Cavitating Flow Regimes Research Articles

충돌형 분사기 내의 캐비테이션 유동

캐비테이션이 존재하는 충돌형 분사기의 유출 특성에 관하여 수치해석과 실험을 수행하였다. 캐비테이션을 고려한 유동 해석 결과 실험결과와 비교하여 1% 유출계수 차이가 관찰된 반면, 단상유동 해석 결과는 8%의 차이를 보였다. 캐비테이션 유동에서 유출계수는 레이놀즈 수가 증가함에 따라 감소하였다. 반면에 단상유동에서는 레이놀즈 수에 비례하여 약간 증가하였으며 이는 점성의 효과가 상대적으로 작아진 것으로 풀이된다. 이러한 결과는 캐비테이션이 발생하는 유동에서 분사기의 유출계수를 정확하게 예측하기 위해서는 캐비테이션을 고려해야 한다는 것을 말하는 것이다. 캐비테이션 발생에 의하여 분사기 출구에서 밀도와 유속분포의 불균일이 심해졌고 이차유동의 강도가 강화되었다. An anaysis on the discharge performance of an impinging-type injector for cavitating flow has been conducted by both numerical and experimental method. The predicted discharge coefficient for cavitating flow agrees well with the measured data showing less than 1% discrepancy. For the case of non-cavitating flow analysis, the disagreement between CFD results and the experimental data is 8%. The discharge coefficient for the cavitating flow decreases with decrease in the Reynolds number. On the other hand, it increases slightly as the Reynolds number increases for the non-cavitating flow because of the reduced viscous effect. From the present study, it is confirmed that the fact that cavitation phenomena should be included to predict accurately the discharge performance of injectors for cavitating flow regime. The uniformity of density and velocity magnitude degraded at the injector exit, and the secondary flow strength through the injector orifice accentuated due to cavitation.

액체로켓 추진제 공급계에서 캐비테이션 벤튜리의 유량 제어 특성

액체로켓 추진제 공급장치에 정착된 캐비테이션 벤튜리의 유량 제어 특성을 해석하였다. 해석에는 실험과 수치해석이 병행되었으며 캐비테이션이 존재하는 유동에서 두 결과의 유량 차이는 약 10%로 나타났다. 벤튜리 상류의 압력을 <TEX>$22.8{\times}10^5$</TEX>pa로 일정하게 유지하고 하류의 압력을 변동시켰을 때 <TEX>$3{\times}10^5$</TEX>pa 이상의 압력 차이에 대하여 유량이 증가하지 않음을 확인하였다. 비응축 기체의 농도 변화에 의하여 벤튜리 내부에 발생하는 증기의 분포는 크게 달라지지만 유량은 같은 수준이 유지되어 비응축 기체의 농도가 1.5PPM에서 150PPM로 커질 경우, 유량이 약 2% 감소하였다. 이는 작동유체가 포함하고 있는 비응축 기체의 팽창과 생성된 증기가 압력 회복을 저해하는 영향이 유사하기 때문으로 풀이된다. Characteristics of flow rate control has been studied for a cavitating venturi adopted in a liquid rocket propellant feed system. Both experiment and numerical simulation have been performed to give about 10% discrepancy of mass flow rate for cavitating flow regime. Mass flow rate is confirmed to be saturated for pressure difference higher than <TEX>$3{\times}10^5$</TEX>pa when the upstream pressure is fixed to <TEX>$22.8{\times}10^5$</TEX>pa and the downstream pressure is varied. The evaporation amount depends substantially to non-condensable gas concentration. However the mass flow rate characteristics is relatively insensitive to the mass fraction of non-condensable gas. So it reduces by only 2% when the non-condensable gas concentration is increased from 1.5PPM to 150PPM. From the previous comparison the expansion of the non-condensable gas and the evaporation of liquid are verified to gave same effect to the pressure recovery pattern.

Analysis of Single- and Two-Phase Flows in Turbopump Inducers

A model is developed for analytically determining pump inducer performance in both the single-phase and cavitating flow regimes. An equation of state for vaporizing flow is used in an approximate, three-dimensional analysis of the flow field. The method accounts for losses and yields internal distributions of fluid pressure, velocity, and density together with the resulting overall efficiency and pressure rise. The results of calculated performance of two sample inducers are presented. Comparison with recent theory for fluid thermal effects on suction head requirements is made with the aid of a resulting dimensionless vaporization parameter.

Void Fraction Measurements in a Cavitating Venturi

A method is described for obtaining precise measurements of local density (or void fraction) in an axially symmetrical cavitating flow regime wherein a heavy fluid as mercury, molten lead, and so on, is used. The method can be adapted to light fluids by substituting a softer radiation source. Significant information regarding the cavitating flow regime in a particular venturi operating with mercury has been obtained. Among other things it has been shown that regions where substantial damage to test specimens has previously been noted [7] have void fractions of the order of only five percent.