, P=0.422). Compared with non-OSA children, OSA children had lower negative pressure (-56.42 vs -12.38, P<0.001) and higher acoustic compliance (0.45 vs 0.38, P=0.030) in middle ear cavity. There were also significant differences in negative pressure and acoustic compliance among children with mild, moderate and severe OSA (P<0.001; P=0.001). However, only the absolute value of negative pressure was markedly decreased after surgical therapy accompanied with transformation from OSA to non-OSA (-156.67 vs -45.67, P<0.05), while this was not observed for acoustic compliance (0.48 vs 0.40, P>0.05). OSA may have an adverse influence on the negative pressure and acoustic compliance of middle ear cavity in children.

Risk Factors for Erosive-ulcer Diseases of the Mouth in Children

Erosive-ulcer diseases of the oral cavity in children reach 9% of the prevalence among inflammatory diseases of the dentition and have a tendency to recur and chronicize the process. At the same time, the issues of etiopathogenesis remain unresolved to the end, and therefore the purpose of this work is to study the risk factors for the occurrence of erosive-ulcer lesions (EUL). Her study was conducted on the basis of the National Center for Maternity and Child Welfare. A retrospective analysis of the histories was carried out — 548 children who underwent inpatient treatment in the department of maxillofacial surgery. 100 patients with relapses of oral EUL were observed on an outpatient basis in the department of gastroenterology, where they underwent an in-depth clinical, laboratory and instrumental study. Risk factors were studied using a specially designed questionnaire. In the course of the study, it turned out that the EUL of the oral cavity in children is mainly found in preschool children, no special differences in the sex composition were found. It was revealed that the first significant factor is the pathology of the gastrointestinal tract up to 1 year (OR=324.927, PPV=92%, p&lt;0.05). Next in rank significance (descending OR value — odds ratio) are neonatal pathology (OR=67.992, PPV=91%, p&lt;0.05), nutrition quality (OR=47.861, PPV=94%, p&lt;0.05 ), diseases of the gastrointestinal tract in relatives (OR=19.636, PPV=91%, p&lt;0.05), diet (OR=4.644, PPV=89%, p&lt;0.05), feeding (OR=3.597, PPV= 88%, p&lt;0.05) and the course of pregnancy (OR=1.751, PPV=86%, p&lt;0.05). This study allows you to focus on the most significant risk factors and continue the study to find the most optimal, affordable methods of research and treatment at all levels of healthcare. Considering the foregoing, the contingent of patients with erosive and ulcerative diseases of the cavity require observation not only by dentists, but also by pediatricians, family doctors and gastroenterologists.

Pharmacokinetic properties of Fluoroquinolones in Comparative Aspect of their effect on Pathogenic microflora

Quinolones and their derivatives of the second to fourth generation (fluoroquinolones) are highly active antimicrobial agents. This research examines pharmacokinetic properties of fluoroquinolones in comparative aspect of their effect on pathogenic. Microflora of conjunctival cavity in children diagnosed with conjunctivitis and dacryocystitis. The study was carried out in 2020 in Ophthalmologic Polyclinics No. 1 (Moscow, the Russian Federation). The group comprised 200 children aged six years who were diagnosed with bacterial conjunctivitis and dacryocystitis. The composition of pathogenic microflora species and the effect of moxifloxacin and other fluoroquinolones on the sensitivity and resistance of microorganisms were analyzed using conjunctival scrapings. The presence of eight species of pathogenic microorganisms in the scrapings has been established. The majority of bacteria detected were gram-positive: St. epidermidis (59%) and St. aureus (21%), p ≤ 0.05. Other types of microorganisms, including gram-negative E. coli, K. pneumonia, and St. saprophycus, were discovered 20 times (p≤0.001 relative to St. epidermidis), 18 times (p ≤ 0.001), and 15 times (p ≤ 0.01) less frequently, accordingly. The levels of bacterial resistance were 13% for moxifloxacin, 16% for levofloxacin, and 21% for ciprofloxacin. Moxifloxacin monotherapy showed a 100% result. After five days of treatment, all patients demonstrated minimal values (0.5 and 0.1 points vs. 3.8 and 4.4 points at the beginning of treatment, p ≤ 0.01) for two parameters (conjunctival hyperemia and sticky eye), the other three parameters were zero. Fourth-generation fluoroquinolone (moxifloxacin) has been shown to be highly effective against gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus bacteria.